2025版高考英語一輪復習核心素養(yǎng)測評十四必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版

PAGE核心素養(yǎng)測評十四必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThereisanancientChinesestoryaboutagiantmannamedKuaFuwhochasesthesun.Hedrains(喝干)theYellowandWeiriversduringhisraceandfinallydiesofdehydration(脫水).Hisfailurehasremindedpeopleoftheunstoppablepowerofthesunforcenturies.Andyet,scientiststhroughouthistoryhavetriedtobetterunderstandthemostimportantstarinoursky.OnAug12,2024,NASAlaunchedtheParkerSolarProbe(探測器),markingthestartofitstriptothesun.TheprobeitselfisalmostasbigasacarandneededthehelpofapowerfulrockettoescapeEarth’sorbit,changedirectionandreachthesun.Inordertoreachthesun,theprobemustcompletesevenflightsofVenus,usingthepoweroftheplanet’sgravitytochangeitspath,sendingittowardthesun.Butthat’snottheonlydifficultpartofthejourney.Astheprobeapproachesthesun’scorona(日冕),itwillhavetobeartemperaturesreaching1,400℃,aswellasdealwithseriousradiation.Sohowwilltheprobesurvive?AccordingtoNASA,aspecialshield(愛護罩)hasbeenused,whichisaspecial11.5cm-thickcarbon-compositeshieldthatwillbepositionedbetweentheprobeandthesun’scorona.Itsadvancedtechnologylikethiswillmaketheprobe’striptothesunmuchsmoother.Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,theprobewillreachaspeedof692,018kilometersperhourasitorbitsthesun,settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory,NBCnoted.Itwillflyclosetothesun24timesbetween2024and2025,NBCadded.The“missiontotouchthesun”will“notonlymakehistorybyansweringquestionsthathavepuzzledscientistsfordecades,butitmayalsoleadtothediscoveryofnewphenomenathatarecompletelyunknowntousnow,”RaouafitoldDiscoveryMagazine.“Thismissionhasthepotentialtopushsolarresearchintoanewdirection,”headded.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。古有“夸父逐日”的故事,自古至今人們始終未停止對太陽的探究。近日,美國國家航空航天局放射了帕克太陽探究器,人類“逐日”的幻想最終要實現(xiàn)了。1.Whatdoes“it”underlinedinparagraph2referto?A.Apowerfulrocket. B.Theprobe.C.Venus. D.Theplanet’sgravity.【解析】選B。詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段的Inordertoreachthesun,theprobemustcompletesevenflightsofVenus可知,此處是指利用行星引力的力氣變更探測器的路徑,使它朝向太陽,因此,此處的it是指probe,故選B。2.WhatdoweknowabouttheParkerSolarProbe?A.It’sthefastestprobeeverdesigned.B.Ithasan11.5-inch-thickshield.C.Itwasdesignedtocarryapowerfulrocket.D.It’stwicethesizeofacar.【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,theprobewillreachaspeedof692,018kilometersperhourasitorbitsthesun,settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory,NBCnoted.可知,theParkerSolarProbe是曾被設計的最快的探測器,故選A。3.Theprobewillmeetthechallengesexcept________.

A.theroutetothesunB.theheatnearthesunC.thedistancetothesunD.theradiationfromthesun【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的theprobemustcompletesevenflightsofVenus,usingthepoweroftheplanet’sgravitytochangeitspath和Astheprobeapproachesthesun’scorona,itwillhavetobeartemperaturesreaching1,400℃,aswellasdealwithseriousradiation.可知,探測器將會遇到去太陽的路途、太陽的溫度和太陽輻射的挑戰(zhàn),但沒有到太陽的距離問題,故選C。4.What’sthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tostresstheimportanceofadvancedtechnology.B.Toprovethemissionisthegreatestmoveinhumanhistory.C.Tosuggestthereisalongwaytogoinsolarexploration.D.Toshowthemissionwillfillthegapinsolarresearch.【解析】選D。推理推斷題。依據(jù)上文主要介紹了“觸日任務”,再結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容,尤其是Thismissionhasthepotentialtopushsolarresearchintoanewdirection.由此可推斷出,本段的目的是證明這一任務將填補太陽能探討的空白,故選D?！緦W問拓展】難句分析

Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,theprobewillreachaspeedof692,018kilometersperhourasitorbitsthesun,settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory,NBCnoted.

