職稱英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料衛(wèi)生類概括大意

職稱英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：衛(wèi)生類概括大意

SuccessfulLanguageLearners

Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnew

vocabulary,masterrulesorgrammar,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequickly

thanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanothers,sowhatmakes

languagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthese

successfullanguagelearners,wemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguage

learningeasierforthem.

Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdepend

onthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadof

waitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.

Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguess

wrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.

Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonot

waitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewho

speakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.

Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosay

strangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationis

difficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantfor

themtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.

Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthe

languagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itis

necessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandto

learnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywant

tolearnwithit.

Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,you

haveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,if

yourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightaswelltrysomeofthe

techniquesoutlinedabove.

1.Paragraph1

2.Paragraph2

3.Paragraph3

4.Paragraph4

A.WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfully

B.LearningalanguagePurposefully

C.LearningaLanguageActively

D.LearningaLanguageIndependently

E.LearningfromMistakes

F.LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage

5.Successfullanguagelearnersderiveconclusions

6.IndependentLanguagelearnersrelyonthemselves

7.Activelanguagelearnersseizeeveryopportunity

8.Theauthorwrotethistext

A.todiscoversentencepatternsandgrammaticalrules

B.toexpandvocabulary

C.tousethetargetlanguage

D.toencourageunsuccessfullanguagelearnerstolearnindependently,activelyand

purposefully

E.fromclues

F.tosaystrangethings

KEY:ADCBEACD

CarCrime

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignition

everyday.Thecarsaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.The

AutomobileAssociation(A.A)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaverage

threeminutesandsometimeslongerasdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandother

consumeritems.Withpaymentofcreditcardsbecomingmoreandmorecommon,itisnot

unusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecartheftwith

agoldenopportunity.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabigriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypes

ofcrime.AnaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokenintoorstolenintheUK.Car

crimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenseswithnosignsthatthetrendis

slowingdown.

Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentof

cartheftiscommittedbytheopportunists.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourown

carelessness.TheA.A.recommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowever

shortaperiod.Apartiallyopensunrooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheA.A.hasfondlittleawarenessamongdrivers

aboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspots

-justtheplacesthieveslove.TheA.A.advisesdrivestoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound

-thievesdon'tlikeaudiences.

練習(xí)

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraph3.

3.Paragraph4.

A)Safeparking

B)Increaseincartheft

C)Opportunitiesfornon-professionals

D)Anti-theftorganizations

4.Mostcartheftsshouldbeblamedon.

5.Inthepastdecadetherehasbeenabig.

6.Mostofthecartheftsarefoundtobecommittedby.

7.Apieceofadvicefordriversisthattheyshould.

A)thecarelessnessofthedrivers

B)increaseinthenumberofcarsstolen

C)non-professionalthieves

D)lackofparkingspace

E)larktheircarsinsafeplace

Keys:BCAABCE

ScienceFiction

Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusually

classifiedassciencefiction.Hundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyall

kindsofpeople.Furthermore,someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeen

basedonsciencefictionstories.

Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliterature,butits

ancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoften

concernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsociety,athemewhichisstilloften

foundinmodernstories.

Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefiction,however,havebeenwrittenwithinthelasthundred

years.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wells,tomentionjusttwowell-known

authors,havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

Modernsciencefictionwritersdon'twriteaboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventure

stories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentson

societyandthehumanmind;orinimaginingfutureworldswhichareareflectionoftheworld

whichweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.

Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefiction,thewritersmayfindit

difficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtosee

thewaywearegoing,however,mayprovideavaluablelessononhowtodealwiththe

problemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnology.

1.Paragraph1___________

2.Paragraph2___________

3.Paragraph3___________

4.Paragraph4___________

A.PopularityofScienceFiction

B.AFairlyNewDevelopment

C.ClassicsofScienceFiction

D.DifficultyinKeepingaheadofScientificAdventure

E.ItsOrigin

F.ThemesofModernScienceFiction

5.Someformofidealsocietyis

6.BookswrittenbyJ.Verneare

7.Peopleenjoy_______________________

8.Worksofmodernsciencefictionhave

A)arecurrenttheme

B)concernedwiththeproblemsthatwehavetosolveinthefuture

C)readingbooksofsciencefiction

D)politicalimplications

E)acurrenttheme

F)readworldwide

KEY:AECFAFCD

Alaska

In1858AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstate,symbolizinga

changeofattitudethatholdin1867,whenthepeninsulawaspurchasedfromRussia.Then,

mostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1,500,000squarekilometers"oficebergsandpolar

bearH-beyondCanada'swesternborders,farfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates.

InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircle,Alaskastillisalandof

icebergsandpolarbear.Iceburiedintheearth,whichispermanentlyfrozentoadepthof90

ormoremeters,FromearlyMayuntilearlyAugust,themidnightsunneversetsonthisflat,

treelessregion,butthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown.

AlaskaisAmerica'slargeststate,butonlyabout325,000peoplelivethere.Accordingto

estimates,800,000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640,000

hectaresarebeingcultivated.

ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlesscenturies.Itisbelievedthatthe

EskimosmovedtherefromMongoliaorSiberia,probablycrossingBeringStrait,namedfor

VitusBering,theDanishseacaptainwhodiscoveredAlaskaonhisvoyageforRussiain1741.

TheEskimosarethestate*searliestknowninhabitants.Russianfurtradersestablished

settlementsbut,bythetimeAlaskawassoldtotheUnitedStates,mostofthetradershad

departed.

In1896goldwasdiscoveredneartheKlondikeRiverinCanadajustacrosstheAlaskan

border.ThousandofAmericansrushedtotheregionontheirwaytoKlondike;somenever

returned.Alaskawasnevercompletelycutoffagain,althougheventodaytransportationisa

majorproblem.ThereareonlytwomotorroutesfromtheU.Smainland,andwithinthestate,

everytownhasitsownairfield.Planesflypassengers,mailandfreighttothemostdistant

villages.

ThegoldthatchangedlifesosuddenlyforAlaskawassoonended,andalthoughmany

storiesaboutminingcampshavebecomepartofAmericanliterature,thegoldfromAlaskan

earthcontributedlesstoeconomicprogressthanthefishfromAlaskawaters.Thefishcaught

inasingleyearrangeinvaluefrom$80millionto$90million.Fur-bearinganimalsare

plentifulintheforestsandstreams,andvaluablefursealsinhabitthewaters.Afterfishing,

thestate'schiefindustryislumberandtheproductionofwoodpulp.Inrecentyears,Alaska*s

singlemostimportantresourcehasbecomeoil.Thestatealsohaslargedepositsofcoal,

copper,goldandotherminerals.

1.Paragraph3________

2.Paragraph4

3.Paragraph5

4.Paragraph6

A)Richresourcesofthestate

B)Connectionswiththeoutsideworld

C)Transportationproblem

D)Thenativesoftheland

E)Coldclimate

F)Landandpopulation

5.Foraslongasthreemonthsofayear,thesunontheice-coveredlandof

Alaska.

6.Accordingtostatistics,ofthetotalareaofAlaskahasbeenusedfor

farming.

7.AlaskawasoriginallypartofRussia,butwasbought______.

8.GolddidnotbringtoAlaskaasmuchwealth

A.asfishdoes

B.becauseofitsrichnaturalresources

C.bytheUnitedStatesinthe19thcentury

D.shinesdayandnight

E.onlyaverysmallpercentage

F.alimitedamountofthegoldfoundthere.

KEY:FDCADECA

RecreationandSports

“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy'1isapopularsayingintheUnitedStates.

Othercountrieshavesimilarsayings.Itistruethatallofusneedrecreation.Wecannotwork

allthetimeifwearegoingtomaintaingoodhealthandenjoylife.Goodphysicalandmental

healthinfactenablesustoworkmoreefficiently.

Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularwayistoparticipatein

sports.Thereareteamsports,suchasbaseball,basketball,andfootball.Thereareindividual

sports,also,suchasgolfandswimming.Inaddition,hiking,fishing,sidingandmountain

climbinghaveagreatattractionforpeoplewholiketobeoutdoors.Chess,card-playing,and

dancingareformsofindoorrecreationenjoyedbymanypeople.

Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportingeventslikestoparticipateinthem.Manypeopleprefer

tobespectators,eitherbyattendingthegamesinperson,watchingthemontelevision,or

listeningtothemontheradio.Whenthereisanimportantbaseballgameorboxingmatch,it

isalmostimpossibletogettickets;everyonewantstoattend.

Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherweplayafastgameofping-pong,concentrateoverthebridge

table,orgowalkingthroughthewoodsonabriskautumnafternoon.Itisimportantfor

everyonetorelaxfromtimetotimeandenjoysomeformofrecreation.

練習(xí)：

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraphs.

3.Paragraph4.

