2024年中考英語語法專項訓(xùn)練及練習(xí)講義現(xiàn)在完成時

unit8現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+V過去分詞;have/has為助動詞;所有的句型變化由have/has來完成句型結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句:主語+have+v過去分詞+其他否定句:主語+have+not+v過去分詞+其他一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+V過去分詞+其他?肯定回答:主語+have/has.否定回答:主語+have/has+not.定義1:1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞:ever曾經(jīng);never從不;just剛剛;before以前;sofar到目前為止;twice兩次;already已經(jīng)(肯定句);yet已經(jīng)(疑問句),還(否定句);inthepast/lastfewyears在過去的幾年里注意區(qū)別:already和yet練習(xí)：1.用Already或Yet填空1)Shehasn'tebackyet.2)IhavealreadyreadLittleWomen.3)Ihaven'treadLittleWomenyet.4)Haveyouhadlunchyet?5)Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.2.按要求完成句子2)他還沒有做完家務(wù).Hehasn'tfinishedhishouseworkyet.3)Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.變否定句Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.4).Hehasalreadyfinishedhishousework.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洳⒒卮餒ashefinishedhishouseworkyet?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.5).IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)Ihaven'tbeentoMacaubefore.6).Hehasn'tetoschoolbecausehewasill.(就劃線部分提問)Whyhasheetoschool?7).Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)Ihavejustboughtanewbike.8).Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.(否定)Theyhaven'tfinishedtheworkyet.Unit9have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和have/hasbeeninever和neverever意思為“曾經(jīng)”;常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句。Have/Has+主語+ever+過去分詞?never意思為“從未”;表示否定。have/has+never+過去分詞練習(xí)：1.—Whywon'tweplaybasketballwithClass4thisafternoon?—BecausetheyLongzhongforastudytrip.(湖北襄陽)A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.hadgonetoD.hadbeento2.—WhereisCatherine?Ihaven'tseenherfordays.——SheWuhan.She’llbebacknextweek.(湖北黃岡)A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeento3.—MissZhangseemsquitefamiliarwithYunnanProvince.—Don'tyouknow?Sheatownschoolthereasavolunteerteacherforover2years.(江蘇鎮(zhèn)江)A.isinB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeento4.WhereisMr.Green?(湖南郴州)Hethebookshop.Youhavetowaitforhim.A.wasgoingtoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeento5.LindahastoParis.HowcanIgetintouchwithher?Don'tworry.Shewillcallyouassoonasshethere.A.been;willgetB.been;getsC.gone;willgetD.gone;gets6.Whereisyouruncle?HeAmericaandheNewYorkfortwoweeks.(四川遂寧)A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;willstayinC.hasbeenin;hasbeentoD.hasstayedin;hasgoneto7.Hello,thisisMaryspeaking.CanIspeaktoMrSmith?Sorry.HetheBeihaiPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto8.youevertoAustralia?Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.were;going9.hetoAmerica?Yes,hewillebacknextmonth.A.Has;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.were;going10.SheknowsthiscitywellbecausesheDtothiscityseveraltimes.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.willgotoD.hasbeento11.WhenyoutotheUK?Twoyearsagohas;beenB.has;gonetoC.did;goD.will;get12.A:Doyouwant(e)tothespacemuseum?B:No,I'vealready(be)therethreetimes.13.A:Haveyou(see)therobotsatthesciencemuseum?B:Yes,I(go)therelastweekend.14.A:Let’s(spend)thedayatthezoo.B:Well,I'vealready(be)thereacoupleoftimes,butI'mhappy(go)again.15.A:Howabout(go)totheartmuseum?TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.B:Sure.Whendoyouwant(go)?16.A:Haveyouever(visit)thehistorymuseum?B:No,I'venever(be)there.答案15AADAD610ABBAD11C12.toe;been13.seen;went14.spend;been;togo15.going;togo16.visited;been定義2:表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。1)since和for的區(qū)別since+過去時的從句或過去時間點，表示“動作開始于某個特定的時間點”如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor+一段時間,表示“長達(dá)多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.fortwoyears5.sinceyesterday2.sincetwoyearsago6.since4o'clock3.sincelastmonth7.for4hours4.since19998.sinceanhourago9.JillhasbeeninIrelandforthreedays.10.Ihaven'tbeentheresinceIleftschool.11.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeentheresince7o'clock.12.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountrysince1974.6.13.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaitingfor20minutes.14.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptyformanyyears.15.Mikehasbeenillforalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalsinceOctober.重點：在現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中，若含有for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，則句中謂語一定要用延續(xù)性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞VS非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)動詞又稱短暫性動詞，它表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束和時間點連用yesterday,twoyearsago,at5o’clock如:begin,start,open,close,leave,die,go,e,finish,buy,stop...延續(xù)性動詞又稱持續(xù)性動詞。它表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以長時間延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響和時間段連用for+一段時間，since+過去的時間，since+時間點名詞+ago如:study,work,keep,have,read,sleep...非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞一、非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。①arriveat/insp;getto/reachsp;到達(dá)→bein/at+地點e/go/movetosp來去...1)HegottoBeijingfiveyearsago.HehasbeeninBeijingforfiveyears.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.IhavebeenintheUSAsince2008.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihavebeenathomeforoneday.4)Theycameherelastweek.Theyhavebeenheresincelastweek.②eto/gobackto/returnto→bebackto(回到)goout→beout(出去)1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.Hehasbeenoutfortwoyears.2)WereturntoBeijingyesterday.WehavebeenbacktoBeijingsinceyesterday.③bee→be(成為)1)Ibecameateacherin2020.Ihavebeenateacherforfouryears.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriverhasbeendirtyfortwoyears.④close→beclosed(關(guān)著)open→beopen(開著)1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshophasbeenclosedfortwohours.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorhasbeenopenedforsixhours.⑤die→bedead(死)leavesp.→beawayfromsp.(離開)fallasleep→beasleep(睡著)finish→beover(結(jié)束)marry→bemarried(結(jié)婚)1)HeleftShanghaijustnow.HehasbeenawayShanghaiforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2014.Mygrandpahasbeendeadfortenyears.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetinghasbeenoverfortwohours.5)Ifallasleeptwohoursago.Ihavebeenasleepsincetwohoursago.6)Theymarriedin1990.Theyhavebeenmarriedsince1990.⑥begin→beon(開始)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonfortwominutes.⑦borrow→keep(借)buy→have(買)puton→wear(穿著)catch/getacold→haveacold(感冒)gettoknow→know(了解,直到)1)Theyborroweditlastweek.Theyhavekeptitsincelastweek.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.Ihavehadapenfortwohours.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.HehasbeeninBeijingfortwodays.⑨join→bein/beamemberof....Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.Mybrotherhasbeenamemberofthearmyfortwoyears.練習(xí)：Exercise:1.Ihavealready____(see)thefilm.Isaw(see)itlastweek.2.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfatherjust(e)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where'sLiMing?He_______(go)totheteacher'soffice.5.I______(work)heresinceI_______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI______(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.Ijust(finish)myhomework.9.He____(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.you(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Ihaveworked(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.13.She(be)illforthreedays.14.Myfather(buy)abookformeyesterday.Healready(pay)fiftyyuanforit.15.She(notread)thisbookbefore.16.Shanghai(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit(bee)alargecity.17.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對劃線部分提問)havetheybeenhere?18.Theoldmanlastyear.Hehasforayear.(die)(動詞填空)19.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義轉(zhuǎn)換)MissGaohassinceanhourago.20.Millieinthisfactorysince1990.A.worksB.workedC.hasworkedD.haveworked21.Mycousin100modelplanessince2015.A.collectsB.collectingC.hascollectedD.havecollected22.—Yournewwatchissoni