2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版語法專題第1講　冠詞

2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版語法專題第1講冠詞MyfriendLindaisanhonestgirl①studyinginauniversity①.Weareofanage②，andwebothdrinkacupofmilk③aday④.Sowethinkacow⑤isveryuseful.[規(guī)則感悟]不定冠詞的用法①表示泛指“某個”。當(dāng)說話人第一次提及某人、某物時通常用不定冠詞；在發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前用a，在發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的單詞前用an。②表示“同一，相同”。③表示“一”這個數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈。④表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于per/each/every。⑤表示“一類”事物。1．不定冠詞a/an用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“再一，又一”。Hemissesthegoldmedalinthehighjump，buthewillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌，但是在跳遠比賽中他還有機會。2．不定冠詞a/an表示“某一個”，相當(dāng)于some/acertain。AMrWhitewithsomebigbagsiswaitingtoseeyouattheschoolgate.一位拿著幾個大袋子的懷特先生正在學(xué)校門口等著見你。3．不定冠詞與物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞連用。抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞在表示“概念”時，其前常用零冠詞；但在表示具體的人或事物時變成了可數(shù)名詞，需要與不定冠詞連用，表示“一個、一種、一場、一陣”等。具有此用法的名詞有物質(zhì)名詞——rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名詞——success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。Afterwepreparedalltheequipmentforanoutdoorphotography，suddenlyaheavyraincame.我們?yōu)閼敉鈹z影準(zhǔn)備好所有設(shè)備后，突然下起了大雨。Tonyisafamouspianist.I’mabsolutelycertainthathisconcertthisSundaywillbeasuccess.托尼是一位著名的鋼琴家。我十分確信這個星期天他的音樂會一定會成功。4．有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of時，前面需要用不定冠詞。如：haveaknowledgeof...“了解……”；haveagoodunderstandingof...“對……有很好的了解”。Onlybyreadingthelatestissueofthismagazinecanyouhaveaknowledgeoftheastronauts’lifeinspace.只有讀了這本雜志的最新一期，你才能了解宇航員在太空的生活。5．“a＋most＋形容詞”表示“很……，非?！保琺ost在此不表示最高級含義，相當(dāng)于very，而“the＋most＋多音節(jié)形容詞”為多音節(jié)形容詞的最高級形式，表示“最……”。Foragreatmanymenandwomen，romancecanbeamostimportantpartofmarriage.對許多男人和女人來說，愛情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。ItisoneofthemostoriginalworksofimaginationintheEnglishlanguage.它是英語中最具原創(chuàng)性的想象作品之一。6．不定冠詞常見的固定搭配。haveagiftfor有……的天賦getalift/ride搭便車payavisitto參觀lendsbahand幫助某人asaresult因此atadistance離一段距離awasteof……的浪費be/goonadiet節(jié)食makealiving謀生asamatteroffact事實上inasense/way在某種意義上allofasudden突然對點練習(xí)1．InChineseculture，eachyearisrelatedto____________Chineseanimalaccordingtothe12-yearcycle.2．Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass，butalsohas____________excellentsenseofhumour.3．HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmilefor____________longtime.4．Onethingwecandotohelpsolvethisproblemiswalkoruse________________bicyclewhenpossible.MrSmithisateacherfromtheUnitedStates①.Hewasthefirst②foreignteacherIhadmet.Inthe1990s③，heandhiswifeweretravelingalongtheYangtzeRiver④whenashipwaswrecked.TheSmiths⑤cameuptohelptheinjured⑥andsavedaboybycatchinghimbythearm⑦.Theboy’sparentssaidtheywerethekindest⑧peopleintheworld⑨.Theywouldrememberthecouple⑩forever.[規(guī)則感悟]定冠詞的用法①用于普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。②用于序數(shù)詞之前。③用在朝代、世紀(jì)前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、島前。⑤用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻倆”。⑥用在形容詞或分詞前，表示某一類人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表動作的詞)＋sb＋介詞＋the＋身體部位。⑧用于形容詞或副詞的最高級前。⑨用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。⑩特指上文已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。1．被演奏的西洋樂器前用the，但是球類、棋類之前卻沒有冠詞。AsfarasIknow，helikesplayingthepianobutdoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.據(jù)我所知，他喜歡彈鋼琴卻不喜歡踢足球。2．用在表計量的名詞前，如bythehour，bytheday，bythedozen，bythemeter等。但是如果是在抽象名詞前，則不用冠詞，如：byweight，bytime，bylength，bysize等。Igotpaidbytime.Tobeexact，Igotpaidbythehour.