A)Theimportantofhavingrecreation

B)Therecreationcenters

C)Typeofsports

D)Funofbeingspectators

4.Tokeepfitandenjoylife,allofusmusthave.

5.Participatingindoorsportsoroutdoorsportsisagoodway.

6.Manypeoplepreferwatchinggamesto.

7.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthosewhoworkallthetimeanddonotknowhowto

relax.

A)mustbeveryboring

B)somekindofrecreation

C)participatinginthem

D)torelaxoneself

E)tochooseone'sownwayofrelaxing

Keys:CDABDCA

WorkandCareers

Sometimeswesaythatsomeoneweknowisa"squarepeginaroundhole“⑴.This

simplymeansthatthepersonwearetalkingaboutisnotsuitedforthejobheisdoing.He

maybeabookkeeperwhoreallywantstobeanactororamechanicwholikescooking.

Unfortunately,manypeopleintheworldare"squarepegs";theyarenotdoingthekindof

worktheyshouldbedoing,foronereasonoranother.Asaresulttheyprobablyarenotdoing

averygoodjobandcertainlytheyarenothappy.

Choosingtherightcareerisveryimportant.Mostofusspendagreatpartofourlivesat

ourjobs.Forthatreasonweshouldtrytofindoutwhatourtalentsareandhowwecanuse

them.Wecandothisthroughaptitudetest,interviewwithspecialists,andstudyofbooksin

ourfieldofinterest.

Therearemanycareersopentoeachofus.Perhapswelikescience.Thenwemight

prepareourselvestobechemists,physicists,orbiologists.Maybeourintereststakeusinto

thebusinessworldandsuchworkasaccounting,personnelmanagementorpublicrelations.

Manypersonsfindtheirplaceingovernmentservice.Teaching,newspaperwork,medicine,

engineering---theseandmanyotherfieldsofferfascinatingcareerstopersonswithtalent

andtraining.

練習(xí)：

1.Paragraph1.

2.Paragraph2.

3.Paragraph3.

A)Jobchoicesforthetalented

B)Importanceoffindingtherightjob

C)Resultoftakingthewrongjob

D)Varietyofjobsopentoall

4.Apersonwhoisnotdoingtherightjobcannotexpectto.

5.Tofindthejobmostsuitableforyourself,youshouldfirstofall.

6.Thereareactuallyvariouskindsofjobsweallcan.

7.Therearenumerouswaystofindout.

A)spendmoretimeinschool

B)whatjobsuityoubest

C)choosefrom

D)doitwellandfeelcomfortableinit

E)findoutwhatyourtalentsare

Keys:

CBDDECB

RadioandTelevision

TherearefewhomesinBritaintodaythatdonothaveeitheraradioortelevisionset.

Bothofthemhavebecomeanessentialpartofourlife,keepingusinformedofthenewsof

theday,instructingusinmanyfieldofinterest,andentertaininguswithsinging,dancingand

acting.

Marconi,theItalianinventorwhogaveustheradio,probablydidn'trealizewhateffects

hisgreatinventionwouldhaveontheworldintheyearstocome.Radiohas,perhaps,hadas

muchinfluenceontheworldasanyothercommunicationsdevice.Eventsofuniversal

interestcanbereportedtotheentireglobeafewsecondsaftertheyhappen.Explorersin

remoteareas,shipsatsea,evenastronautscirclingtheearthareabletokeepintouchwith

civilizationbymeansofradio.

Televisionisanothermajorinstrumentofcommunication,permittingustoseeaswellas

toheartheperformer.Sinceitsappearance,TVhashadatremendouseffectonthedailylife

ofpeopleeverywhere.

Improvementsofallkindsareconstantlybeingmadeintelevisionsothatreceptionwill

beasclosetoperfectaspossible.Perhapsthemostrecentadvancementofsignificancehas

been"Telstar11.Thespecially-equippedspacecapsule,orbitingtheglobe,makeitpossiblefor

theentireworldtobecloserthaneverbefore.NowafamilyinManchestercanwatchonTV

afootballmatchinFrance,askitournamentinNorway,oraparadeinJapanastheseevents

areactuallyhappening.

練習(xí)：

1.Paragraph1.

2.Paragraph2.

3.Paragraph4.

A)ThepopularityradioandTVinBritain

B)Theinventionoftheradio

C)ThelatestdevelopmentofTV

D)Theimportanceoftheradio

4.Intoday'sworldradioandTVhavebecome.

5.Peoplemakeconstanteffortstoimprove.

6.Atelstarisasatellitethat.

