（中考英語語法）語法專題五 名詞【考點精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點通（學(xué)生版）

（中考英語語法）語法專題五名詞【考點精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點通（學(xué)生版）（中考英語語法）語法專題五名詞【考點精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點通（學(xué)生版）/（中考英語語法）語法專題五名詞【考點精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點通（學(xué)生版）語法專題五、名詞(必考)考點考點精講名詞即表示人或物名稱的詞,它分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類.專有名詞表示人、地方、事物、組織等名稱的詞,如：Lucy,China,theGreatWall.考點1可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞(CountableNouns)與不可數(shù)名詞(UncountableNouns),可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成形式部分規(guī)則如下：情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加-s在清輔音后讀/s/在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/在t后讀/ts/在d后讀/dz/cake-cakesday-daysstudent-studentsbed-beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等結(jié)尾的詞加-es讀/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i,再加-es讀/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞加-s讀/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)結(jié)尾的詞變f(fe)為ves讀/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不規(guī)則變化改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母;單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同;其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,sheep-sheepmouse-mice2.某國人變復(fù)數(shù)(1)中國人aChinese-Chinese;(2)日本人aJapanese-Japanese(2)英國人anEnglishman-Englishmen;(3)法國人aFrenchman-Frenchmen(4)美國人American-Americans(5)德國人German-Germans可用口訣記憶這一點,即：中日不變英法變,其余s加后面.3.以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些在詞尾加-es,它們是"黑人英雄愛吃西紅柿土豆”.如：Negro-Negroeshero-heroestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoes而一般在詞尾后加-s.如：zoo-zoosradio-radios4.復(fù)合名詞前面的名詞是man,woman變復(fù)數(shù)時,構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞的兩個名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是其他詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時,只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：manteacher-menteachers男老師boystudent-boystudents男生5.字母、數(shù)字、引語或縮略語的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在其后面加’s或-s.如：Therearetwof’sintheword"office”.ManyVIPsarecomingtoourcity.6.有些以-f或-ef結(jié)尾的詞直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù).如：roof-roofsbelief-beliefsproof-proofschief-chiefs7.一些名詞加-s后,讀音會發(fā)生變化.如：bath[bɑ：θ]-baths[bɑ：ez]題組訓(xùn)練可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)1.Japanese___________2.Frenchman___________3.American____________4.Egyptian___________5.German_____________6.Australian____________7.photo______________8.tomato______________9.potato_______________10.piano_____________11.kangaroo____________12.knife____________13.womandriver________________14.appletree_______________考點2不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)表示方法：不可數(shù)名詞需要計量時,用"數(shù)詞或冠詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示,量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù),但of后的名詞只能用原形.如：apieceofpaper一張紙twopiecesofpaper兩張紙;apieceofbread一片面包;aglassofmilk一杯牛奶,等等.(2015·西藏自治區(qū)·歷年真題)Mr．Black