分析:本句是一個復合句。句中if引導條件狀語從句,從句中含有一個as引導的方式狀語從句的省略(asitisplanned);as引導時間狀語從句;settinganewrecordforthefastestman-madeobjectinhistory為現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

翻譯:NBC指出,假如一切如安排的那樣,探測器在繞太陽軌道運轉(zhuǎn)的時候會達到692,018千米每小時的速度,創(chuàng)了歷史上人造物體的最快速度。BAccordingtotheGuinnessWorldRecords,aSitkaSpruce(錫特卡云杉)growingonNewZealand’ssouthernmostislandistheloneliesttreeonEarth.NotonlyisittheonlytreeonCampbellIsland,butthenearestothertreecanbefoundover200kmawayontheAucklandBluff,CampbellIslandisoneoftheItisbelievedthattheSitkaSpruceonCampbellIslandwasplantedbyLordRanfurly,aformergovernorofNewZealand,sometimebetween1901and1907.It’snotclearwhyhedecidedtoplantthere,butaccordingtosomesourceshesaidthattheislandwasnotproductive,andtookthefirststeptocoveritwithforestry.Hisideawasnevergoingtoworkbecauseoftheharshclimateofthearea,butsomehowtheSitkaSprucesurvived.ApartfromitsreputationastheloneliesttreeonEarth,theSitkaSpruceofCampbellIslandhasaseriesofotherparticularities.Firstofallitsshapemakesitlookmorelikeagiantcauliflowerthanatree.Thisisbelievedtohavebeencausedbyrepeatedlycuttingdownitstrunkeveryyear,fordecades.Anotherinterestingthingabouttheworld’sloneliesttreeisthat,thoughitisover100yearsold,ithasneverproducedcones(球果).Whoknewalonelytreegrowing200kmawayfromitsnearestcousinscouldbesointeresting?【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹世界上最孤獨的樹。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harshest”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Loneliest.B.Rarest.C.Hottest. D.Severest.【解析】選D。詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段中Withstrongwindsblowingalmostallyearroundandlessthan600hoursofsunshine,it’snotexactlyagoodplacetolivein“這里一年四季都有強風,日照不足600小時,不太適合居住,”由此推知劃線詞的意思是“猛烈的,嚴峻的”。故選D。6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutLordRanfurly?A.Hewasagovernorfortenyears.B.HemadeCampbellC.HeattemptedtogetCampbellD.HerealizedtheSitkaSprucecouldsurviveinNewZealand.【解析】選C。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段butaccordingtosomesourceshesaidthattheislandwasnotproductive,andtookthefirststeptocoveritwithforestry.可知,關(guān)于LordRanfurly我們能了解到他試圖讓CampbellIsland森林化。故選C。7.Paragraph4ismainlyabout________oftheSitkaSpruce.

A.theuniqueshape B.thespecialfeaturesC.thehighreputation D.thegrowthprocess【解析】選B。段落大意題。依據(jù)第四段第一句ApartfromitsreputationastheloneliesttreeonEarth,theSitkaSpruceofCampbellIslandhasaseriesofotherparticularities.可知,第四段主要是關(guān)于theSitkaSpruce的特點。故選B。8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tointroducetheloneliesttreeintheworld.B.TopromotetourismonCampbellC.Toemphasizetheimportanceofforestry.D.TohonourLordRanfurly.【解析】選A。目的意圖題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中Firstofallitsshapemakesitlookmorelikeagiantcauliflowerthanatree.Thisisbelievedtohavebeencausedbyrepeatedlycuttingdownitstrunkeveryyear,fordecades.Anotherinterestingthingabouttheworld’sloneliesttreeisthat,thoughitisover100yearsold,ithasneverproducedcones.可知,這篇文章的目的是介紹世界上最孤獨的樹。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空AfterIstruggledtogetovermyfirstwifeCeorgia’sdeath,mylifefinallyreturnedtonormal.Butafewweeksaftershewascalledtoheaven,Iwascookingdinnerformysonandmyself.Fora1,Idecidedonfrozenpeas.AsIwascuttingopenthebag,it2frommyhandsandcrashedtothefloor.Thepeasrolledeverywhere.Itriedtousea3,butwitheachswipethepeasrolledacrossthekitchen,bouncedoffthewallontheothersideandrolledinanother4.

Mymentalstateatthetimewas5.Losingmywifeisanunbearablepain.Igotonmyhandsandkneesandpulledthemintoa6.IwashalflaughingandhalfcryingasIcollectedthem.Icouldseethehumorinwhathappened,7itdoesn’ttakemuchforapersondealingwithgrief(哀思)tobreakdown.

Forthenextweek,everytimeIwasinthekitchen,Iwouldfindapeathathad8myfirstcleanup.EightmonthslaterI9therefrigeratortoclean,andfoundthosefewremainingpeas.Atthattime,Iwasinanew10withawonderfulwomanImetataparty.Afterwemarried,Iwas11ofthosepeasundertherefrigerator.Isensedthatmylifehadbeenlikethatbagoffrozenpeas.Mywifewas12.Iwasinanewcitywithabusyjobandasonhavingtroubleadjustingtohisnew13andthelossofhismother.Mywholelifeisfallingapart.

Whenlifegetsyoudown;whenyouthinkyoucannever14thetoughtimes,remember,itisjustabagofscattered,frozenpeas.Youwillfindallthepeas.Whenyoupullallthepeastogether,lifewillbe15again.

【文章大意】這是一篇夾敘夾議類的文章。作者的妻子去世了,作者感到生活完全破裂了。后來作者意識到:困難時期就像一袋散了的凍豌豆。最終會找到全部散落的豌豆,渡過艱難時期,生活終將變得完整。1.A.fruit B.vegetableC.meat D.salad【解析】選B。fruit水果;vegetable蔬菜;meat肉;salad沙拉。peas屬于蔬菜類,故B選項正確。2.A.slipped B.disappearedC.crawled D.lost【解析】選A。slip滑,滑倒;disappear消逝;crawl爬,爬行;lose失去。依據(jù)下文中“Thepeasrolledeverywhere”可以推知,作者在剪開袋子的時候,袋子從作者的手里滑了下去,掉到了地板上。豌豆?jié)L得到處都是。故A選項正確。3.A.tool B.clothC.brush D.broom【解析】選D。tool工具;cloth布;brush刷子;broom掃帚。依據(jù)后面的eachswipe可知,作者用掃帚掃掉到地上的豌豆。故D選項正確。4.A.disagreement B.effortC.direction D.companion【解析】選C。disagreement異議,分歧;effort努力;direction方向;companion同伴。豌豆從另一邊的墻上反彈過來,向另一個方向滾去。C選項正確。5.A.fragile B.gentleC.potential D.ambitious【解析】選A。fragile易碎的;gentle溫順的;potential有潛力的;ambitious有雄心的,有野心的。依據(jù)下文中的“Iwashalflaughingandhalfcrying”可知,當時作者的精神狀態(tài)幾近崩潰,很脆弱,妻子的去世對他打擊很大。故A選項正確。6.A.piece B.partC.pile D.line【解析】選C。piece片,條;part部分;pile堆;line線。作者四肢著地,將豌豆歸攏到一起,堆成一堆。C選項正確。7.A.and B.orC.so D.but【解析】選D。前一句提到:我能從所發(fā)生的事情中看出幽默。后一句提到:一個經(jīng)驗哀痛的人不須要太多的時間就能崩潰。很明顯,前后兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故D選項正確。8.A.attracted B.destroyedC.escaped D.buried【解析】選C。attract吸引;destroy毀壞;escape逃脫;bury安葬。接下來的一周里,每次作者在廚房里的時候,都會找到一顆最初“逃過”清理的豌豆。故C選項正確。9.A.pickedout B.setoutC.pulledout D.figuredout【解析】選C。pickout選擇出;setout動身,動身;pullout拉出,抽出;figureout弄清晰,弄明白。依據(jù)下文中的“thosepeasundertherefrigerator”可知,作者為了清理,要把冰箱從原地拉出來,這樣才能發(fā)覺冰箱下面的豌豆。故C選項正確。10.A.concern B.moodC.connection D.relationship【解析】選D。concern擔憂,關(guān)切;mood心情;connection連接;relationship關(guān)系。作者和聚會上遇到的一位女士起先了一段新的(戀愛)關(guān)系。故D選項正確。11.A.informed B.remindedC.accused D.required【解析】選B。inform通知,告知;remind提示;accuse指控;require要求。下文的內(nèi)容都是作者通過“豌豆事務”感悟出來的。也就是說:那些豌豆“提示”了作者這些道理。故B選項正確。12.A.gone B.asleepC.fortunate D.severe【解析】選A。gone離開的,過去的;asleep睡著的;fortunate幸運的;severe嚴峻的。第一段提到作者的妻子去世了,即離開了。故A選項正確。13.A.friends B.timesC.lessons D.surroundings【解析】選D。friend摯友;time次數(shù),倍數(shù);lesson教訓,功課;surroundings四周環(huán)境。依據(jù)前面的“anewcity”可知,作者和兒子在一個新的城市生活,兒子必須要適應新的環(huán)境,還要適應母親去世這個事實。故D選項正確。14.A.takeoff B.giveawayC.getthrough D.holdup【解析】選C。takeoff起飛;giveaway贈送,泄露;getthrough完成,渡過,通過;holdup舉起,支撐。當你認為你恒久也不行能渡過艱難時期的時候,記住:這只不過是一袋散了的凍豌豆。你總會找到全部散落的豌豆(暗指你總會渡過艱難時期)。C選項正確。15.A.clear B.wholeC.correct D.complex【解析】選B。clear清晰的;whole完整的,完全的;correct正確的;complex困難的。當你將全部的豌豆聚集到一起的時候,(破裂的)生活將會再次變得完整。故B選項正確。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Threehundredyearsago,themaohouor“hairymonkeys”quicklybecamemuchlovedbythepeopleinBeijing.Howdidsomebodycomeupwiththem?Thestory1.________(go)thattheshopkeeperofaChinesemedicineshopwasoftenseenshoutingathisemployees.Oneeveninganapprenticewastidyinguptheingredients(原料)2.(use)tomakeChinesemedicinesintheshop.Topassthetime,hefound3.________(he)makingalittlefigureoutofthefeatheryflowersandtheheadandlegsofacicada’s(蟬)skin.Theapprenticeshowedittohiscolleagues,4.(joke)thatitlookedliketheirbad-temperedboss.

Thelittlecreaturebecamesuch5.________hitthattheystartedmakingmorefigures.Thus,Beijing’sunbelievablecraftof“hairymonkey”making6._______(born).

Nowadays,“hairymonkeys”arefar7.themostpopularchildren’sgiftsonthemarketinBeijing.Mass-prod