2024-2025學年新教材高中英語Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod1課時素養(yǎng)檢測含解析新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

PAGEUnit1ScienceandScientists課時素養(yǎng)檢測一Unit1Period1Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheadvancementofhumancivilizationispossiblejustbecauseofenormouscontributionmadebyscientists.Theyareoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleoftoday’sworld.Withpracticaladvantagesinengineering,medicineandtechnology,theyhavehelpedustogrowbetterunderstandingabouttheworldanddifferentworkingphenomenonthatgovernsus.Theirnamesarerememberedinthesandsoftimefortheirworkinthewelfareofmankindwithdifferentinventionsthathasmadeourmodernliveseasy.Hereisalistofthefourgreatscientistswe’veeverseenwhochangedtheworld.LouisPasteur(1822～1895)Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies(狂犬病),anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.Healsoinventedtheprocessofpasteurization(加熱殺菌法)tomakemilksafertodrink.Heprobablysavedmorelivesthananyotherperson.OttoHahn(1879～1968)HahnwasaGermanchemistwhodiscoverednuclearfission(裂變)in1939.Hewasapioneeringscientistinthefieldofradio-chemistry,anddiscoveredradioactiveelementsin1921.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1944.NikolaTesla(1856～1943)TeslaworkedonelectromagnetismandACcurrent.Heobtainedaround300patentsworldwideforhisinventionsfromelectricitytoradiotransmission,butmanyinventionsdevelopedbyTeslawerenotputintopatentprotection.Heplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofmodernelectricity.JamesClerkMaxwell(1831～1879)Maxwellmadegreatprogressinunderstandingelectro-magnetism.Hisresearchinelectricityandkineticslaidthefoundationforquantum(量子)physics.EinsteinsaidofMaxwell,“TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.”【語篇概述】本文介紹了四位偉人。四個人都是社會的重要貢獻者,為社會變革做出了巨大的貢獻。1.WhatcontributiondidLouisPasteurmaketosociety?A.Thedevelopmentofmedicine.B.Radio-chemistry.C.Modernelectricity.D.Quantumphysics.【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies,anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.”可知LouisPasteur促進了醫(yī)學的發(fā)展。2.WhowasthoughthighlyofbyEinstein?A.LouisPasteur. B.OttoHahn.C.NikolaTesla. D.JamesClerkMaxwell.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“EinsteinsaidofMaxwell,’TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.’”可知愛因斯坦對JamesClerkMaxwell的評價很高。3.Whatcanweinferaboutthefourpeople?A.Theyaremedicalpioneers.B.TheyareNobelPrizewinners.C.Theyaregreatcontributorstosociety.D.Theyarefoundersofmodernphysics.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,他們四個人都是社會的重要貢獻者,為社會變革做出了巨大的貢獻。BInFrance,thereoncelivedamannamedLouisPasteur,whowasadoctorofscience.Thethingthatconcernedhimmostwasthediseaserabies.“Imustfindtherabiesgerms(細菌)thathideinsidepeopleandmakethemsosickthattheydie,”hethought.“OnceIfindthem,I’llthinkofawaytokillthem.”ManypeoplethoughtPasteurwaswastinghistime.Somelaughedathimandsaid,“You’llneverdoit.”Pasteurdidn’tcarewhatpeoplethought;hebelievedinhimself.Hekeptrightonworking.Atthesametime,inGermany,aboynamedJoeywasabouttogetintotrouble.Hewasteasing(逗弄)adog.Butthisdogwassickwithrabies,whichmadethedogmad.Unfortunately,thedogbithim.TherabiesgermswerepassedfromthedogtoJoey.Soonthelittleboywasverysick.Hisparentscouldonlywait.Butthentherewasnews.Joey’smothersawitandshoutedforjoy.“AdoctorofsciencehasfoundawaytosavesickpeoplelikeJoey!”shesaid.Theman,ofcourse,wasLouisPasteur.Joey’sparentsquicklypreparedJoeyforthelongjourneytoParis.“Dr.Pasteur,”saidthemother.“Ourlittleboyisverysick.Canyouhelpus?”“Perhaps,”saidPasteur.“I’veinventedavaccine(疫苗).Itisstrongenoughtokilltherabiesgerms.Joeywillbethefirstpersontohavemyrabiesvaccine.”“Thefirstperson?”askedJoey’sworriedfathernervously.“Willitbedangerous?Areyousureitwillwork?”“Ibelieveitwill,”saidPasteur.Slowlythevaccinekilledmoreandmoreoftherabiesgerms.Joeybegantogetwell.Dr.Pasteur’svaccinewasasuccess!Fromthenonnoonehadtobeafraidofrabiesanymore,andpeoplewhohadlaughedathimbefore,respectedhim.Heisrecognizedasoneoftheworld’sgreatestscientists.【語篇概述】本文是記敘文,介紹了研制出狂犬疫苗的聞名法國科學家——巴斯德。4.Whatwaspeople’sfirstreactiontowardsPasteur’sthoughtsonkillingrabiesgerms?A.Hopeful. B.Cheerful.C.Doubtful. D.Uncaring.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的內(nèi)容可知,大家對巴斯德想要殲滅狂犬病病毒的事深表懷疑,都認為他做不到。5.WhathappenedtoJoey?A.Hefoughtwithadog.B.Hedroveamaddogaway.C.Hekilledtherabiesgerms.D.Hegotrabiesunexpectedly.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中的“Hewasteasingadog.Butthisdogwassickwithrabies...fromthedogtoJoey.”可知Joey被患有狂犬病的狗咬了,所以他也患上了狂犬病。6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribePasteur?A.Confidentandstrong-minded.B.Carefulandsimple-minded.C.Selflessandhumorous.D.Proudandimaginative.【解析】選A。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容及倒數(shù)其次段中的“Dr.Pasteur’svaccinewasasuccess!”可知巴斯德并沒有在意世俗的看法,他特別自信。在他的堅持努力下他最終勝利研制出了狂犬疫苗。7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.TheamazingstoryofJoey.B.Pasteur’sdeepinterestinscience.C.Thefirstknownpersontosurviverabies.D.Pasteur’ssuccessinfindingatreatmentforrabies.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。依據(jù)巴斯德下定決心研制狂犬疫苗并最終取得勝利的故事,我們可以得知本文的主旨是介紹巴斯德在獨創(chuàng)狂犬疫苗方面取得的成就。Ⅱ.閱讀填句依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Childrenstartoutasnaturalscientists,eagertolookintotheworldaroundthem.Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy,asthere’snoneedforalotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.1.

