06選擇性必修三Unit4語法語法現(xiàn)在完成進行時（原卷版）

06選擇性必修三Unit4語法：語法精講精練現(xiàn)在完成進行時一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時復習：I.概念現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)進行下去。II.結構1.肯定形式：have/has＋beendoing(2021·全國乙卷)PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.從古希臘時代起，人們就開始涌入體育場。2.否定形式：have/has＋not＋beendoingHehasn’tbeenusingthecarforthelasttwomonths.在過去的兩個月里他一直沒用這輛車。III.基本用法1.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始，一直持續(xù)到說話之時，可能還會繼續(xù)下去。通常和“for＋時間段”或“since＋時間點(或從句)”的時間狀語連用。e.g.①Ithasbeensnowingforthreehours.雪已經下了三個小時。(從過去某一時間開始下雪，強調到現(xiàn)在還在下)②Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.雨已經下了兩個小時了。(現(xiàn)在還在下)③Jackhasbeenfeelingverywellrecently.杰克最近身體一直很好。(這個狀態(tài)還要延續(xù))2.表示剛剛結束的動作或狀態(tài)。這種意義通常根據(jù)上下文來判斷。e.g.①—Sorry!I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?—Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.——很抱歉，我遲到了。你們等了多長時間了？——我們已經等了你半個小時了。②Tomhasbeenseeingaboutaworkpermitforyou.

湯姆一直在想辦法給你弄一個工作許可證。③Thetobaccoindustryhasbeentryingtoimproveitsimage.

煙草行業(yè)一直在試圖改善其形象。3.強調動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)時間的長久或帶有感情色彩。e.g.①Shehasbeensayingthattwentytimes.這話她已經說了二十遍了。②Ihavebeenmeetinghimthesedays.這些天我總是遇見他。③Wehavebeenmakingsuchmistakes.我么一直犯這樣的錯誤。4.表示這段時間反復發(fā)生的事情。e.g.①IhavebeenvisitingsomecitiesofChinathismonth.這個月我一直在游覽中國的一些城市。②Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她從八歲起就打網球了。(經常發(fā)生,并且還要持續(xù))③We’vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.最近我們常常見面。IV.現(xiàn)在完成進行時所用的時間狀語allday/month;

thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+

時間段;since+時間點;for+

時間段，等等。如：e.g.①Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.

兩個月來他們一直在修橋。②

Carsaleshavebeenshrinkingrecently.

汽車銷量近來一直在下降。③ThetwopartieshavebeentryingtounitesincetheNewYear.

自從新年以來，雙方就一直在試圖聯(lián)手。V.不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時的情況1.某些不能用于進行時的動詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，如see,hear,know,have,like,be等。Hehasbeenhavingacoldfortwoweeks.(×)Hehashadacoldfortwoweeks.(√)2.不具有延續(xù)意義的動詞，如finish,e,go,marry等，也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時?！炯磳W即練1】完成句子①She__________________________recently.她最近工作一直很努力。②Hereyesarered.It’sobviousthatshe__________________________foralongtime.她的眼睛紅紅的，顯然哭了很長時間。③We__________________________sincewecamehere.自從到這里以后，我們一直住在旅館。④Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust.You__________________________,Ithink.你的衣服滿是灰塵，我想你一直在打掃教室吧。⑤Mysister__________________________since2016.自從2016年以來，我姐姐一直在學英語。V.現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的影響或產生的結果√強調動作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性√強調動作或狀態(tài)重復√表達生動，含有感情色彩√說明一個事實、一種影響或結果√1.兩者都表示動作從過去開始，但現(xiàn)在完成時著重表示動作的完成；而現(xiàn)在完成進行時著重表示動作的延續(xù)性。因此表示動作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時。e.g.Ihavereadthebook.我讀過了這本書。（動作完成了，強調影響及結果）Ihavebeenreadingthebookfortwohours.這本書我已經讀了兩個小時。（動作不一定完成，強調延續(xù)性）2.有少數(shù)動詞（如work,study,live,teach,stay等）在表示持續(xù)一段時間時，用這兩種時態(tài)含義差不多（只是用現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調動作的持續(xù)性）。e.g.Howlonghaveyouworked/beenworkinghere?你在這兒工作多久了？I’velived/beenlivingheresince1988.自1988年以來我就一直住在這兒。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們經常見面。3.現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。e.g.Ihavewaitedhereforherformorethantwohours.我在這里等了她兩個多小時。（陳述事實）Ihavebeenwaitinghereforherformorethantwohours.我在這里一直等了她兩個多小時。（等得好辛苦）Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一貫是那樣工作的。(贊許)4.不用于進行時態(tài)的動詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如某些靜態(tài)動詞know,marry,last等。e.g.I’veknownherfortwoyears.我認識她兩年了。They’vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他們結婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.這場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了很長時間。但不能說：Ihavebeenknowinghimfortwoyears.5.現(xiàn)在完成進行時不用于被動語態(tài)，若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替。e.g.Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.這房子已漆了一個月。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.這個問題已研究了五天。6.表示“重復”。既表示在一段持續(xù)的時間內動作多次的重復，而這個重復的動作在說話時并不一定正在進行。區(qū)別：e.g.Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去圖書館了。Hehasbeengoingtothelibraryrecently.最近他總去圖書館?！炯磳W即練2】用所給詞的適當形式填空①Althoughmanymeasures__________________________(take),theworld’seconomyisstillgoingdown.②Youshouldgotobed.You__________________________(watch)TVfor5hours.③They__________________________(plant)treessincethismorning.④Sorry,butMrSmith__________________________(leave)forBeijing.⑤Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe__________________________(play)inthemudallthemorning.⑥Bythetimeherealiseshe__________________________(walk)intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.二、單句語法填空：1.Asisknowntousall,Thegovernment__________(dispose)oftheairpollutiontheseyears.2.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichMichaelJordanstartedinChicago__________(help)youngpeoplesince1996.3.IgraduatedfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityin1998,andI__________(teach)Englishlecturesince.4.Itseemsthatwaterfromthistap__________(leak)forsometime.We’llhavetotakeitaparttoputitright.5.YuanLongping__________(struggle)forChinesefarmersoverthepastdecades.6.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.7.Thesescientists__________(work)attheprojectfornearlyfouryears,andIdon’tknowhowlongitwilllast.8.Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,__________(desire)tohavea20yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.9.Thelittlegirl’shandsareverydirty.She__________(play)withthemudallmorning.10.Astronomerssaythisisanaturalphenomenonthat__________(happen)foracentury.11.We__________(work)onitforseveralhoursbuthavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.12.You__________(write)thewholemorning.Youshouldstopandhaveabreak.13.“People__________(sit)thereandstandingthereandtakingpicturesofeachother,”Rosays.14.Iamsorryyou__________(wait)forsolong,butitwillstillbesometimebeforeJimgetsback.15.Tina__________(think)aboutfindinganewjobforawholeyear,butshehasn’tmadeherfinaldecisionyet.16.ThestudentswhoarepreparingfortheNationalEntranceExaminationforPostgraduate__________(wait)outsidethelibraryfortwohours.17.Thechildren__________(practise)dancinginthepastmonth,andhavemademuchprogressinit.18.Intwomonths,itwillbeThanksgiving.ChildrenallovertheUSA__________(look)forwardtothisdayforweeks.19.Thegreenhand__________(tackle)theproblemfortwoweeks,onlytorealizethathehasappliedawrongmeans.

