在職藝術(shù)碩士（MFA）全國(guó)聯(lián)考英文閱讀理解模擬試卷1（共180題）

在職藝術(shù)碩士（MFA）全國(guó)聯(lián)考英文閱讀理解模擬試卷1（共9套）（共180題）在職藝術(shù)碩士（MFA）全國(guó)聯(lián)考英文閱讀理解模擬試卷第1套一、英文閱讀理解題(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudentnumbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.Theuniversitieshavethreatenedtoimposeanadmissionfeeonstudentstoplugagapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprovetheirfinancesandscrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversities'threatbysettingupthemostfundamentalreviewofhighereducationforageneration,underanon-partytroubleshooter(調(diào)停人)，SirRonDearing.Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershighereducation,fivetimesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneedsalotmoremoney—butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopeforattractingmorefinancefrombusiness.Mostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncosts,somethingthatiscommonelsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionarychangeinBritaiaUniversitieswantthegovernmenttointroducealoanschemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatenedactionfornow.TheyawaitDearing'sadvice,hopingitwillnotbetoolate—somearealreadyreportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.Asthecenturynearsitsend,thewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbeisunderthemicroscope.Expertsponderhowmuchtheycanusecomputersinsteadofclassrooms,talkoftheneedforlifelonglearningandrefertostudentsas"consumers".TheConfederation(聯(lián)盟)ofBritishIndustry,thekeyemployers'organization,wantsevenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitiononworldmarketsfromboomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthasdoubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimesnewspaperagrees,complainingthatqualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorialsupervisiongivingwayto"massproductionmethodsmoretypicalofEuropeanuniversities."(324words)1、ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis______.A、howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficultyB、howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprisesC、howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnologyD、howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析2、WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinBritain______.A、thegovernmentpaysdearlyforitsfinancialpolicyB、universitiesaremainlyfundedbybusinessesC、highereducationisprovidedfreeofchargeD、studentsarereadytoacceptloanschemesfortuition標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析3、WhatwasthepercentageofhighschoolgraduatesadmittedtouniversitiesinBritainthirtyyearsago?A、20%orso.B、About15%.C、Above30%.D、Below10%.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析4、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A、theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhighereducationB、BritishemployersdemandanexpansioninenrollmentattheexpenseofqualityC、thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropeancounterpartsD、Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthenearfuture標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析5、WhichofthefollowingistheviewpointofTheTimesnewspaper?A、ExpansioninenrollmentisboundtoaffectthequalityofBritishhighereducation.B、Britishuniversitiesshouldexpandtheirenrollmenttomeettheneedsofindustry.C、Europeanuniversitiescanbettermeettheneedsofthemodernworld.D、Britishuniversitiesshouldhelpfightcompetitiononworldmarkets.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析There'sasimplepremisebehindwhatLarryMyersdoesforaliving:Ifyoucansmellit,youcanfindit.MyersisthefounderofAuburnUniversity'sInstituteforBiologicalDetectionSystems,themaintaskofwhichistochasetheultimateindetectiondevices—anartificialnose.Fornow,thesubjectoftheirresearchislittlemorethanastackofgleamingchipstuckedawayinalaboratorydrawer.Butsoon,suchatoolcouldbehangingfromthebeltsofpolice,arson(縱火)investigatorsandfood-safetyinspectors.Thetechnologythattheyareworkinginwouldsuggestquitereasonablythat,withinthreetofiveyears,we'llhavesomeworkablesensorsreadytouse.Suchdevicesmightfindwideuseinplacesthatattractterrorists.Policecoulddetectdrugs,bodiesandbombshiddenincars,whilefoodinspectorscouldeasilytestfoodandwaterforcontamination.Theimplicationsforrevolutionaryadvancesinpublicsafetyandthefoodindustryareastonishing.Butso,too,arethepossibilitiesforabuse:Suchmachinescoulddeterminewhetherawomanisovulating(排卵),withoutaphysicalexam—orevenherknowledge.OneofthetraditionalprotectorsofAmericanlibertyisthatithasbeenimpossibletosearcheveryone.That'sgettingnottobethecase.ArtificialbiosensorscreatedatAuburnworktotallydifferentlyfromanythingeverseenbefore.AromaScan,forexample,isadesktopmachinebasedonabankofchipssensitivetospecificchemicalsthatevaporateintotheair.Asairissuckedintothemachine,chemicalspassoverthesensorsurfacesandproducechangesintheelectricalcurrentflowingthroughthem.Thosecurrentchangesareloggedintoacomputerthatsortsoutodorsbasedontheirelectricalsignatures.Myerssaystheyexpecttoloadasinglefingernail-sizechipwiththousandsofodorreceptors(感受器)，enoughtocreateasensorthat'snearlyassensitiveasadog'snose.