gave

us_________

on

how

to

keep

healthy．A.some

piece

of

advice B.some

pieces

of

adviceC.some

piece

of

advices D.some

pieces

of

advices考點3名詞所有格名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系.有兩種表示形式：一種是’s所有格,另一種是of所有格.如：BeijingisChina’scapital.北京是中國的首都.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中國的首都.用and連接兩個并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系,這時只在最后一個名詞后加’s.如：ThisisMaryandhersister’sbedroom.用and連接兩個并列名詞,表示分別擁有各自的物品時,兩個名詞都在詞尾加’s表示所有關(guān)系,如：TheseareTom’sandMary’sbags.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,在s后加"’”;不以s結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加’s.如：教師節(jié)Teachers’Day兒童節(jié)Children’sDayof所有格常用來表示無生命的東西.如：thedooroftheroom.雙重所有格(當(dāng)物主代詞不可與a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,each,every,such,another等詞一起前置修飾一個名詞,而必須用雙重所有格)有兩種形式：of+名詞所有格;of+名詞性物主代詞.如：Heisafriendofmybrother’s.Issheadaughterofyours?表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時,常在名詞后加上’s代表全稱.如：atthedoctor’s由some-,any-,every-與-one/-body結(jié)合起來的復(fù)合名詞,如someone,everybody等和else連用時,’s應(yīng)加在else后.如：somebodyelse’spencil表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞,也可以在詞尾加"’s”或"’”來構(gòu)成所有格.如：anhour’sride(2022·廣西壯族自治區(qū)·歷年真題)Thewomaninahatis_____________aunt.A.JackandJohn B.Jack’sandJohnC.Jack’sandJohn’s D.JackandJohn’s考點4名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化某些名詞后面加-y構(gòu)成形容詞表示"充滿……的”.如：cloud-cloudy多云的sun-sunny晴天的某些名詞后面加-ful構(gòu)成形容詞表示"具有……性質(zhì)的”.如：use-useful有用的care-careful小心的部分表示人的名詞后加-ly構(gòu)成形容詞,這種形容詞常具有贊美的意味.如：friend-friendly友好的love-lovely可愛的某些名詞后加-less構(gòu)成形容詞,表示"沒有……的”.如：care-careless粗心的use-useless沒用的考點5易混淆點有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞,但意義有所不同.如：work(工作)-awork(著作)glass(玻璃)-aglass(玻璃杯)paper(紙)-apaper(報紙;文件;試卷)tea(茶)-atea(一種茶,表示種類)wood(木頭)-awood(小樹林)room(空間)-aroom(房間)有些名詞雖以-s結(jié)尾,但它們不是復(fù)數(shù).如：physics物理,maths數(shù)學(xué),politics政治,news新聞三、"數(shù)詞-名詞單數(shù)-形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式而須用單數(shù)形式.如：Sheisafive-year-oldgirl.四、雙重所有格與of所有格的區(qū)別.需要仔細體會語境.如：Heisafriendofyourfather’s.他是你父親的一個朋友.(你父親的朋友不止一個)Heisafriendofyourfather.他是你父親的朋友.(強調(diào)他對你父親的友好)五、同義詞辨析1.family,house與homefamily指"家、家庭”,可強調(diào)家庭中的全體成員,不指住房;home作"家”講,指人們生活居住的地方,強調(diào)居住的范圍和環(huán)境;house有"住宅,家”之意,強調(diào)房屋和居住點.如：Myfamilyareverykind.HelefthomeforBeijing.Theylivedinasmallhouse.2.job與workjob是可數(shù)名詞,指一項具體的工作;work是不可數(shù)名詞,指工作、勞動、努力.3.problem與question兩個詞都表示"問題”.一般老說,problem總是與"困難”相聯(lián)系,它可以指社會問題、數(shù)學(xué)問題,這種"問題”是"有待解決的”,與之搭配的動詞是solve;question常與"疑問、質(zhì)問、詢問”相關(guān),這種"問題”是"有待回答的”,常與動詞answer連用.如：Heaskedmesomequestions.Thereisnoproblemthatheishonest.4.voice,noise與soundvoice是"嗓音”;noise是"吵鬧聲”,指不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲;sound是指人所聽到的自然界的任何聲音.如：Irecognizehervoiceatonce.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Atthefootofthehill,youcouldhearnothingbutthesoundoftherunningmessage,information,newsmessage作"音信”解,一般指口頭傳遞的或書寫的"消息”,是可數(shù)名詞.information作"信息”解,通常指在閱讀、觀察、談話或書信往來中特別關(guān)注的消息、情報、資料等.它側(cè)重內(nèi)容,是不可數(shù)名詞.news作"新聞”解,一般指通過廣播、電視、報紙等新聞媒體向大眾發(fā)布的社會各方面的最新消息,它側(cè)重一個"新”字,是不可數(shù)名詞.advice,suggestionadvice是不可數(shù)名詞,如果表達幾條建議可以借助量詞piece,apieceofadvice一條建議suggestion是可數(shù)名詞,可以直接加s.somesuggestions一些建議1.(2020·全國·單元測試)Thethree________upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough________foradoublebed.A.room;room B.room;rooms C.rooms;room D.rooms;rooms2.(2022·新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)克拉瑪依市·模擬題)—Thankyouforthe______yougaveme.—I'mgladthey'rehelpful.A.suggestions B.advice C.news D.information考點6詞義辨析名詞還有一個重要考點就是名詞的詞義辨析,根據(jù)題意選擇正確的名詞,所以背誦單詞是基礎(chǔ),同學(xué)們一定要堅持每天背誦單詞,爛熟于心.考點精練考點精練中考語法—名詞專項練習(xí)(共計50小題,每小題2分,總分100分.)—Whatagood______you'vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure.A.information B.news C.suggestion D.adviceHowmuch________

doweneedtomakeabananamilkshake?A.bananas B.apples C.coffee D.milkIt'ssportstime.Most______studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.A.boy B.boys C.boy's D.boys'Therearefifty_________inourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.A.womanteachers B.womenteacher C.womanteacher D.womenteachersIt'ssportstime．Most________studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground．A.boy B.boys C.boy's D.boys'YesterdayfordinnerIhadapieceofbeef,vegetablesand

_____.A.some

rice B.a

few

rice C.alittle

rices D.a

rice—Couldyoutellmethe______ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowtheinstructionsinthecookbook.A.time B.method C.cost D.menuI’dlikesome_____and_____．A.banana;tomato B.bananas;tomatoC.bananas;tomatoes D.banana;tomatoesMy

grandpa

knows

the

history

and

medical

______of

many

plants.A.wealth B.price C.value D.costInaconversationbetweentwopersons,65%of______isdonethroughbodylanguage.A.information B.pronunciation C.introduction D.communication—Wherewereyouborn,Michael?

—Iwasborninasmallvillagewithonlythree_______people.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds

ofShanghaiisoneof_______intheworld.A.thebiggestcities B.biggestcitiesC.thebiggestcity D.biggercitiesTheonlineshopsells____________shoesataverygoodprice．A.child B.child’s C.children D.children’sThepolicemangiveusmuch____________onhowtoprotectpersonalinformation．A.tip B.reason C.advice D.suggestionThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmany_________there.A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit—Whatwouldyoulike,sir?—Acupof______,please.A.potato B.coffee C.banana D.hamburgerMr.Wanggavemeseveraluseful_____onhowtolearnbetter.A.advise B.advices C.suggest D.suggestions______fatherscan'tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness．A.Jack

and

Mike's B.Jack's

and

Mike'sC.Jack

and

Mike D.Jack's

and

MikeItisfiveyearssincewebegantoenjoya______springholidayeachyear.A.ten-day B.tenday C.tenday’s D.ten-days—Whereareyougoingtospendyoursummerholiday,Jenny?—Ihaven'tmadea

yet.I'mgoingtotalkaboutitwithmyfamilytomorrow.A.decision B.promise C.journey D.suggestion—Areallthestudentsfrom

inyourclass?—No,thereareonly3

??????????????inourclass.Theothersarefromothercountries.A.Germany;Germen B.Germany;GermansC.German;Germans D.German;GermanyIfyouworkharder,you’llhaveanother______toplaytheviolinataconcert.A.sleep B.chance C.mistake D.problemThreefifthsoftheteachersinourschoolare______.A.manteachers B.menteachers C.womanteachers D.womenteacherA______playersetanewrecordatthesportsmeeting.A.16-years-old B.16yearold C.16-year-old D.16yearsoldMrLiuisawiseman,andheoftengivesusafew______.A.suggestions B.advice C.hobbies D.knowledgeAfterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook______rest.A.afewminute’s B.alittleminute’sC.afewminutes? D.alittleminutes?Withtheintroductionofthe"doublereduction"policy(雙減政策),oneofthe__________thatthestudentshavelesshomework.A.changes;is B.change;is C.changes;areIfyouwanttobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshan,hardworkisthekeyto________.A.treasure B.beauty C.success D.health—Whatdoyouthinkofourhotel?—Good!I’mespeciallysatisfiedwiththehigh______ofyourservice.A.level B.speed C.praise D.priceNobodythoughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin______.A.two

days'

time B.two-days

time C.two

day's

time D.two

days

time—CanIhelpyou?—Pleasegiveme______aboutthetrainstoDaqing.A.a

few

informations B.a

little

informationsC.a

little

information D.a

few

informationUncleLihasafarm,therearesome______onthefarm.A.chickenandsheep B.chickensandsheepsC.chickensandsheep D.chickenandsheeps—Areyouthirsty?—Yes,pleasegiveus

.A.threebottlewater B.threebottleofwaterC.threebottlesofwater D.threebottlesofwaters34.Acandledoesnotproduceas

???????lightasalightbulb.A.many B.much C.few D.little35.Theproblemsaredifficulttosolve.Pleasegiveme_______.A.manyadvice B.someadvice C.anadvice D.someadvices36.—CanIhelpyou,

Madam?—Yes.______,please.A.Twopairofsocks B.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsock D.Twopairofsock37.About200______wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.A.German B.Australian C.Chinese D.American38.WebelievethatChinawillbecomeoneof______intheworld.A.the

strong

countries B.the

strongest

countryC.the

strongest

countries D.the

strong

country39.Chinesefoodissodeliciousthat______foreignersarelearningtocookit.A.many B.much C.few D.little40.Toourjoy,Chinahasmademuch______inscientificresearchinthepast20years.A.peace B.trouble C.progress D.noise41.—How

far

is

your

home

from

the

train

station?—It's

about

20__________walk．A.minute B.minutes C.minute's D.minutes