7.Withthehelpofthetelsar,eventscanbereportedtolistenersandviewersandalmost

A)atthesametimeastheyoccur

B)abasicnecessityoflife

C)sendsoutsignalsallthetime

D)travelsaroundtheglobe

E)thereceptionoftheirTVsets

Keys:ADCBEDA

StanfordUniversity

StanfordUniversity,famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia'sseveralinstitutionsofhigher

learning,issometimescalled"theHarvardoftheWest."TheclosenessofStanfordtoSan

Francisco,acitythirty-twomilestothenorth,givestheuniversityadecidedlycosmopolitan

flavor.

ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedState.Butmostofthefifty

statessendstudentstoStanford,andmanyforeignstudentsstudyhere,aswell.And

standardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoenterthe

universityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.

Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliberofitsstudentsbutalsobecauseofthe

desirablelocationandclimate,Stanfordhasattractedtoitsfacultysomeoftheworld'smost

respectedscholars.TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelPrizewinnerssuchasDr.

FelixBloch,Dr.RobertHofstadter,andDr.WilliamShockleyinphysics,Dr.AuthorKornberg

andDr.JoshuaLederberginmedicine,andDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.

TheRussiannovelistAleksanderSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford's

undergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusiness,law,andmedicine

areespeciallywell-regarded.

Whatisstudentlifelikeon"TheFarm'1?Culturally,thecampusisamagnetforboth

studentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Plays,concerts,andoperasareperformedin

theuniversity'sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheater,wheregraduationsarealso

held.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublic

andacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Intheevenings,manystudentsgatherto

socializeintheStudentUnion'scoffeehouse;herethebeveragesantheatmosphereboth

haveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-minded,theStanfordcampusofferhighly

developedathleticfacilities.Teamsports,swimming,andtrackandfieldactivityareallvery

muchpartoftheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.

Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni,Stanfordreceivesgrantsfromthe

governmentandfromprivatephilanthropicfoundations.Inrecentyears,governmentgrants

havemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistory,psychology,education,and

atomicenergy.AtpresentsStanfordiscarryingoutanambitionsbuildingprogram,financed

inpartbytheFordFoundation's25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanew

physicsbuilding,newschoolofbusiness,newgraduateschooloflaw,newstudentunion,and

undergraduatelibrary.

EXERCISE:

1.Paragraph2

2.Paragraph3

3.Paragraph4

4.Paragraph5

AColorfullifeonthecampus

BIntelligentstudentbody

CSchooladministration

DDistinguishedfaculty

ESubstantialfinancialsupport

FTheHarvardofthewest

1.Paragraph1

2.Paragraph3

3.Paragraph4

4.Paragraph6

5.ThosehighschoolgraduateswhocanenterStanfordUniversity.

6.Manyprofessorsliketoteachinthisuniversitypartlybecausehere____.

7.Onthefacultyoftheuniversitythereare.

8.Financialsupportfrombothprivateorganizationsandthegovernmenthasmade

possible.

Atheycanfindthebeststudents

Btheuniversity'sacademicadvancementandphysicalextension

Csomeofthemostdistinguishedscholarsoftheworld

Dwhereasportsmeetisheldeveryyear

Emusthavebeenthetopstudentsintheirclass

Fmustbehardworking

KEY:BDAEEACB

Singapore

1Singaporeisanindependentcity-stateinsoutheasternAsia,consistingofonemajor

island-theSingaporeisland-andmorethan50smallislands,locatedoffthesoutherntipof

Malay.ThecityofSingapore,thecapitalofthecountry,isatthesoutheasternendofthe

SingaporeIsland;itisoneofthemostimportantportcitiesandcommercialcentersof

SoutheastAsia.Thetotalareaoftherepublicis640sq.km.

2Low-lyingSingaporeIslandhasnooutstandingrelief（輪廓鮮明的）features.Acentral

areaofhillsrisestothemaximumheightof176m.Thecountryhasawettropicalclimate,

withanaverageannualtemperatureof27.20℃.Theaverageannualrainfallis2.413mm,

thewettestmonthsareNovemberthroughJanuary.

3Singaporeisgovernedunderaconstitutionof1959.Apresident,electedtoafour-year

term,isheadofstate,andaprimeministerisheadofgovernment.Thepresidentusedtobe

selectedbyParliament,butby1991constitutionalamendment（修正案），thepresidentisnow

electeddirectlybythepeople.TheParliamentisthelaw-makingbodywithits81members

popularlyelected.