(325words)6、Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped?A、Performingphysicalexaminations.B、Locatingplaceswhichattractterrorists.C、Detecting’drugsandwatercontamination.D、Monitoringfoodprocessing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析7、ApotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseisA、negligenceofpublicsafetyB、anabuseofpersonalfreedomC、ahazardtophysicalhealthD、athreattoindividualprivacy標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析8、Theword"logged"(Line5,Para.7)mostprobablymeans"______".A、presetB、enteredC、processedD、stimulated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析9、Toproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluse,itisessential______.A、todevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptorsB、toinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicalsC、todesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmellsD、tofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthrough標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析10、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsLarryMyers’worksis______.A、cautiousB、approvingC、suspiciousD、overenthusiastic標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析Therearesomeearthphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal—aperiodwhenNorthPolebecomesSouthPoleandSouthPolebecomesNorthPole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metersofdeepseasediment(沉淀物)core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementslotsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelong-termdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears—themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten(熔化的)ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteor(隕星)impacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsaysintensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalidgeophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth'sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.(333words)11、Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?A、PolarityReversal;AFantasticPhenomenonofNatureB、MeasurementoftheEarth’sMagnetic-FieldIntensityC、FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarthD、ANewApproachtotheStudyofGeophysics標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析12、Theword"flip"(Line7,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"______".A、declineB、intensifyC、fluctuateD、reverse標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析13、WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?A、Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth’smagneticfield.B、Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth’smagneticfield.C、Theoriginoftheearth’smagneticfield.D、Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析14、TheFrenchgeophysicists’studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesinA、itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth’smagneticfieldB、thewaytheearth’smagneticintensityismeasuredC、itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth’spolarityD、thewaytheearth’sfluctuationrhythmisdefined標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析15、InPeterOslo’sopiniontheFrenchexperiment______.A、islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearthB、hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarityreversalsC、iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisastersD、hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld’sgeophysicists標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨國(guó)公司),globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPRSurprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-ownedIn1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate(公司的)planningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterparts(相對(duì)應(yīng)的人)inknowingasecondlanguage.LessthanfivepercentofBurson-Marshall'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandTheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword"foreign"wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.(341words)16、Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof______.A、anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompaniesB、shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologiesC、thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.D、increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析17、LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause______.A、BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companiesB、BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companiesC、BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinplanningactivitiesD、fouroftheworld’stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析18、Theword"provincial"(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"______".A、limitedinoutlookB、likepeoplefromtheprovincesC、rigidinthinkingD、interestedinworldfinancialaffairs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析19、WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustryA、speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluentlyB、areignorantaboutworldgeographyC、arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterpartsD、enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析20、WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?A、AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.B、TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.C、PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.D、PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword"foreign".