2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版選擇性必修第四冊　Unit 3　Sea Exploration含答案

2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版選擇性必修第四冊Unit3SeaExploration含答案Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會意1．merchantn．商人；批發(fā)商adj.海上貨運的2．fleetn．艦隊；機群；車隊3．beholdvt.(beheld，beheld)看；看見4．spicen．(調(diào)味)香料5．maritimeadj.海的；海運的；海事的6．tournamentn．錦標(biāo)賽；聯(lián)賽7．laptopn．筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦8．pressconference記者招待會；新聞發(fā)布會9．mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操縱的10．submersiblen．潛水器；可潛船11．underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的12．capsulen．膠囊；太空艙13．coraln．珊瑚14．migrationn．遷移；遷徙；移居15．directoryn．名錄；電話號碼簿；(計算機文件或程序的)目錄16．exploitvt.開發(fā)；利用；剝削17．gallonn．加侖(容積單位，1英制加侖約等于4.5升)18．logvt.把……載入正式記錄；記錄n．正式記錄；日志；原木19．marineadj.海的；海產(chǎn)的；海生的Ⅱ.重點單詞——記形1．talen．故事；敘述2．negotiatevt.商定；達成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商3．leaguen．等級；水平；聯(lián)合會；聯(lián)賽4．royaladj.皇家的；王室的；高貴的5．withdrawvt.&vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤離6．channeln．航道；海峽；頻道7．bondn．紐帶；關(guān)系vt.&vi.增強信任關(guān)系；使牢固結(jié)合8．taxvt.對……征稅；使納稅n．稅；稅款9．meanwhileadv.與此同時；(比較兩方面)對比之下10．a(chǎn)rrestn．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長→extensiveadj.廣闊的；大量的；廣泛的→extensionn．?dāng)U大；延伸；延期；電話分機2．politicsn．政治；政治觀點→politicaladj.政治的；政治上的→politiciann．政治家；政客3．professionn．職業(yè)；行業(yè)→professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的→professorn．教授；(大學(xué)的)講師，教員4．mixturen．混合；結(jié)合體；混合物→mixvt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixedadj.混合的；人員混雜的5．coveragen．新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→covervt.包括；報道；行走；涉及；覆蓋6．a(chǎn)pplaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞→applausen．鼓掌；掌聲；喝彩7．murdervt.謀殺；兇殺；毀壞n．謀殺；兇殺→murderern．謀殺犯8．mercyn．仁慈；寬?。欢骰荨鷐ercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的→mercilessadj.殘忍的；無慈悲心的9．possessionn．[usuallypl.]個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制→possessvt.控制；具有；擁有10．opponentn．反對者；對手；競爭者→opposevt.反對；抵制→opposedadj.反對的；截然不同的1．tiptoe/'tIpt??/n．腳尖vi.踮著腳走；躡手躡腳地走2．forsth’ssake為某事本身的緣故；鑒于某事本身的價值3．disorder/dIs'??d?(r)/n．紊亂；混亂；騷亂4．excessive/Ik'sesIv/adj.過度的；過多的5．a(chǎn)ll-round/???l'ra?nd/adj.全面的；全能的；多才多藝的6．obstacle/'?bst?kl/n．障礙；障礙物7．a(chǎn)ccumulation/??kju?mj?'leI?n/n．積累；聚積物8．devil/'devl/n．魔鬼；惡魔9．compliment/'k?mplIm?nt/n．稱贊；問候；致意vt.贊美；欽佩10．bolster/'b??lst?(r)/vt.改善；加強Ⅳ.背核心短語1．setsail起航；開航2．inaleagueofone’sown獨領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷3．withdrawfrom退出；撤回4．inhand在手頭；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中5．searchfor尋找6．underthecommandof在……的指揮下7．inreturnfor作為對……的回報8．forthebenefitof為了……的好處/利益9．takeaction采取行動10．a(chǎn)swellas也；又；還Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.(Theaimistodo...)這項倡議旨在鼓勵橫跨歷史悠久的絲綢之路沿線地區(qū)的合作與貿(mào)易，同時加強中國與世界其他地區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系。2．Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.(which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)中國已經(jīng)在這些沿線地區(qū)的運輸系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)上投入了數(shù)十億美元，這將促進整個地區(qū)實現(xiàn)大發(fā)展，有利于未來的貿(mào)易和文化交流。3．...thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.(thereisanurgentneedtodosth迫切需要做某事)……為了了解氣候變化及其影響，迫切需要對北極進行研究。4．