4Inthelate1980sthecountryhadsome290primaryschoolswith278,300pupilsand

160secondaryschoolswith200,200students.Themaininstitutionofhighereducationare

theNationalUniversityofSingapore,severaltechnicalcolleges,andateacherscollege.

5SingaporehasoneofthehigheststandardsoflivingofanycountryinAsia.Inthelate

1980sthegrossdomesticproductwasestimatedat$23.7billion,or$8,870perperson.The

fishingindustryiscenteredontheportofDuring,onsouthwesternSingaporeIsland.

Industryhasgrownrapidlysincethe1960s,andSingaporenowproducesadiversity（多樣化

的）ofgoods,includingchemicals,electronicitems,clothing,andprocessedfoods,etc.

Shipbuildingandpetroleumrefiningarealsoimportant.

1.Paragraph2___

2.Paragraph3___

3.Paragraph4___

4.Paragraph5___

AEducation

BLandandclimate

CStatesystem

DNaturalresources

EEconomy

FPopulation

5.SingaporeisasmallstateinthesoutheastofAsia.

6.AccordingtotheconstitutionofSingapore,thepresidentofthestateisselected

7.ComparedwithpeopleinotherAsiancountries,theSingapore___.

8.Thoughsmall,Singaporehasanindustryofitsownandcan___.

Aliveabetterlife

Bmadeupofmorethan50islands

Chavemorefarmland

DnotbytheParliament,butbythepeople

Eproducegoodsofvariouskinds

Fhaveabigpopulation

Keys:BCAEBDAE

Paris

Paris,thecapitalandthelargestcityofthecountry,isinnorthcentralFrance.TheParis

metropolitanareacontainsnearly20%ofthenation'spopulationandistheeconomic,

cultural,andpoliticalcenterofFrance.TheFrenchgovernmentshavehistoricallyfavoredthe

cityasthesiteforalldecisionmaking,thuspowerfullyattractingnearlyallofthenation's

activities.

Parishasgrownsteadilysinceitwaschosenasthenationalcapitalinthelate1Oth

century.WiththeintroductionoftheIndustrialRevolution,agreatnumberofpeoplemoved

tothecityfromthecountryduringthe19thcentury.Themigrationwasespeciallystimulated

bytheconstructionofrailroads,whichprovidedeasyaccesstothecapital.AfterWorldWarII

moreandmoreimmigrantsarrived.

Thecityisthecentralizedcontrolpointofmostnationalradioandtelevisionbroadcasting.

Itisaplaceofpublicationofthemostprestigiousnewspapersandmagazinesandan

internationalbookpublishingcenter.Withmorethan100museums,Parishastrulybeenone

ofthegreatestconcentrationsofarttreasuresintheworld.TheLouver,openedasamuseum

in1793,isoneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.

Inthelate1980sabout4.1millionpupilsannuallyattendedabout47,000elementary

schools.Inaddition,about5.4millionstudentsattendedsome11,200secondaryschools.

Approximately1.2millionstudentswereenrolledannuallyatuniversitiesandcollegesin

Franceinthelate1980s.Frenchcentersoflearninghaveservedasacademicmodels

throughouttheworld.

ParisistheleadingindustrialcenterofFrance,withaboutonequarterofthenation's

manufacturingconcentratedinthemetropolitanarea.Industriesofconsumergoodshave

alwaysbeedrawntoParisbytheenormousmarketofthebigpopulation,andmodern,

high-technologyindustriesalsohavebecomenumeroussinceWorldWar11.Chief

manufacturesaremachinery,automobiles,chemicalsandelectricalequipment.

練習(xí)

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraphs.

3.Paragraph4.

4.Paragraphs.

AHistoryofthecity

BIndustriesofthecity

CPopulationgrown

DEducation

ECulturalcenter

FImmigration

5.Parishasinhistorybeenthecenterof.

6.Sincethe10thcentury,thepopulationofParis.

7.Manyvaluableworksofart.

8.ParisisnotonlythecenterofeducationofFrance,butalsothecenter.

AcanbefoundinParis

Bthemajoreventsofthenation

Cofthecountry'sindustries

Dalotofcinemasandtheaters

Ehasbeengrowingsteadily

Fhasbeendecreasingrapidly

Key:CEDBBEAC

AdultEducation

Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadult

education.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheir

experienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichtheymissedinearlier

schooling,getnewskillsorjobtraining,findoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopments,seek

betterself-understanding,ordevelopnewtalentsandskills.

Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidancethrough