吉林省伊通滿族自治縣第三中學(xué)校高中英語選修七Unit3UndertheseaGrammar

Unit3Grammar

Revise

thePassiveVoiceof

—ingFormHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,theWorldTradeCentercollapsed.HaveALk1.Whatwearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiled.2.Thesilenceofthelibrarywasbrokenonlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.3.BeingwatchedbyhisEnglishteacher,littleTomfeltnervous,notknowingwhattosay.4.Didyouseetheboybeingquestionedbythepolice?5.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行車被盜了。何時使用被動語態(tài)呢？三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat...據(jù)推測說……Itissupposedthat…四、漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時。例如：WeiHuawasaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏華是被林濤叫來的。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如：HewasborninOctober,1989．V-ing形式由“do＋ing”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成V-ing短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。V-ing形式語態(tài)時態(tài)主動形式被動形式一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone

當(dāng)動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，就要用動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)。

動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)和它的主動語態(tài)一樣，在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語。動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)1.

Beingkilledbysharksintheseaisacommonthing.2.Beinghelpedoutbythekillerwhales,thewhalerswereabletomakesuccessfulkill.用作主語Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.2.Irememberhavingbeentoldthestory.

3.Ididn’tliketheideaofbeingthrownaboutinaboatonaroughsea.

用作賓語V-ing形式既可作動詞的賓語,也可作介詞的賓語?！颰hebirdescaped______________(catch).★Hewasafraidof_______________(abandon)byus.beingabandonedbeingcaught在

avoid,admit,appreciate,complete,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,insiston等后只接V-ing形式作賓語。注意Theproblembeingdiscussed

nowisveryimportant.2.Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourlibraryuponitscompletion.用作定語1.Beingaskedtoanswerthequestion,shecouldn’trefuse.2.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howwouldyounotvalueitatall?用作狀語—Ving一般時和一般時的被動形式;(1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.(2)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.CompareI—Ving的完成時和完成時的被動形式(1)Havingheardthis,ourteacherexpressedhersatisfaction.(2)Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldn’tleave.CompareII

在絕大數(shù)情況下，句子的邏輯主語是句中的主語，但有時可有一個名詞或代詞表示邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。

Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.

會議結(jié)束后,我們都離開房間開車走了。

Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.

由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。

Theheavyfrostcomingon,deadleaveslaythickontheground.

濃霜降臨,落葉滿地。一些動詞如need,want,require等作“需要”講時,其后的動詞-ing形式的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義,也可以用不定式的被動形式來替換。如：注意

Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.

黑板需要擦干凈。

Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.=Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.

那個破窗戶需要修理。另外注意beworth及beworthy的用法：

Theproblemisworthdiscussing.

Theproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed.

Theproblemisworthytobediscussed.

以上三個句子都意為“這個問題值得討論”。1.WhatmadeBillsoangry?______.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasn’tcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeptwaitingD.Beingkeptwaited課堂練兵

2.Thebuilding____inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.builtB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt

3.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed______.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch

4.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp______intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded5._______manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching

6._________thewholestory,Janedecidednottoseethefilm.A.Havingbeentold

B.HavingtoldC.Beentold

D.Telling

7.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis______DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled8.Doyoumind_______aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft

9.________abroadforatourisagreathonorforanordinarypersonlikeme.A.TakenB.TakingC.HavingbeentakenD.Beingtaken10.Ihearthey’veinvitedLucy,butshedidn’tmention_________whenwetalkedonthephone.A.toinviteB.havingbeeninvitedC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited11.Bencan’tattendtheparty_______atLily’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingfortomorrow’stest.A.holdB.toholdC.tobeheldD.beingheld12._______,theenemytroopswereforcedtogivein.A.BeingsurroundedB.TosurroundC.TobesurroundedD.Havingsurrounded13.Theappointment_____becauseofthesnowstorm,MissGreenhadtostayathome.A.cancelingB.beingcanceledC.havingbeencanceledD.tobecanceled14.Afterthemanbecameconscious,heremembered_______andhitonthe

headwithsomethinghard.A.toattackB.havingbeenattackedC.attackingD.tobeattacked

—Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?—Yes,Ihave.Iguessit______now.(2007遼寧卷)A.hasgradedB.isgradedC.isbeinggradedD.isgrading實戰(zhàn)高考2.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.(2008江西卷)A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted3.______aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.(2008陜西卷)A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow4.Istillremember

________

totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.(2009陜西卷)A.totake

B.

tobetaken