我按時間拿報酬，確切地說，我是按小時拿錢。3．定冠詞的常見固定搭配：atthemoment此刻；目前intheend最后，最終totellthetruth說實話ontheotherhand另一方面bytheway順便說一下inthemiddleof在……中間atthesametime同時onthecontrary相反onthewhole總的來說inthedistance在遠處tothepoint中肯；切題makethemost/bestof充分利用對點練習(xí)1．Shestayedupuntileleventhirtyoneeveningonpurposejusttosee____________moonlight.2．RobertBruce，leaderoftheScotsin____________13thcentury，washidinginacavefromtheEnglishthen.3．Smokingisoneof____________biggestcausesofpreventabledeathsinEngland.4．____________Greensareahappycouple；theyhavebeenmarriedfor30years.5．____________injuredhavebeensenttohospitalwheretheywillbetreated.Whenlearningthatteachers①arebadlyneededinremotedistricts①，Lilyvolunteeredtoteachinaremoteplace.Localpeoplehavemadeherheadmaster②oftheschoolsinceherarrivalandsheteachesChinese③，maths③，andEnglish③herselffromspringtowinter④andfromMondaytoSunday④.Onweekends，sheteachesherstudents⑤toplayvolleyballandchess⑥.Whenshefindsmanychildrenattendingschoolwithouthavinglunch⑦，sheraisesmoney①forthechildren’smeals.[規(guī)則感悟]常用零冠詞的幾種情況①表泛指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前。②表示獨一無二的頭銜和職位的名詞作表語、同位語或補足語時。③表示語言、學(xué)科的名詞前不用冠詞。④季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期、節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。⑤名詞前已有this，that，my，her，some，each等限定詞時不再用冠詞。⑥表示球類運動、棋類游戲的名詞前不用冠詞。⑦一日三餐前一般不加冠詞。1．用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的零冠詞?！傲愎谠~＋單數(shù)名詞＋as/though＋主語＋謂語，主句”，意為“雖然……但是……”。Youngmanasheis，hehasseenmuchoftheworld.盡管他很年輕，但他閱歷很豐富。2．no與such連用時放在such之前，而such后的名詞前不用冠詞。Asthesayinggoes，thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Ifyouwantsomething，goandearnit.俗話說，天下沒有免費的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去掙。3．零冠詞的常見固定搭配。onpurpose故意地 bychance碰巧catchfire著火 atdawn在黎明facetoface面對面 outofdate過時的makeroomfor給……讓位 indebt負債inshape狀況良好 onfoot步行indanger在危險中 sidebyside肩并肩fromtimetotime不時地 handinhand手拉手dayafterday日復(fù)一日地 heartandsoul全心全意地1．Whileyou’reinChina，MountHuangshanis____________musttovisit！(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)2．Notthepandas，eventhough____________languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)第2講代詞I①amaseniorhighschoolstudentandI①wanttojoinour②schoolfootballteam，butthepersoninchargehasrejectedme③.Ihavetospendmy②sparetimepracticingfootballtoimprovemyself④.Look!Thefootballunderthebedismine⑤.Ithasbeenwornout.[規(guī)則感悟]①為人稱代詞的主格形式作主語。②為形容詞性物主代詞，放在名詞之前作定語。③為人稱代詞的賓格形式作賓語。④為反身代詞，可作賓語、表語或同位語。⑤為名詞性物主代詞，后面不加名詞，可作主語、賓語或表語。(一)代詞的形式人稱代詞物主代詞類別主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人稱youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves(二)反身代詞的習(xí)慣用法與介詞搭配byoneself獨自地foroneself親自；為自己ofoneself自動地inoneself本質(zhì)上；本身與動詞搭配applyoneselfto專心致志于behaveoneself舉止得體；行為檢點dressoneself打扮；自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于；獻身于helponeselfto隨便吃/用enjoyoneself玩得開心seatoneself就座；入席makeyourselfathome別客氣teachoneself自學(xué)(三)it的用法1．指天氣、時間、距離、環(huán)境等。Itisearlyspring，butitisalreadyveryhot.現(xiàn)在是初春，但是天氣已經(jīng)很熱了。Itistwentymilesfromheretothevillage.從這里到那個村莊有20英里路。2．代替前面提過的事物、群體、想法等或代替指示代詞。Althoughhedoesn’tlikeit，Idecidetoseethemovieanyway.盡管他不喜歡看這部電影，但我還是決定去看一看。3．指不知性別的孩子和嬰兒或不明確的人(由于某種原因而不知對方是誰)。Whatwillyoucallitifitisaboy?要是男孩的話，你會給他取個什么名字？4．用作形式主語或形式賓語，代替不定式、動名詞或從句。(1)it作形式主語的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/ofsb＋不定式ItisimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.對學(xué)生來說學(xué)好英語是重要的。Itwasfoolishofhimtoleavethedooropenafterhelefttheoffice.他離開辦公室之后沒關(guān)門，真是糊涂了。②Itisnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.做某事是沒有好處/用處的。Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.為打翻的牛奶而哭泣是沒有用處的。(覆水難收。)③It＋be＋名詞詞組(apity/afact/nowonder...)/adj.