Unit2LessonsinLifeUsingLanguage語法學(xué)案高中英語選擇性

外研社選擇性必修第四冊(cè)Unit2Grammar學(xué)案Usinglanguage復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)Ⅰ.觀察感悟1.OndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,MitchstartsvisitinghimathishouseonTuesdays.2.Afterfinishingit,IfeelIhavebeengivenadeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.3.Despiteitswidespreadrecognition,myfirstimpressionwasthatTuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofoveremotionalthoughtsandmessages,manyofwhicharerepeated.4.ThebookmademestopandthinkabouthowmuchIaminfluencedbypopularcultureandtheimportanceofcreatingmyownvaluesbasedonloveandopenmunication.5.Aboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!觀察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑體部分都使用了___________表示不知道或沒有必要指明動(dòng)作的___________是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的____________________或事件本身時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Ⅱ.要點(diǎn)精析1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式如下：（以do為例）現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewouldbedone進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成式have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewouldhavebeendone溫馨提示不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種常見情況:（1）不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thefinalexamisapproaching.期末考試馬上要來了。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如last、hold、contain、fit、cost等。Thelecturewilllastforthreehours.講座會(huì)持續(xù)3個(gè)小時(shí)。（3）表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞（短語），如have、own、belongto等。TheoldhousebelongstoMr.Tony.那座老房子是托尼先生的。2.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義（1）當(dāng)clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示主語的“品質(zhì)”或“性能”。Thispenwritessmoothly.這支鋼筆寫起字來很流暢。Thedoorwon'tlock.這扇門鎖不上。（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。Theopeningceremonywillstartat8:00tomorrowmorning.開幕式會(huì)在明天早晨8點(diǎn)開始。（3）在need、deserve等詞的后面常跟動(dòng)名詞，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Hisoldcarwhichbreaksdownfrequentlyneedsrepairing/toberepaired.他那輛經(jīng)常出故障的舊車需要修理了。（4）“beworth+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thebookisworthreadingagainandagain.這本書值得一讀再讀。（5）某些連系動(dòng)詞，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。（2022全國甲）Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.雖然這些鳥不以在野外使用工具而聞名，但事實(shí)證明這些鳥在籠子里可以熟練使用工具。（6）在“be+adj.+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語。Thenewwashingmachineiseasytooperate.新的洗衣機(jī)操作起來很簡單。3.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)（1）注意動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)詞短語是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不能省略其中的介詞或副詞。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.會(huì)議將推遲到星期五。（2）注意雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)賓語保留在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenaninterestingbookbymyfriendonmybirthday.我的朋友在我生日那天送了我一本有趣的書。（3）注意復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余部分不動(dòng)。使役動(dòng)詞以及感官動(dòng)詞等后跟省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)要加to。Theteachermadehimretellthepassage.→Hewasmadetoretellthepassagebytheteacher.老師讓他復(fù)述課文。（4）主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中的賓語是從句時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要用形式主語it。TheysaythatMr.Zhangisahumorousteacher.→It'ssaidthatMr.Zhangisahumorousteacher.據(jù)說張老師是一個(gè)幽默的老師。Ⅲ.練習(xí)語篇填空Itistoughforanybasketballplayertogettothemajorleagues,butJamesAbbotthadanextraobstaclethatshould1.（overe）.Hemighthavebeenanaveragepersonifhe2.（born）witharighthand.WhenAbbottwasyoung,otherchildren3.（tease）himconstantly.Thisdidn'tstopAbbott.Helovedsports,andhepracticedconstantly.Inhighschool,Abbott4.（join）theschoolbasketballteamandbecameapitcher（投球手）oftheteam.Laterhe5.（attend）theUniversityofMichiganonabasketballscholarship.In1987Abbott6.（name）America'stopamateurathlete,andin1988hepitchedhiswaytoagoldmedalintheOlympics.ButAbbottdidn'tthinkhewasfinishedyet.Abbottwentstraighttothemajors.He7.（choose）topitchfortheCaliforniaAngelsandlaterfortheNewYorkYankees.HowdidAbbottacplishallthiswithjustonehand？Thisiswhatfansoftenasked.JamesAbbott8.（see）asalefthandedpitcher,notasaonehandedpitcher.Heoncesaidthathedidn'tgrowupthinkingaboutnothavingarighthand.When9.（ask）toexplainhowhehadmadeittothetop,Abbottsaid,“IfIhadnotworkedveryhard,I10.（be）afailurenow.Theonlythingthatcouldstopm