Givethemtimetothink.Studiesoverthepast30yearshaveshownthat,afteraskingaquestion,adultstypicallywaitonlyonesecondorlessforananswer,notimeforachildtothink.2,childrencangivemorelogical,completeandcreativeanswers.

Watchyourlanguage.Onceyouhaveachildinvolvedinasciencediscussion,don’tjumpinwith“That’sright”or“Verygood”.3.Butintalkingaboutscience,quickpraisecansignalthatdiscussionisover.Instead,keepthingsgoingbysaying“That’sinterestingorIhaveneverthoughtofitthatwaybefore”,orcomingupwithmorequestionsorideas.Neverforceachildtothink.4aschildrenarealwaysthinking,withoutyourtellingthemto.

What’smore,givingthemfreedomtothinkcanturnaconversationintoaperformance.Thechildwilltrytofindtheansweryouwant,inasfewwordsaspossible,sothathewillbeasmallertargetforyourdisagreement.5Real-lifeimpressionsofnaturearefarmoreimpressivethananylessonchildrencanlearnfromabookoratelevisionprogram.Letchildrenlookattheirfingertipsthroughamagnifyingglass(放大鏡),andthey’llunderstandwhyyouwantthemtowashbeforedinner.Ratherthansayingthatwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā)),setapotofwatertoboilandletthemwatchthewaterleveldrop.