＋that從句Itisapitythatyoucan’tgowithher.很遺憾你不能和她一起去。④It＋特殊動詞(短語)(seem/appear/turnout/occurtosb...)＋that從句Itseemsthathehasmadeaseriousmistake.他似乎犯了一個嚴重的錯誤。⑤It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.據(jù)報道有20人死于這次地震。⑥Ittakessbtime/patience/effort/energytodosthIttookhimmuchenergytowritethenovel.寫這部小說耗費了他大量的精力。(2)it作形式賓語的常用句型：主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb)todosth/賓語從句IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.我發(fā)現(xiàn)同吉姆相處很容易。Hedidn’tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他沒說清楚何時何地舉行會議。(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示“喜歡、憎惡”等情感的動詞以及dependon/upon，seeto等動詞短語后，再接when，if，that等引導(dǎo)的從句。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.如果您能參加我們的聚會，我將不勝感激。5．it的常用短語或句型。(1)WhenitcomestolearningEnglish，readingwidelyisofgreatimportance.當(dāng)談到學(xué)習(xí)英語，廣泛閱讀很重要。(2)Ican’thelpitifheisalwayscomplaining.若他總是抱怨，我也沒辦法。(3)Wefinallymadeittotheairportthoughitwasrainy.盡管下雨了，但是我們最終及時趕到了機場。(4)Assomeoneputsit，practicemakesperfect.正如某人所說，熟能生巧。(5)Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewiththemanager.我想你不同意經(jīng)理的意見。(6)Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他參軍已經(jīng)三年了。(7)Itwasthreeyearsbeforehereturnedhome.過了三年他才回家。對點練習(xí)1．Helivesaveryregularlife，studyingeverydayandneverallowing____________(he)tofallbehindinhisschoolwork.2．Whentoldthatitwasalosstohumans，thefarmersburstintolaughterandresponded，“Ourreallossis____________(we)decreasingincome.”3．Whilemakingachoicefromvariouswaysofspendingourtime，weoughttoensuresomethingthatrestoresourlostenergyandcheers____________(we)up.4．Ihavemade____________clearthatIwillnotacceptthisjob.5．Givenhope，Iamconvincedthatabreakthroughcancomeatanyageifwehavefaithinourselvesandkeeplearningandworkingfor____________________________________.6．Thereisaknockonthedoor.____________mightbethepostman.1．a(chǎn)ll/every/both/each/neither/noneThereare50studentsinmyclass.Thoughnotall①ofusarestudyingwell，weall①studyhard.Everystudent②hasadreamuniversity，thoughnoteverystudent②canbeadmittedtoafamousone.MydeskmateandIboth③likemusic，butbothofusdon’t③wanttoenteramusicacademy.Each④ofushaschosenourfuturecollege.Wehave14teachersinall，none⑤ofwhomtreatusbadly.However，mydeskmateandIareboth③fat，soneither⑥ofuslovePEclasses.[規(guī)則感悟]①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主語時，謂語動詞通常依據(jù)所指為可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞而定；與not連用表示部分否定。②every強調(diào)(整體中的)每一個，只能作定語，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一個”，與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定。③both表示“兩者(都)”。作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；與not連用表示部分否定，意為“兩者并不都……”。④each強調(diào)個體，可作代詞和形容詞，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個”，可以與of短語連用。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；作同位語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)和主語保持一致。⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)無一個”或“沒有一點兒”。后接of短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。⑥neither表示“(兩者)都不”。單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；后接of短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。2．a(chǎn)nything/nothing/something/everything—Doyouhaveanything①tosayaboutyourexam?—No，Ihavenothing②tosayaboutit.—Ihopeyoucansharesomething③specialaboutyourschool.—IhavetoldyouthatIdon’thaveanything①tosayaboutit.Everything④hasgonewrong.[規(guī)則感悟]①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”時，用于否定句和疑問句中；表示“隨便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nothing表示“什么也沒有”，用于否定句中。③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，強調(diào)全體，但謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。3．