標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析在職藝術(shù)碩士（MFA）全國(guó)聯(lián)考英文閱讀理解模擬試卷第2套一、英文閱讀理解題(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat'snotwhatIdid.Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts(文科)universitythatdoesn'tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering"factories"wheretheydidn'tcareifyouhavevaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer;technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanist(人文學(xué)者)allinone.NowI'mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcile(協(xié)調(diào))engineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon'tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.(348words)1、Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecauseheA、wantedtobeanexampleofpracticalityandrationalityB、wantedtocoordinateengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollegeC、intendedtobeacombinationofengineerandhumanistD、intendedtobeasensiblestudentwithnobleideals標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于綜合推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“chosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal—arts(文科)university”可以定位到文章第二、三段。根據(jù)兩個(gè)“Iwanted”的內(nèi)容，以及文章第一段所說(shuō)的我的與眾不同，可見(jiàn)作者是想兩者兼而有之?！癱omplete”=“acombinationof”；technicalgenius=engineer；所以選C“想要把工程師與人文學(xué)者的素質(zhì)都綜合到自己身上”。2、Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudentscan______.A、broadentheirhorizonsB、receiveguidanceintheircareersC、becomenobleidealistsD、balanceengineeringandtheliberalarts標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干中的“interactingwithpeople”可以定位到文章第二段的第四句。“openmyeyesandexpandmyvision”=“broadenmyhorizon”，所以應(yīng)選A“拓展他們的視野”。作者選擇文科學(xué)校攻讀工科，目的在于能有機(jī)會(huì)與文科學(xué)生取得聯(lián)系、受其熏陶，從而拓寬知識(shí)、開(kāi)闊眼界。3、Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected______.A、tohaveanexcellentacademicrecordB、tobeatechnicalgeniuswithawidevisionC、tobeimaginativewithavaluesystemtoguidehimD、tobewiseandmature標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于綜合推理題。根據(jù)題干中的“asuccessfulengineeringstudent”可以定位到第三段的最后，“withawidevision”是文科學(xué)生的特征，也是作者選擇這所大學(xué)的目的。所以應(yīng)選B“是技術(shù)天才且視野廣闊”。A“學(xué)業(yè)記錄優(yōu)秀”，這只是“technicalgenius”的具體表現(xiàn)；C“具有想象力且有指導(dǎo)行為的價(jià)值觀”，文章未提及此方面。D“智慧并且成熟”，這是利用第二段家人、老師及其他人對(duì)他的稱贊來(lái)進(jìn)行干擾，但不是作者心目中的工科學(xué)生形象。4、Theauthor’sexperienceshowsthathewas______.A、creativeB、ambitiousC、irrationalD、unrealistic標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于綜合推理題。從第一段第一句和第四段第一句可推斷答案為D。作者高中時(shí)就想成為一名工程師，但他選擇去文科院校，認(rèn)為這樣可以文理兼?zhèn)?。后?lái)的經(jīng)歷使他明白這樣做是不切實(shí)際的，自己是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)實(shí)的理想主義者。5、Theword"they"in"—togethertheythreatentoconfuse"(Line3,Para.5)refersto______.A、realityandnobleidealsB、engineeringandtheliberalartsC、flexibilityandavaluesystemD、practicalityandrationality標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于指代詞辨別題。題干中的“they”可以追溯到前一句話的“they”，再追溯到前句話的工科與文科。因此應(yīng)選B“工科與文科”。Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld'sgreatsuccessesatreducingpopulationgrowth—butmorebyaccidentthandesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetterresultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineatHarvard.Brazil'spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951and1960to1.93%ayearbetween1981and1990,andBrazilianwomennowhaveonly2.7childrenonaverage.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallenstillfurthersince1990,anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries.Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperas(通俗電視連續(xù)劇)andinstallment(分期付款)plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedanimportant,althoughindirect,roleinloweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneoftheworld'sbiggestproducersofsoapoperas.Globo,Brazil'smostpopulartelevisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweek,whilethreeothersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthycharacterslivingthehig;hlifeinbigcities."Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamessagetowardstheproblemsofreproduction,theydescribemiddleandupperclassvalues—notmanychildren,differentattitudestowardssex,womenworking,"saysMartine."TheysentthisimagetoallpartsofBrazilandmadepeopleconsciousofotherpatternsofbehaviorandothervalues,whichwereputintoaveryattractivepackage."Meanwhile,theinstallmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecomeconsumers."Thisledtoanenormouschangeinconsumptionpatternsandconsumptionwasincompatible(不相容的)withunlimitedreproduction,"saysMartine.(293words)6、Accordingtothepassage,Brazilhascutbackitspopulationgrowth______.A、byeducatingitscitizensB、bycarefulfamilyplanningC、bydevelopingTVprogrammesD、bychance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于主題句理解題。短文第一句中“morebyaccidentthandesign”相當(dāng)于“morebychancethanonpurpose”，因此選D。7、Accordingtothepassage,manyThirdWorldcountries______.A、haven’tattachedmuchimportancetobirthcontrolB、wouldsoonjoinBrazilincontrollingtheirbirthrateC、haven’tyetfoundaneffectivemeasuretocontroltheirpopulationD、neglectedtheroleofTVplaysinfamilyplanning標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。短文中兩處提到“ThirdWorldcountries”：①第一段第二句“countriessuchasIndia”；②第二段最后一句“anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries”。兩句都暗示這些國(guó)家做得不如巴西成功。8、Thephrase"putsitdownto"(Line1,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningtoA、attributesittoB、findsitareasonforC、sumsitupasD、comparesitto標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于詞語(yǔ)理解題。由上下文確定“putitdownto”中的“it”指上文巴西成功降低人口增長(zhǎng)率的事實(shí)，句中“to”后接的是導(dǎo)致這一事實(shí)的兩大原因(電視劇和分期付款計(jì)劃)，前后顯然是一種因果關(guān)系。因此A是答案。9、SoapoperashavehelpedinloweringBrazil’sbirthratebecause______.A、theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTVB、theyhavegraduallychangedpeople’swayoflifeC、peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackageD、theypopularizebirthcontrolmeasures標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。本題指向第三、四兩段關(guān)于電視連續(xù)劇影響人口出生率的要點(diǎn)：電視劇中把上層階級(jí)行為模式和價(jià)值觀包裝得十分誘人，傳遞到巴西的各個(gè)地方，影響著各個(gè)階層的生活方式。少生孩子就是這一生活方式的一大特點(diǎn)。10、WhatisMartine’sconclusionaboutBrazil’spopulationgrowth?A、Theincreaseinbirthratewillpromoteconsumption.B、Thedesireforconsumptionhelpstoreducebirthrate.C、Consumptionpatternsandreproductionpatternsarecontradictory.D、Acountry’sproductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。結(jié)論必然在短文最后一段，由“consumptionwasincompatiblewithunlimitedreproduction”即可歸納結(jié)論B。Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnothowtheychangedoverthecenturies,buthowtheyremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArctic(北極的)peoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent(進(jìn)步).Theprogressfromarattle(撥浪鼓)usedbyababyin3000B.C.tooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.(306words)11、Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat______.A、theirsocialrolesarerigidlydeterminedB、mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers’professionsC、boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothersD、theylikechallengingactivities標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。由題干確定本題指向第二段要點(diǎn)：男孩女孩玩不同玩具與成人社會(huì)中男女社會(huì)角色的嚴(yán)格限制有關(guān)。12、Oneaspectof"theuniversalityoftoys"liesinthefactthat______.A、technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoysB、theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversitiesC、theexplorationoftheuniversehadledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoysD、thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesameovertheworld標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“theuniversalityoftoys”定位至短文第三段最后三句要點(diǎn)：埃及、美洲、中國(guó)、日本、北極都有相同的玩具。因此可確定D為正確答案。13、Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?A、Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.B、Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.C、Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.D、Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild’scharacter.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。本題涉及玩具persistence的特征，即第四段要點(diǎn)：玩具不受技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響，公元前3000年的撥浪鼓和今天的撥浪鼓僅在工藝及材料方面有所差異，再結(jié)合第三段第一句(全文主題)，可明確答案為B。14、Regardedasakindofartform,toys______.A、followadirectlineofascentB、alsoappealgreatlytoadultsC、arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogressD、reflectthepaceofsocialprogress標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于詞語(yǔ)理解題。由題干確定本題僅涉及對(duì)第四段第一句的理解，“havenotbeensubjectto”相當(dāng)于“arenotcharacterizedby”，因此可確定C為正確答案。15、Theauthorusestheexampleofrattletoshowthat______.A、intoy-makingthereisacontinuityintheuseofmaterialsB、eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnologyC、itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoymakingD、evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetime標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！皉attle”一例出現(xiàn)在最后一段，該段要點(diǎn)是：①玩具是一種藝術(shù)形式；②玩具不代表技術(shù)進(jìn)步；③玩具只代表時(shí)代的藝術(shù)品味和材料資源。歸納上述要點(diǎn)即得答案為D。"Hi,there.How'sitgoing?""Oh,fine.Fine.Howaboutthisweather,huh?""Well,Iguesswecanalwaysusetherain."What'sthat?Thisstory?Oh,justalittlelookatsmalltalk.Youknow,thoseseeminglymeaninglessconversationsyouhavedozensoftimesaday.Maybeyou'rewaitingfortheelevator.Orinalineatthebank.Itallseemsprettytrivial.Idlechatterabouttrafficdoesn'tdomuchmorethanfilltheairwithemptywordsthatarequicklyforgotten.Butyoushouldknowthatsmalltalkactuallyhasabigplaceinourlives.PatOliver,assistantprofessoronarts,saysthat,"Leftunchecked,smalltalkcanbeaninvasion.It'ssopowerful.Itdoessomethingtoyou.""EverymorningafterspendinganhourandahalfonthefreewayIstartthedaywithsmalltalkwithmysecretary,"Oliversays,"IfIdon'tmakesmallconnectionwithanotherperson,Ican'twork."Whatcausesit?Asarule,you'reeithertryingtoforcesomethingintoyourlife,oryou'reusingconversationasaninvisibleforcefieldtokeepthemout.Youcanbewantingtoconnectwithanotherperson,andsmalltalkisyourintroductiontomoremeaningfulconversation.Thewaypeopleusesmalltalkisusuallydeterminedbywheretheyhappentobeatthetime.Taketheelevator,forinstance.Nowthere'sprimeterritory.Nobodyknowsanyoneandthere'snoreasontostartaconversation,butinvariably,someonedoes.Makingconversationinsuchpeacefulsocialsettings,accordingtoOliver,"canconfirmyourterritory.It'sawayoffeelinglikedandaccepted."Thetopicsofsmalltalkdon'tmatter.Infact,youdon'twantanythingmoretaxingthantheweatherorthetraffic.It'snon-threateningtalkinathreateningsituation.However,theruleschangequicklywhenyourewithlotsofpeopledoinglotsoftalking.Let'ssayyou'reataparty.Nowit'stimetousesmalltalkasawayofmakingothersfeelmorecomfortablearoundyou,soyoudon'tlooksillystandingbythefoodtablealoneallnight.(359words)16、"Sma