A.Itdoesn’tmakesenseB.ListentotheirquestionsC.TeachthembyexamplesD.Youonlyhavetoshareyourchildren’scuriosityE.ItbeganwithasetofquestionsthatlastednearlytwohoursF.Whenadultsincreasetheir“waittime”tothreesecondsormoreG.Thesewordsworkwellwhenitcomestoencouraginggoodbehavior【語篇概述】本文就如何幫助孩子視察四周的世界、寵愛科學提出了一些建議。1.【解析】選D。依據(jù)上文Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy,asthere’snoneedforalotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.“幫助他們享受科學很簡單,因為不須要許多科學術(shù)語或昂貴的試驗室設(shè)備。”可知此處應(yīng)填“你只須要共享你孩子的新奇心”。2.【解析】選F。依據(jù)下文childrencangivemorelogical,completeandcreativeanswers“孩子們可以給出更符合邏輯、更完整、更有創(chuàng)意的答案”可知其緣由是“成年人把他們的等待時間增加到3秒或更長”。3.【解析】選G。依據(jù)下文Butintalkingaboutscience,quickpraisecansignalthatdiscussionisover.“但是在談?wù)摽茖W的時候,快速的贊揚可以表明探討已經(jīng)結(jié)束?！笨芍颂帒?yīng)填“當涉及激勵好的行為時,這些詞很有用”。故選G.4.【解析】選A。依據(jù)上文“Neverforceachildtothink.“恒久不要強迫孩子思索。”可知此處應(yīng)填“這沒有道理”。5.【解析】選C。依據(jù)下文Real-lifeimpressionsofnaturearefarmoreimpressivethananylessonchildrencanlearnfromabookoratelevisionprogram.“現(xiàn)實生活中對自然的印象比孩子們從書本或電視節(jié)目中學到的任何東西都要深刻得多?！笨芍颂帒?yīng)填“用例子來教他們”。故選C?！舅仞B(yǎng)培優(yōu)】【話題小寫作】2024年是我國古代宏大的藥物學家李時珍誕辰500周年。請你依據(jù)以下要點給你校英語刊物寫一篇短文,讓更多的人了解這位宏大的醫(yī)藥學家。1.李時珍于1518年7月3日誕生于湖北省,在家人的影響下,他對醫(yī)學產(chǎn)生了愛好;2.他讀了大量的醫(yī)學書,為尋草藥他去了許多地方,探望了許多人,甚至以身試藥,歷時27年完成巨著《本草綱目》;3.他因?qū)κ澜玑t(yī)學所做出的巨大貢獻而名垂后世。參考詞匯:藥物學家pharmacologist草藥herb留意:1.詞數(shù)80個左右:2.可以適當增加細微環(huán)節(jié),以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】BornonJuly3,1518inHubeiProvince,LiShizhenwasagreatpharmacologist.Undertheinfluenceofhisfamily,hedevelopedaninterestinmedicine.Hereadalargenumberofbooksaboutmedicine.Tofindcertainherbs,hewenttoplentyofplacesandcalledonalargenumberofpeople.Heevendidexperimentsonhimself.Nomatterhowdifficult,henevergaveup.Finally,ittookhim27yearstowritethegreatworkBenCaoLiShizhenisrememberedforhisgreatcontributionstotheworldmedicine.閱讀理解Youmayheartheexpression:“Ifyougiveapersonafish,theywilleatforaday.Ifyouteachapersontofish,theycaneatforalifetime.”O(jiān)newaytoexplainthisisthathelpingpeoplegrowtheirownfoodisabetterwaytofighthunger.ThatisthepurposeofanagriculturalresearchorganizationcalledHarvestPlus.HarvestPlusisteachingpeoplearoundtheworldhowtogrowwhatitcalls“smart”crops(莊稼).ItsprojectinMozambique,acountryinSoutheastAfrica,ishavingsurprisinginfluences.Sweetpotatoeshavevitamin(維生素)A,whichkeepsyoureyeshealthyandhelpsthebodyfightdisease.In2006,HarvestPlusworkersprovidedorangesweetpotatoplantstopeoplein24Mozambiquevillages.TheworkerstaughtthesepeoplehowtogrowthevegetablesandalsoexplainedtheimportanceofvitaminAtostayinghealthy.FarmersinMozambiquehadbeenplantingwhiteandyellowsweetpotatoes,whichhaveverylittlevitaminA.However,onesmall,orangesweetpotatohasafullday’ssupplyofvitaminA.AlandeBrauwfromtheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutesaysabout70percentofchildrentherewerenotgettingenoughvitaminA.Hesaysthepotatoeshadasurprisinginfluenceonthehealthofchildren.Attheendofthethree-yearstudy,theresearchersfoundthatchildrenlivinginvillagesgrowingorangesweetpotatoeshad40percentfewerchancesofgettingdiarrhea(痢疾)thanotherboysandgirls.Amongchildrenundertheageofthree,thedifferencewas50percent.Experts(專家)aresuggestingthatconnectingagricultureandhealthproblemsisnaturalandhelpful.AnneHerforth,afoodexpert,saysthefindingsdoagoodjobmakingtheconnectionbetweenfoodproductionandhealth.“Look,youproduceafoodandit’savailabletopeopletoeatandtheylikeit;thenitdoesgoodthingsforhealth.”【語篇概述】本文是說明文。農(nóng)業(yè)探討組織HarvestPlus以一種特別的方式不僅解決了糧食危機而且還改善了人們的健康狀況。1.WhywasHarvestPlussetup?A.Toprovidefoodforpeoplearoundtheworld.B.Tohelpfarmersincreasecropproduction.C.Todoresearchonagriculturalproducts.D.Todealwiththehungerproblem.【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“helpingpeoplegrowtheirownfoodisabetterwaytofighthunger.Thatisthepurposeofan