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Parallelism
平行構(gòu)造
Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseup...Ihaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsof…IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi…Ihaveadream….Ihaveadreamtoday…Ihaveadreamthatoneday…Ihaveadreamtoday…Ihavedreamthatoneday…-Dr.MartinLutherKing--IhaveadreamGeneralFunctionmake
the
speech
effective
and
forceful
make
the
speech
clear
and
logical
make
the
speech
more
rhythmical
and
emotional
ContentofparallelismDefinitionUsagesFunctioncontractDefinitionA
parallelism
is
a
figure
of
speech
that
uses
similar
structures
in
separate
sentences
to
express
related
ideas
and
with
which
the
sentence
is
emphatic
and
forceful.
In
parallel
structure
it
is
necessary
to
balance
word
for
word,
phrase
for
phrase,
clause
for
clause
and
sentence
for
sentence.平行構(gòu)造就是把構(gòu)造相同、意義并重、語(yǔ)氣一致旳詞或詞組或句子排列成串,形成一種整體。其特點(diǎn)是:構(gòu)造上整齊勻稱,讀起來(lái)鏗鏘有力Parallelism,byclarifyingtherelationshipbetweenawriter’sideas,orbetweenpartsofasingleidea,hasarhetoricaleffect.Itisthecomponentofliterarystyle,inwhichcoordinatesingleideasarearrangedinphrases,sentences,andparagraphsthatbalanceoneelementwithanotherofequalimportanceandsimilarwording.---------frombookInaparallelconstructionitisnecessarytobalancewordwithword,phrasewithphrase,clausewithclause,sentenceswithsentences.Thatistosay,thegeneralrhetoricalprincipleofparallelismis:similarideasareexpressedbysimilargrammaticalforms.
-------frombookusagesAseriesofwordsAgroupofphrasesArowofclausesAsetofsentencesAseriesofwords
Theywaitedfourhoursattheairport,readingandsleeping.(action)Theyoungactorwastall,dark,andhandsome.Galileostudied,thought,andexperimented.------frombookAn
Englishman
thinks
seated;
a
Frenchman,
standing;
an
American,
pacing;
an
Irishman,
afterward.
(O'
Malley)
英國(guó)人坐著想,法國(guó)人站著想,美國(guó)人走著想,愛(ài)爾蘭人事后想。Agroupofphrases
Shetraveled
byland,bysea,
andbyair.Tosupporthisfamily
andto
puthimselfthroughcollege,
heworkedseveralhoursaday.Buyingacar
andbeginningherjob
werethenextstepsinherlife.------frombookStudies
serve
for
delight,
for
ornament,
and
for
ability.
(Francis
Bacon:
Of
Studies)
讀書(shū)足以怡情,足以博采,足以長(zhǎng)才。Arowofclauses
Ateacherwhospendstimewithhisstudentsandwhothoughtfullyanswerstheirquestionswillberespectedandloved.Ifyouwriteorifyoutelephone,waitfortwoweeksuntilIreturnfromChina.-------frombookAsetofsentences
Thereisnoreasonforustobeenemies.
Neitherofusseekstheterritoryoftheother;neitherofusseeksdominationovertheother;neitherofusseekstostretchoutourhandsandruletheworld.---------frombookWe
will
never
parley.
We
will
never
negotiate
with
Hitler
or
any
of
his
gang.
(W.
S.
Churchill)
我們決不談判,我們決不與希特勒或者他旳任何幫兇協(xié)商。functionParallelismservestobeoneofthemeanstoachievecoherenceinasentencesandoftenresultsinlinguisticbrevity,structuralbalance,andpleasantrhythm.Ifawriterdevelopedthehabitoffrequentlyexpressinghimselfintermsofparallelform,s/hewouldtakeamajorsteptowardproducingeffectiveessays.contractRepetition:It’stheprofitnow,nottheproduct.Halfthetime,wecheat
theforemen,
theforemen
cheatthemanagement,
themanagement
cheats
thecustomer.
A
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