高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

PAGEPAGE2高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是定語(yǔ)從句一種介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介詞+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介詞的賓語(yǔ).且此處關(guān)系代詞可以省略，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：（1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.（2）Thecity（which/that）shelivesinisfaraway.注：通常介詞放在定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞后，也可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面，但有些特殊動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配不能拆分，介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepen(that/which)youarelookingfor.Thepatient(who/whom/that)sheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可用“介詞＋which”來(lái)代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介詞（如：for）+which(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞＋which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when=onwhich)(2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞＋which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where=inwhich)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用forwhich來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why=forwhich)關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動(dòng)，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)二動(dòng)，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhich_Icannotseeclearly.例題：用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式表示1.

Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot?2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.Thetower_________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介詞+關(guān)系代詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。四、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。構(gòu)成：some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few+of+whom(人）/which(物）

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。

In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which

have

gone

bad.

籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。

There

are

forty

students

in

our

class

in

all,

most

of

whom

are

from

big

cities.

Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.這兒有許多書(shū),他借走了兩本。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我給他買(mǎi)了兩件衣服,他一件也不喜歡。練習(xí):()1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis()2.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,______shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.

A.afterthat

B.fromthatC.fromwhich

D.afterwhich()3.Guncontrolisasubject_________Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich()4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich()5.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_____lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.whose()6.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.Aforwhich Batwhich Cinwhich Donwhich()7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich()8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that()9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich()10.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich()11.Ericreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,______hefoundajobinabigcompany.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis()12.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,________therewon'tbemuchwork.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich()13.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,________wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom()14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm____，manypeoplehavegonehome.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime()15.WheneverImether,_______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that()16.Shebrou