Totrulyunderstandourplanet，wemustexploretheoceanswhichcovermostofit.(不定式作目的狀語)為了真正了解我們的星球，我們必須探索覆蓋其表面大部分的海洋。5．Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.(sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)我們需要了解我們的星球正在發(fā)生什么，以便我們可以采取行動。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共10分)1．merchantn．商人；批發(fā)商adj.海上貨運的2．capsulen．膠囊；太空艙3．migrationn．遷移；遷徙；移居4．exploitvt.開發(fā)；利用；剝削5．logvt.把……載入正式記錄；記錄n．正式記錄；日志；原木6．tournamentn．錦標(biāo)賽；聯(lián)賽7．laptopn．筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦8．mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操縱的9．coraln．珊瑚10．underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的Ⅱ.重點單詞(每小題1.5分，共15分)1．talen．故事；敘述2．negotiatevt.商定；達成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商3．leaguen．等級；水平；聯(lián)合會；聯(lián)賽4．royaladj.皇家的；王室的；高貴的5．withdrawvt.&vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤離6．channeln．航道；海峽；頻道7．bondn．紐帶；關(guān)系vt.&vi.增強信任關(guān)系；使牢固結(jié)合8．taxvt.對……征稅；使納稅n．稅；稅款9．meanwhileadv.與此同時；(比較兩方面)對比之下10．a(chǎn)rrestn．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2分，共10分)1．extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長→extensiveadj.廣闊的；大量的；廣泛的→extensionn．?dāng)U大；延伸；延期；電話分機2．professionn．職業(yè)；行業(yè)→professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的→professorn．教授；(大學(xué)的)講師，教員3．coveragen．新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→covervt.包括；報道；行走；涉及；覆蓋4．politicsn．政治；政治觀點→politicaladj.政治的；政治上的→politiciann．政治家；政客5．opponentn．反對者；對手；競爭者→opposevt.反對；抵制→opposedadj.反對的；截然不同的Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．tiptoen．腳尖vi.踮著腳走；躡手躡腳地走2．a(chǎn)ll-roundadj.全面的；全能的；多才多藝的3．complimentn．稱贊；問候；致意vt.贊美；欽佩4．forsth’ssake為某事本身的緣故；鑒于某事本身的價值5．obstaclen．障礙；障礙物Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2分，共10分)1．setsail起航；開航2．a(chǎn)swellas也；又；還3．forthebenefitof為了……的好處/利益4．inreturnfor作為對……的回報5．underthecommandof在……的指揮下Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題2.5分，共20分)1．Themurdererhadmurderedanovelistbeforehefledhiscountry.(murder)2．Thebrilliantprofessorisadoctorbyprofession，sohehasmuchprofessionalknowledgeinmedicine.(profession)3．Heisinpossessionofthreevillasandhealsopossessesthreefirms.(possession)4．Facingsuchanevent，Ihavemixedemotions.Ifeelastrangemixtureofexcitementandfear.(mix)5．Themercifulkingshowedmercytothepoor，whointurnapplaudedtheking.(mercy)6．Whenheenteredthehall，hewasgreetedbythunderousapplause.Allthefansapplaudedexcitedly.(applaud)7．Thetwoopponentswereopposedtoeachother’sopinions.(oppose)8．Asajournalist，it’syourdutytocoverthefactandyouareresponsibleforyourcoverage.(cover)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(inaleagueofone’sown，withdrawfrom，inhand，searchfor，takeaction)1．Withdrawingfromtheswimmingcompetitionbecauseofaseriousinjurymadehimfrustrated.2．HesurfedtheInternetwiththeaimofsearchingfortherelevantinformation.3．Becauseofourlimitedtime，Istronglysuggesttakingactionrightnowtodealwiththisurgentmatter.4．TheOlympicorganizerssayconfidentlythatmattersarewellinhandandthereisnothingtoworryabout.5．Withmanygoodqualities，ourmonitorisinaleagueofhisownineveryaspect.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題3分，共15分)1．這次活動的目的是增強我們保護文化遺產(chǎn)的意識。(Theaimistodo...)Theaimoftheactivityistoraiseourawarenessofprotectingtheculturalheritage.2．他昨晚熬夜，這是導(dǎo)致他第二天在課堂上睡覺的原因。