theother，another，others與theothers—Excuseme.CanyouexchangethisT-shirtforanother①one?Someothers②sayitdoesn’tfitmewell.—Ofcourse.ThisT-shirtcomesintwosizes；youcantryontheother③one.—Don’tbother.TherearesomanyshopsandIwillgototheothers④.[規(guī)則感悟]①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。②others表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some連用。③theother可單獨使用，特指兩者中的“另一個”或兩部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”時用theothers。4．替代詞that，those，one，ones，theone，theonesIfoundabeautifulcoatinashop，butitwasveryexpensive.Luckily，Ifoundone①lookingthesameonlineanditwasmuchcheaperthanthat②/theone③inthephysicalshop.However，whenIreceivedthecoat，Irealizedthoughtheones④soldonlineweremuchcheaper，theywerenotasgoodasthose⑤inphysicalshops.Iwouldratherspendmoremoneyonbetterones⑥ofhighquality.[規(guī)則感悟]①one替代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“a/an＋單數(shù)名詞”。②that替代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”。③theone替代特指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞”。④theones替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。⑤those替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時)，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。⑥ones替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。所替代名詞都是同類不同物；同類同物替代用it/them。1.another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基數(shù)詞/few＋other＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。Anotherthreestudentswenttothatparty.＝Threeotherstudentswenttothatparty.另外3個學(xué)生去了那個聚會。2．noone，none，nobody，nothing以及“no與名詞連用”等都表示全部否定。當(dāng)not與不定代詞all，both，everyone，everybody，everything等或“every＋名詞”連用時，不管not在它們之前還是之后，都表示部分否定。Noneofuswasgoingtotheparty.我們當(dāng)中沒人打算去參加那個聚會。Notallofthemsmoke.＝Allofthemdon’tsmoke.他們當(dāng)中不是所有人都吸煙。對點練習(xí)1．Successisjustonthe____________side.Youhavetowantitenough，andbewillingenoughtogetit.2．Manysinglessaytheregulardatingscenehasjustledthemfromonebadexperienceto__________andarereadytotrysomethingelse.3．Nobodylikestotalkaboutdeath，buttherealityis—everyoneisgoingtodieatonepoint，but____________ofusknowtheday，orthehour.4．Bothteamswereinhardtraining；____________waswillingtolosethegame.5．MrZhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent，____________thatIhaveneverseen.1．Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin____________(I)．(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)2．Nanxiangaside，thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin，allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyof________(they)contents.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)3．Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.Shewasextremelypretty，andherhousewasareflectionof____________(she)，everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021·浙江6月)4．ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap____________canbetoeatout.第3講介詞1．表示方位的介詞Wewalkedacross①thebeach，through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse，wefoundasmallblacktable，over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying，“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof?it.”From?thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond?asmallhill.[規(guī)則感悟]①across指從較為平坦的表面穿過。②through指從立體的事物中間穿過。③to指“到某處，去某處”。④under在……下面，無接觸面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(無接觸面)；on在……上面(有接觸面)。⑧around在/向……周圍。⑨beneath在……下面(有接觸面)。⑩beside在……旁邊。?outof向/在……外面。?from從……。?beyond在/向……較遠的一邊，超出。2．表示時間的介詞Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2021.Myparentslefthomeat③6：00amtomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackin②twohours.However，itwasn’tlongbefore④someoneknockedatthedoor，andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside，anddidn’topenituntil⑤myparentscameback.During⑥thetwohours，thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn’tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents，thestrangersaid，“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑦twohourssince6：10am.”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑧theyears?[規(guī)則感悟]①on指在具體的某一天。②in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)等大時間之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段時間的詞之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在幾點鐘或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……時候。⑥during在……期間。⑦for表示延續(xù)一段時間。⑧over表示“在……期間”，表延續(xù)。3．表示原因的介詞Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John’sbadbehaviour.[規(guī)則感悟]①for表示原因，后面可以跟名詞(詞組)或動名詞。②at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后，后面跟代詞或名詞(詞組)。③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不跟陳述句，跟名詞(短語)/名詞性從句。4．其他重要介詞Between①thetwoopinions，Iamfor②thefirstonebutagainst③thesecondone.By④wearingschooluniforms，studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespite⑤thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑥them.Besides⑦，thepriceiswithin⑧students’reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.[規(guī)則感悟]①between表示“兩者之間”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反對”。④by表示“借助/通過……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“盡管”，等于inspiteof。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(還)”。⑧within表示“在……范圍之內(nèi)”。⑨except表示同類事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示與整體陳述相對的細節(jié)修補。一、介詞的省略1．當(dāng)表示時間的詞前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等時，介詞常省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.上周我們觀看了一場激動人心的足球賽。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天來就哪天來。2．表示時間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作“每一……”講時，其前不用介詞。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天一個蘋果，醫(yī)生遠離我。3．習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的省略。一些常和動詞、名詞或形容詞搭配使用的介詞常可省略，常見的此類搭配有spendsometime(in)doingsth，wastesometime(in)doingsth，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth，bebusy(in)doingsth，stop/preventsb(from)doingsth等。FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepalthoughIhadgreatdifficulty(in)wakinghimup.弗蘭克堅持說自己沒有睡覺，雖然我叫醒他費了好大勁。二、介詞不可省略的問題1．在被動語態(tài)中，動詞短語中的介詞不能省略。Thechildrenhavebeentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.這些孩子在幼兒園里得到了很好的照顧。2．當(dāng)非謂語動詞表示被動意義時，相關(guān)介詞也不可省略。Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.這個問題很值得關(guān)注。3．在定語從句中，當(dāng)從句的謂語和先行詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系且從句謂語為不及物動詞時，必須加上介詞。Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.我們常去的那個圖書館距離我們學(xué)校不遠。三、介詞短語1．介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭配：(1)at＋名詞ataloss不知所措atthecostof以……的代價atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)attheriskof冒……的危險atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)atthemercyof在……支配下；由……擺布atthesametime同時(2)on＋名詞onexhibition/show/display在展出onaccountof因為onfire著火onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售；打折onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition決不onthedecrease/increase在減少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假(3)by＋名詞byaccident/chance偶然地byhand手工bymistake錯誤地bytheday按天算bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地(4)in＋名詞incash用現(xiàn)金付款inchargeof掌管indepth在深度上inreturn作為回報indetail詳細地indanger(of)在危險中，垂危inheight在高度上inspiteof盡管inlength在長度上inexchangefor作為交換infavorof支持，贊成innotime立刻incaseof萬一；如果；假使innoway決不insupportof為支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof為向……表示敬意inpossessionof擁有，占有inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……inadditionto另外(5)of＋名詞ofbenefit有益處的ofsignificance有意義的ofhelp有幫助的ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的ofvalue有價值的(6)outof＋名詞outofbalance失去平衡outoforder發(fā)生故障outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofsight看不見outofcontrol失去控制outofthequestion不可能outofdate過期outofwork失業(yè)outoftouch失去聯(lián)系(7)under＋名詞underattack遭到襲擊undertreatment在治療中underpressure在壓力下undercontrol處于控制之中underrepair在修理中underdiscussion在討論中(8)with＋名詞withdelight/joy高興地withfear害怕地withdifficulty困難地withpleasure樂意地withease輕而易舉地(9)beyond＋名詞beyondcompare無與倫比beyonddescription難以描述beyondreach夠不到beyondexpression/words難以表達2．形容詞與介詞構(gòu)成的搭配：(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout為……憂慮becuriousabout對……好奇beparticularabout對……講究/挑剔beworried/concernedabout對……擔(dān)心(2)be＋adj.＋atbeangryat因/對……生氣begoodat擅長beastonishedat對……吃驚bepresentat出席(3)be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin專注于……beactivein積極于……bedressedin穿著……beengagedin忙于……berichin富含……beoccupiedin忙于……(4)be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor渴望……befamousfor因……著名befitfor適合，勝任……bereadyfor準(zhǔn)備好……besorryfor對……感到抱歉bepreparedfor為……做好準(zhǔn)備(5)be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于befarfrom遠離befreefrom不受……影響(6)be＋adj.＋tobecloseto接近……bedevotedto致力于……beequalto等于……；勝任……befamiliarto對……熟悉befriendlyto對……友好beharmfulto對……有害bekindto對……友好besimilarto與……相似begratefulto對……心存感激(7)be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof意識到……befondof喜歡……beproudof因……而自豪beshortof缺乏……becriticalof對……挑剔(8)be＋adj.＋withbebusywith忙于……befamiliarwith對……熟悉becombinedwith與……結(jié)合bepatientwith對……有耐心bepopularwith受……歡迎bepleasedwith對……感到滿意beangrywith(sb)對(某人)生氣3．介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配：butfor要不是insteadof代替regardlessof不管，不顧apartfrom除……之外upto直到；由……決定accordingto根據(jù)alongwith隨著togetherwith連同bymeansof用……辦法；借助……owingto因為四、動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的搭配1．“動詞＋sb＋of＋sth”結(jié)構(gòu)accusesbofsth指責(zé)/控告某人某事curesbofsth治好某人的某種疾病ridsbofsth使某人擺脫某物cheatsbofsth騙走某人某物remindsbofsth使某人想起某事informsbofsth通知某人某事robsbofsth搶劫某人某物warnsbofsth警告某人某事convincesbofsth使某人確信某事suspectsbofsth懷疑某人某事2．“動詞＋sb＋for＋doingsth”結(jié)構(gòu)blamesbfordoingsth指責(zé)某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(scoldsbfordoingsth,criticizesbfordoingsth))批評某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgivesbfordoingsth,excusesbfordoingsth,pardonsbfordoingsth))原諒某人做某事punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而懲罰某人thanksbfordoingsth感謝某人做某事3．“動詞＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing)sth”結(jié)構(gòu)prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止某人/物做某事protect/preserve/defend/sheltersb/sthfrombeingdone保護某人/物免于被……ban/prohibitsb/sthfromdoingsth禁止某人/物做某事4．其他常考的動詞與介詞的搭配accountfor占……(比例)；解釋……(原因)actas充當(dāng)；起作用breakawayfrom脫離；逃離bringabout引起；導(dǎo)致；造成callfor(去)接；需要；(公開)要求carryout履行；實施；執(zhí)行carrythrough幫助……渡過難關(guān)；成功完成；順利實現(xiàn)comeacross(偶然)遇見，碰見；發(fā)現(xiàn)cometoanend終止，結(jié)束comeupwith提出doharmto對……有害dowithout沒有……也行；沒有……而設(shè)法對付過去endupwith以……結(jié)束getacross被傳達；被理解；把……講清楚getaround傳播；流傳；各處走動getdownto開始做某事；開始認真注意(或?qū)Υ?某事getover解決；克服；控制getridof除去，去掉；免除，擺脫getthrough正式通過；(用電話)接通，聯(lián)系上；順利通過(考試等)giveriseto使發(fā)生givewayto屈服；退讓；讓步goagainst違反；與……不符goinfor參加考試(或競賽)；對某事物有興趣，愛好gothrough經(jīng)歷keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系lookdownon/upon輕視；瞧不起lookinto調(diào)查；審查makethebestof充分利用；盡力而為bemadeupof由……組成putupwith忍受，容忍seethrough看穿；識破seeto照料；處理setabout著手做showaround/round領(lǐng)(某人)參觀showoff炫耀；展示takein吸入；理解，領(lǐng)會takeon承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)，具有workout計算出；制定出對點練習(xí)1．Shepattedhim____________theheadandsaid，“Mylittleboy，doyoufeelmorecomfortablenowthanbefore？”2．Ifyoucouldexchangelives____________someoneforashorttime，wouldyouliketodothat?3．Asaresult，hespendshislifeinawheelchairandcannotwrite____________meansofapenorpencil.4．Butwildlifetodaydisappearsoris____________dangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.5．Manytimeswedon’trealizehowroutineourliveshavebecomeandhowmuchwetakethem____________granteduntilwefindourselvesinanewsituation.6．Theteacherpaused____________purposetoremindthestudentstostoptalking.1．Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017，averageruralBMIincreased____________2.1inwomenandmen.(2021·浙江1月)2．Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety，andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility____________savingtheirenvironment.(2023·全國甲)3．Sometimeafter10000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived__________，throughagriculture.(2020·浙江7月)層級一基礎(chǔ)達標(biāo)練單句語法填空1．—WehadareallydampSeptemberthisyear.—Ican’tremember____________autumnwhenitrainedsomuch.2．Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasprobablybecauseofthefactthatshesatin________________lastrow.3．Among____________“fournewgreatinventions”，onlineshoppingwasinventedandpioneeredbyMichaelAldrichintheU．K.in1979.4．“Assoonasheopens____________(he)mouthandsingsinChinese，theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.5．Butit’sdifficultformetodecidewhatactivitiesweshouldorganizeandhowtoplan____________(they)．6．IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookafter____________(I)andliveindependently.7．Whentheygrowolderthanthreeyearsold，____________iseasierforgirlstocatchcoldsthanboys.8．Pregnantwomen，forexample，shouldlimit____________(they)intakeofcoffee.9．Thisyoungmanlikestravelling—heisalways____________themove.10．Itmeansthatwecannotusesomemodernhouseholditems，____________washingmachinesbecausetheyusetoomuchwater.層級二高考真題練單句語法填空1．Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity，theSummerPalace，andtheTempleofHeaven，thehutongsreflect____________cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.(2023·浙江1月)2．ThankstoBeijing’slonghistory____________capitalofChina，almosteveryhutonghasitsstories.(2023·浙江1月)3．FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutong____________royalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout.(2023·全國乙)4．There，you’llfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup，andthewrappersarepressed____________handratherthanrolled.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)5．Themeatshouldbefreshwith____________touchofsweetness，andthesurroundingsouphot，clearanddelicious.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)6．Thetactile(可觸知的)paintingsworkasawaytorevealartto____________blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustoureyes：Weseewithourbrains.(2022·浙江6月)7．May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay，whichwasnamedofficially____________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.(2022·全國乙)8．TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony，opening__________(it)firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.(2022·全國乙)9．Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes____________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)10．AlthoughMarylovedflowers，____________shenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.(2021·浙江6月)層級三語篇提能練語法填空(2022·浙江1月改編)KimCobb,1.____________professorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicswhoarecuttingbackon2.____________(they)airtravelbecause3.____________climatechange.Travellingtoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewedasimportant4.____________scie