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)Hestayeduplatelastnight，whichaccountedforhissleepingintheclassthenextday.3．我給你寫信是為了和你分享我對如何與父母友好相處的觀點。(不定式作目的狀語)Iamwritingtoyoutosharewithyoumyopinionsonhowtogetalongwellwithparents.4．急需做出一些改變以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的情況。(Thereisanurgentneedtodo...)Thereisanurgentneedtomakesomechangestoadapttothecurrentsituations.5．我對茶的傳統(tǒng)制作過程做了詳細的說明以便他們能更好地理解它。(sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)Iexplainedthetraditionalprocedureofmakingteaindetailsothattheycouldbetterunderstandit.TheMingDynastydesiredtostrengthenthe1.bonds(bond)withsomewesterncountriesandbetween1405and1433，sevenlargefleets2.underthecommandofZhengHesetsailfromtheSouthChinaSea.TheysailedacrosstheIndianOceantotheeastcoastofAfrica，alongthemarinechannelswhich3.hadbeenextended(extend)bytheformermerchantsandexplorers.Theytookgold，silkandspicestotheAfricanroyalfamilies4.andnegotiatedtradedealswiththem.Meanwhile，with5.advanced(advance)weaponsinhand，theyhadmercyonratherthanexploited，murderedorarrestedthepeopleinothercountries,6.whointurnapplaudedthem.Theyalso7.logged(log)manytalesthathadhappenedalongtheway.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433，thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueof8.their(they)ownatthattime.Today，toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesire.Andtheancientroutes9.travelled(travel)byZhengHearebeingrevisitedwiththeaim10.toencourage(encourage)cooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長；提供；伸展，展開vi.&vt.持續(xù)，延續(xù)(extensiveadj.廣闊的；大量的；廣泛的extensionn．延伸；擴大；延期)extend...to...向……提供/給予……extendto延長到extendby延長了(1)Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension(extend)，simplyexplainthesituationtoyourprofessor.(2)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)(3)這些課程每周一節(jié)，每節(jié)課兩小時，持續(xù)22周以上。與去年的這門課程相比，持續(xù)時間延長了兩周。(話題寫作之學(xué)校生活)Thesecoursesarebasedonaweeklytwo-hourclass，extendingoveraperiodoftwenty-twoweeks.Comparedwithlastyear’scourse，thedurationextendsbytwoweeks.(4)我要由衷感謝這些年來為我們做了很多的全體老師。(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)Iwouldliketoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetoallmyteachers，whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.mercyn．仁慈；寬??；恩惠(mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的mercilessadj.殘忍的；無慈悲心的)·showmercyto對……憐憫/寬恕havemercyon/upon對……憐憫/寬恕atthemercyof...任由……擺布·bemercifulto...對……仁慈(1)Theleaderissuchamercifulmanandalwayshasmercyon/uponthosepoorpeoplebutsometimeshecanbemercilesstobadpersons.(用合適的介詞或mercy的適當(dāng)形式填空)(2)在失去引擎動力之后，這艘船只好任憑風(fēng)暴擺布。Havinglostenginepower，theshiphadtobeatthemercyofthestorm.possessionn．[usuallypl.]個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制(possessvt.擁有；具有；支配)·takepossessionof(表動作)占有；擁有inpossessionof(表狀態(tài))具有；擁有inthepossessionof被……擁有；歸……所有·bepossessedofsth具有(某種品質(zhì)或特征)(1)這款最新的筆記本電腦是湯姆的，也就是說湯姆擁有這款最新款的筆記本電腦。ThelatestlaptopisinthepossessionofTom，whichmeansthatTomisinpossessionofthelatestlaptop.(2)幸福不是渴望我們沒有的東西，而是享受我們所擁有的東西。Happinessisnotwishingforwhatwedon’thave，butenjoyingwhatwepossess/takepossessionof/areinpossessionof.(3)請記住，只有擁有良好的心態(tài)，你才能獲得成功。Keepinmindthatonlyifyoupossess/arepossessedofagoodstateofmindwillyouattainsuccess.inhand在手頭；可供使用athand近在手邊；在附近byhand手工，用手的handinhand手挽手；密切關(guān)聯(lián)ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相對立的兩個方面)givesbahand幫助……；施以援手用hand的相關(guān)短語填空(1)Asanoldsayinggoes，“Successandfailurealwaysgohandinhand.”(2)Havingenoughdatainhand，wecansetouttoholdthepressconferenceasscheduled.(3)Meanwhile，you’dbetterkeepadictionarycloseathandsothatyoucanlookupunfamiliarwordsinit.(4)Evenforpersonalletters，themerchantwouldratheruseacomputerthanwritebyhand.(5)Ontheonehand，computersextendourvision；ontheother(hand)，theyalsobringaboutsomeharmfulproblems.(6)WheneverIamintrouble，itisyouwhogivemeahandwithouthesitation.sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.我們需要了解我們的星球正在發(fā)生什么，以便我們可以采取行動?！け揪渲衧othat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，相當(dāng)于inorderthat，從句中往往含有情態(tài)動詞，如can，could，may，might等?！othat也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，此時從句中往往沒有情態(tài)動詞。(1)下次你來我們的城市時，一定要提前給我打電話，以便我可以做一些必要的安排。Nexttimeyouvisitourcity，youmustcallmeaheadofschedulesothatIcanmakesomenecessaryarrangements.(2)公共汽車壞了，我們不得不步行回家，這讓我們怒火中燒。Thebusbrokedownsothatwehadtowalkhome，whichmadeusboilwithanger.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．withdraweq\x(A.退出B.收回發(fā)言、意見等C.提取存款等)(1)Iwantedtowithdraw$4,000frommybankaccount.C(2)Iheardyouaregoingtowithdrawfromthespeechclass.(2021·浙江1月)A(3)Sensinghismistake，theministerwithdrewhisstatementlater.B2．bondeq\x(A.n.紐帶；關(guān)系B.n.保釋金C.vt.使牢固結(jié)合D.v.增強信任關(guān)系)(1)Thenewtypeofgluebondsavarietyofsurfacesinseconds.C(2)Thefollowingday，thetaxidriverwasreleasedon$5,000bond.B(3)Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.(2020·全國Ⅱ)D(4)Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion...(2021·天津)A3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思(1)Allthepeoplepresentatthemeetingapplaudmydecision.贊成(2)Thecharmingmanarrestedmyattention.吸引Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識1．Manypeoplehadtheirpossessions(possess)buriedundertheruins，thusbecominghomeless.2．Theprimeministerofthecountrywasonceaprofessional(profession)athleteaswellasalicensedlawyer.3．Hedoesn’thavethefreedomtochoosewhathelikes，soIhavemercyon/uponhim.4．Inegotiatedwithothersponsorsoftheexhibitionabouthowtoorganizeitperfectly.5．Forsomereason，IwithdrewfromahandfulofgrandclubsandIwillneverjointhemagain.6．Thecoverage(cover)provedtobeoutoflinewiththetruthwasdeleted.7．It’ssaidthatanopen-airbarbecuewillbescheduled，whoseaimistostrengthen(strengthen)thebondoftheemployees.8．Dokeepinmindthatmyassistancewillbeathandwheneveryouneedit.9．Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixture(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements.10．Allthemerchantsstayedsilent，listenedtomecarefullyandgavemeabigroundofapplause(applaud)attheend.2022·全國甲改編,你校將以六月八日世界海洋日為主題，舉辦英語征文比賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包括：1.海洋的重要性；2.保護海洋的倡議。完成句子1．6月8日是世界海洋日，其目的是提高人們對海洋保護的認識。(theaimistodo...；whose引導(dǎo)定語從句)2．海洋起著至關(guān)重要的作用，它不僅為我們提供了充足的食物，而且維持了自然的平衡。(which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)3．隨著世界海洋日的臨近，迫切需要采取措施保護海洋。(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；Thereisanurgentneedtodo...)4．為了做出我們的貢獻，我們學(xué)生可以發(fā)傳單，呼吁更多的人保護海洋。(不定式作目的狀語)5．現(xiàn)在是我們致力于保護海洋的時候了，這樣我們才能建設(shè)一個更加和諧的世界，在未來過上更好的生活。(sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。參考范文Whenitcomestotheocean，itspollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.WorldOceansDayfallsonJune8th，whoseaimistoraisepeople’sawarenessofoceanconservation.Theocean，whichplaysavitalrole，notonlyoffersussufficientfood，butalsomaintainsthebalanceofnature.WiththeWorldOceansDayapproaching，thereisanurgentneedtotakemeasurestoprotecttheocean.Tomakeourcontributions，westudentscanhandoutleafletstocallonmorepeopletoprotecttheocean.Besides，weshouldstopthrowinggarbageintotheocean.Allinall，itishightimethatwedevotedourselvestoprotectingtheocean，sothatwecanbuildamoreharmoniousworldandliveabetterlifeinthefuture.教材語料整合亮詞[情感描寫]mercyn．→mercifuladj.；opponentn．→opposedadj.；mixturen．→mixedadj.[動作描寫]setsail；negotiate；withdrawfrom；applaud；exploit；arrest美句1.Tradeandcuriosityhaveoftenformedthefoundationofmankind’sgreatestachievements.(主旨升華)2.Inrecentyears，ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.(動作描寫)3.Opponentsmaybeconcerned，butseaexplorationisimportantforourfuture.(情感描寫)拓展語料積累修辭妙用之?dāng)M人擬人就是賦予物以人的語言屬性。擬人手法的使用會使文章更加形象生動、富有情趣。句型1.Themistswallowedthemupandtheicywindstartedhowling，stingingtheirfacesviolently.薄霧吞沒了他們，冰冷的風(fēng)呼嘯著，猛烈地刺痛了他們的臉。2.Seeingsuchextraordinarybeauty，Ithinkeverycellinmybodywokeup.看到這絕美景色，我想我身體里的每一個細胞都蘇醒了。3.Thefirstraysofmorningtiptoedthroughthegrass.第一縷晨光躡手躡腳地穿過草地。4.Immediatelyanabsolutedarknessruledtheforestandanextremesenseoffearseizedme.剎那間，漆黑統(tǒng)治了整個森林，一種極度的恐懼感籠罩著我。5.Oneeveningsaw/witnessedabusdriverweavingthroughtraffic.一天晚上，一位公共汽車司機穿梭在車流中。6.Thefeatherysnowflakesdancedinthenightair，makingabeautifulpicture.羽毛般的雪花在夜空中飛舞，構(gòu)成一幅美麗的圖畫。7.Thebeesplayedhide-and-seekwiththeflowersastheybuzzedfromoneflowertoanother.蜜蜂嗡嗡地從一朵花到另一朵花上，與花朵進行捉迷藏。語料運用海上遇險AlthoughSamhadbeenwarnedthat①astormwascoming，therewaslittlethatwouldkeephimfromgoing.②Withtheicywindhowlingandthethickfogswallowingeverything(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))，Samsetsailonafreezingnight.Thestormwasgainingstrengthonland，buthadnotyetreachedaplacefarfromthecoast.③Wavesrockedthesmallboat，whichbegantoturnsidewayslikeanamusementparkride.Theywerecompletely④atthemercyofthestorm.Thedimlampshangingontheboatslippedintotheangrysea，throwingthemincompletedarkness.⑤OnlythendidthefearbegintoseizeSam(倒裝句)．Thenthedarkseaalongwithafewtwinklingstars⑥witnessedadeath-and-lifestrugglebetweenhumansandnature.Fortunately，⑦thestormyseafinallycalmeddownandthefirstraysofmorningtiptoedonthehorizon.盡管山姆被警告暴風(fēng)雨即將來臨，但幾乎沒有什么能阻止他去。伴隨著呼嘯的寒風(fēng)和吞噬一切的濃霧，山姆在一個寒冷的夜晚啟航了。風(fēng)暴在陸地上越來越大，但還沒有到達離岸很遠的地方。波浪搖晃著小船，小船開始像游樂園里的游樂設(shè)施一樣側(cè)向轉(zhuǎn)彎。他們完全任憑風(fēng)暴擺布。船上掛著的昏暗的燈滑入憤怒的大海，把他們拋在一片無盡的黑暗中。直到這時，恐懼才開始籠罩山姆。然后，黑暗的大海以及閃爍著的幾顆星辰，見證了人與自然之間的生死斗爭。幸運的是，驚濤駭浪的大海終于平靜下來，第一縷曙光躡手躡腳地出現(xiàn)在地平線上。高考題型組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A★ArobotcreatedatStandfordUniversityisdivingdowntoshipwrecks(沉船)inawaythathumanscan’tdo.KnownasOceanOneK，therobotallowsitsoperatorstofeellikethey’reunderwaterexplorers，too.OceanOneKresembles(像)ahumandiverfromthefront，witharms，handsandeyesthatcapturetheunderwaterworldinfullcolor.Thebackoftherobothascomputersandeightmultidirectionalthrusters(推進器)thathelpitcarefullyexplorethesitesoffragileshipwrecks.Whenanoperatorattheocean’ssurfaceusescontrolstodirectOceanOneK，therobot’stouch-basedfeedbacksystemcausesthepersontofeelthewater’sresistance.TheideaforOceanOneKcamefromadesiretostudycoralreefsintheRedSeaatdepthsbeyondthenormalrangefordivers.WhileOceanOneKwasdesignedtoreachmaximumdepthsof656feet，researchershadanewgoal：1kilometer，hencethenewnameforOceanOneK.Theresearcherschangedtherobot’sbodybyusingspecialfoamtoincreasebuoyancy(浮力)andfightthepressureof1,000metersmorethan100timeswhathumansexperienceatsealevel.OceanOneKalsogottwonewtypesofhandsandincreasedarmandheadmotion.DuringOceanOneK’sdeepdiveinFebruary，teammembersdiscoveredtherobotcouldn’trisewhentheystoppedforathrustercheck.Flotationsonthecommunicationsandpowerlinehadcollapsed，causingthelinetopileonthetopoftherobot.OceanOneK’sdescentwasasuccess.Itdroppedoffamemorialmarkerontheseabedthatreads，“Arobot’sfirsttouchofthedeepseafloor—Avastnewworldforhumanstoexplore.”Khatib，aprofessor，calledtheexperiencean“incrediblejourney”.“Thisisthefirsttimethatarobothasbeencapableofgoingtosuchadepth，interactingwiththeenvironment，andpermittingthehumanoperatortofeelthatenvironment，”hesaid.eq\x(語篇解讀本文為一篇說明文，介紹了一款深海探測機器人OceanOneK。)1．WhatcanwelearnaboutOceanOneK?A．Itseyesarecolorful.B．Itfunctionsautomatically.C．Itlookslikeitsoperatorfromthefront.D．Itisremotelycontrolledtoexploreunderwater.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段末句“KnownasOceanOneK，therobotallowsitsoperatorstofeellikethey’reunderwaterexplorers，too.”，第二段首句“OceanOneKresembles(像)ahumandiverfromthefront，witharms，handsandeyesthatcapturetheunderwaterworldinfullcolor.”及末句“Whenanoperatorattheocean’ssurfaceusescontrolstodirectOceanOneK，therobot’stouch-basedfeedbacksystemcausesthepersontofeelthewater’sresistance.”可知，OceanOneK是被人遠程控制的，可以在水下探險。故選D。2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthethirdparagraph?A．Bylistingdata.B．Byraisingquestions.C．Byreasoningandanalyzing.D．Bypresentinganargument.答案A解析寫作手法題。根據(jù)第三段的“WhileOceanOneKwasdesignedtoreachmaximumdepthsof656feet，researchershadanewgoal：1kilometer，hencethenewnameforOceanOneK.Theresearcherschanged...andfightthepressureof1,000metersmorethan100timeswhathumansexperienceatsealevel.”可知，第三段通過列數(shù)據(jù)來展開。故選A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“descent”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Successfuloperation.B．Deepdiving.C．Pressureresistance.D．Flexibleexploration.答案B解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段畫線詞后文“Itdroppedoffamemorialmarkerontheseabed”“Arobot’sfirsttouchofthedeepseafloor”“Thisisthefirsttimethatarobothasbeencapableofgoingtosuchadepth，interactingwith...”可知，機器人OceanOneK成功潛入深海。故選B。4．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ACreativeExplorerB．TheAmbitiousExplorationC．ASelf-DrivenSeeker—ARobotD．ADeep-SeaExplorer—OceanOneK答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了一款能進行深海探險的機器人OceanOneK。故選D。BAnewstudyfoundsomeprimates(靈長類)areleavingtheirtreehomesandspendingmoretimeontheground.LedbyTimothyEppley，PhD，scientistsstudiednearly50speciesofmonkeysandlemurs(狐猴)tolookatthereasonbehindthesechanges.About15yearsago，Eppleyworkedwithsouthernbamboolemurs，whichwereknowntospendmostoftheirdaysinthetrees，feedingonbambooleaves.However，hewassurprisedtofindtheselemurswerespendingmosttimeonthegroundandhadanincrediblydiversediet.Hewonderedwhetherhabitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredrivingthemtomovetotheground.Thisinspiredhimtobeginthisstudy.HereachedouttoeveryresearcherhecouldfindwhomayhavesignificantdataonprimatesfromMadagascarortheAmericas，thetwoplaceswithalmostalltree-dwellingprimates.Eppleyexaminedmorethan150,000hoursofdataobservedon32monkeyspeciesand15lemurspeciesat68sites.Hefoundthattheyspentanaverageofonly2.5%oftheirtimeonthegroundeachmonth.Butthefindingsshowedsomeinterestingdifferences.“Ashabitatsaredegradedandtheclimateworsens，primatesthatareflexibleenoughtoadaptbecauseoftheirdiversedietsorliveinlargergroupsmaybemorelikelytoshifttolifeontheground，”Eppleysays.“However，otherspeciesthatrelyonfruitdietsorliveinsmallgroupsarelessadaptableandarelesswillingtoleavethetrees.Forthesespecies，wewillstillneedtoenforcefastandeffectiveconservationstrategiestoensuretheirsurvival.”Althoughmovingtothegroundhassomeadvantagesincertainsituations，primatescanfaceproblemswhentheyleavethetrees.Theycanbecomevictimsofotheranimalsanddiseases.Besides，theywillbefacedwithfindingappropriatefoodresourcesontheground，thushavingabroadorflexibledietisimportant.Primatesareimportantseedspreaderswithintheirforesthabitats.Thelossofprimateswouldleadtonegativeeffectsontheecosystem.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：因為森林的破壞以及氣候變化使得一些靈長類動物被迫選擇了到地面生活。5．WhydidTimothyEppleybeginhisstudy?A．Totrytomakeprimatesmoreadaptive.B．Tostudyhowmonkeysdifferfromlemurs.C．Tofigureoutthereasonforthelossofbamboo.D．Tofindoutwhyprimatesareturningtotheground.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句和第二段中“Hewonderedwhetherhabitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredrivingthemtomovetotheground.Thisinspiredhimtobeginthisstudy.”可知，TimothyEppley開始研究是想找出靈長類動物選擇地面生活的原因。故選D。6．HowdidTimothyEppleycarryouthisresearch?A．Bydoingexperiments.B．Byobservinginthewild.C．Bystudyingcollecteddata.D．Byinterviewingthelocals.答案C解析推理判斷題。第四段講到“Eppleyexaminedmorethan150,000hoursofdataobservedon32monkeyspeciesand15lemurspeciesat68sites.”可知，Eppley通過分析收集到的數(shù)據(jù)進行這項研究。故選C。7．Whichkindofprimatesaremorelikelytocomedownfromtrees?A．Thoseeatingdiversediets.B．Thosewithalargesize.C．Thosefeedingmainlyonfruits.D．Thoselivinginsmallgroups.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。第五段講到“primatesthatareflexibleenoughtoadaptbecauseoftheirdiversedietsorliveinlargergroupsmaybemorelikelytoshifttolifeontheground”可知，那些飲食多樣化的靈長類動物更傾向于到地面生活。故選A。8．Whatwillbecomeaconcernaccordingtothestudy?A．Animalswillbecomelessadaptive.B．Theforestecosystemwillbecomeworse.C．Morenaturalhabitatswillbelost.D．Moreanimal-relateddiseaseswillappear.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。最后一段講到“Primatesareimportantseedspreaderswithintheirforesthabitats.Thelossofprimateswouldleadtonegativeeffectsontheecosystem.”可知，在森林里靈長類動物是植物種子的重要傳播者，如果它們到地面上棲息，將會影響森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B。Ⅱ.完形填空Chick-fil-Aisknownfortheirincrediblecustomerservice.Buttherestaurantsoftenfindspecialwaysto1intimesofcrisis，too.AndthisNorthCarolinaChick-fil-AhelpedHurricaneFlorencerelief2byopeningitsdoorsonSunday.You’llalwayshear“Mypleasure”fromChick-fil-A3whentheyserveyou.AndtheWilmington，NorthCarolinaChick-fil-A，ownedbyDonovanandNikkiCarless，wasquicktoservelocalsonSundayafterHurricaneFlorenceleftthousandsofpeople4.Bythen，thehurricanehadalready5thelivesof43people.Rescuemissions6around5,000peoplefromdangerousconditions.AndtheGovernorofNorthCarolina，RoyCooper，announcedthatfloodwaterswerestilla(n)7tothestate.Withthisinmind，therestaurantownersaskedtheiremployeeswhowouldbe8toservefoodonSunday.It’sadaythecompanyusuallycloses.ButonthisparticularSunday，thedoorsopenedandservedthemiserable9.AccordingtoABCNews11，theteam10theopportunitytohelp.11theRedCross，theteamwasabletogive500sandwichesand1,200biscuitsatthreedifferent12.Otherfast-foodchainsalso13inrescuework.Andthisis14whatcommunityisallabout.Intimeslikethese，it’salways15toseebusinessesputtheirbottomdollarasideandinsteadlooktoseehowtheycangiveback.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了快餐連鎖店Chick-fil-A在周日開門幫助救援在颶風(fēng)“佛羅倫薩”中受災(zāi)的災(zāi)民的故事。1．A.remain B．respondC．reflect D．refresh答案B解析根據(jù)下文“AndthisNorthCarolinaChick-fil-AhelpedHurricaneFlorencereliefbyopeningitsdoorsonSunday.”可知，Chick-fil-A在危難開頭也經(jīng)常能找到特殊的方法作出反應(yīng)。故選B。2．A.effort B．fundC．supplies D．staff答案A解析根據(jù)下文“servelocalsonSundayafterHurricaneFlorence...”可知，Chick-fil-A周日開門營業(yè)，幫助佛羅倫薩颶風(fēng)后的救援工作。reliefeffort指的是救援工作。故選A。3．A.leaders B．residentsC．colleagues D．employees答案D解析根據(jù)下文“whentheyserveyou”可知，此處指的是Chick-fil-A的雇員。故選D。4．A.motionless B．fearlessC．homeless D．speechless答案C解析根據(jù)常識可知，此處指颶風(fēng)使成千上萬人無家可歸。故選C。5．A.claimed B．lostC．confirmed D．dominated答案A解析claim(災(zāi)難﹑事故等)奪去(生命)；lose丟失；confirm證實；dominate支配，控制。根據(jù)句中“thelivesof43people”可知，此處指颶風(fēng)奪走了43人的生命。故選A。6．A.hid B．separatedC．recovered D．distinguished答案C解析根據(jù)句中“fromdangerousconditions”可知，此處指將大約5000人從危險的環(huán)境中救出。recover指“找回；尋回；找到”，符合語境。故選C。7．A.warning B．threatC．reminder D．interruption答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Withthisinmind，therestaurantownersaskedtheiremployeeswhowouldbetoservefoodonSunday.”可推知，洪水對該州來說仍然是威脅。故選B。8．A.proud B．reliableC．curious D．willing答案D解析根據(jù)下文“It’sadaythecompanyusuallycloses.”可推知，此處指餐館老板詢問了誰愿意在周日來餐廳為難民提供食物。故選D。9．A.victims B．villagersC．rescuers D．a(chǎn)ttackers答案A解析根據(jù)常識可知，在災(zāi)難面前，人們是受害者。故選A。10．A.openedup B．waitedforC．benefitedfrom D．jumpedat答案D解析openup開放；waitfor等待；benefitfrom從……中受益；jumpat欣然接受。根據(jù)上文可知，餐館老板詢問了誰愿意在周日來餐廳為難民提供食物，此處指員工們欣然接受了這個提供幫助的機會。故選D。11．A.Incommandof B．InrewardforC．Inassociationwith D．Incontrastto答案C解析incommandof指揮；inrewardfor作為報答；inassociationwith聯(lián)合；incontrastto與……對比。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指該團隊與紅十字會聯(lián)合。故選C。12．A.companies B．habitatsC．shelters D．settlements答案C解析結(jié)合上文提到颶風(fēng)“佛羅倫薩”導(dǎo)致數(shù)千人無家可歸可知，該團隊和紅十字會聯(lián)合，在三個不同的避難處提供三明治和餅干。故選C。13．A.engaged B．delightedC．succeeded D．invested答案A解析根據(jù)also可推知，此處指其他快餐連鎖店也參與了救援工作。engage(sb)in(使某人)參加或從事某事。故選A。14．A.merely B．surelyC．probably D．truly答案D解析根據(jù)上文“...theteamwasabletogive500sandwichesand1,200biscuitsatthreedifferent.Otherfast-foodchainsalso...”可知，這就是社區(qū)的真正意義所在。故選D。15．A.challenging B．inspiringC．a(chǎn)stonishing D．puzzling答案B解析challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；astonishing令人驚訝的；puzzling令人困惑的。通讀全文可知，在類似這樣的時刻，看到企業(yè)不顧自己的利益轉(zhuǎn)而尋求如何回報社會的行為是令人鼓舞的。故選B。Ⅲ.語法填空InNingbocity，ayoungwomanhasmadethebambooproductbrandofherfamily’scompanyfamousaroundtheworld,1.(help)afairnumberofbamboofarmersincreasetheirincome.WangXiaoqing，borninthe1990s,2.(find)thatintheUS，Chinesebambooproductswerepopularamongcustomers,3.manyofthemcarriedforeignbr