20.Wecanfindbeautifullightintheotherperson,whichmaybepreciselywhatwe__________(search)forallalong.21.I__________(look)formylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven’tfoundit.22.We’vebeentoldthegoodnews,butwhenandwheretogofortheexcitingpaidvacation__________(notdiscuss)yet.23.Sincethebeginningofthevacation,I___________(travel)acrossthecountry,andmynextdestinationistheWuyiMountains.24.Overthepastdecades,seaice____________(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.25.Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair___________(ring)allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?26.Youknow,I___________(look)forajobforthreemonthsandthisismyfirstformalinterview.27.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe___________(play)inthemudallthemorning.28.I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He___________(prepare)foritformonths.29.—Youlookpale.—Iamtired.I___________(paint)thelivingroomallday.30.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.31.Danny__________(work)hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.

32.Thosecandidates___________(wait)inthehallforovertwohours.33.He___________(sleep)for6hoursandstillcan`twakeup.34.Mymother___________(clean)thefurniturethewholeweekend.35.Haveyoufinishedthereport?No,I___________(do)itallbymyself.36.Theseflowers___________(give)offastrangesmellthismorning.37.Marty___(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.38.It(rain)everydaysincethebeginningofthismonth.39.They

(be)hereforthreeyearsbytheendofthisyear.40.I(learn)ChineseformanyyearssinceIcametoChinathreeyearsago.41.Ithasetoourknowledgethatyou______(cheat)thepany.42.Eversincemiddleschool,he______(dream)abouttakingagreatbiketrip.43.Inrecentyears,militaryforces(assign)tohelpwithpeacekeeping.44.Forhalfamonth,he(prepare)fortheschoolbasketballgame.45.Inordertopletethetaskinadvance,she(bury)herselfintheworkthesedays.46.Thetobaccoindustry(try)toimproveitsimage.47.Thegroup(live)inaremotecorneroftheCambodianjungle.48.Jim(phone)Jennyeverynightforthelastweek.49.Thetwoparties___________(try)tounitesincetheNewYear.50.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.三、高考真題回顧：1.(2022·全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.

2.(2020北京卷)TheNeanderthals____________(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.3.(2020北京卷)OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood____________(play)abigroleinhislife.4.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI___________(make)overtheyears.四、語篇語法填空：(1)Asayoungmanofbothpassionandendurance,PerceBlackhorowhadlongbeendreaming1decentadventure.Sohedidn’tgiveupwhenSirErnestShackletonturneddownhisrequesttojointheexpedition.Perce2(secret)hidhimselfinacupboard,only3(find)threedaysaftertheysetoff.Hefeltfortunateandhappywhenhewasassignedasastewardinsteadof4(send)backhome.Itturnedouttobeatoughjourney.Theshipgot5(stick)intheiceastheyapproachedAntarcticaandtheyhadtoabandontheship.UndertheguidanceofSirErnest,they6(throw)awaynearlyeverythingexceptnecessitiesandabanjo,7kepttheirspiritsupduringthejourney.Survivalwasnoteasyandthingswentfrombadtoworse.FinallySirErnestleftforSouthGeorgiaIslandinordertofindhelp.ThedesperatesituationmadeyoungPerceBlackborowfeeldown8beebadtempered.Itwasthegenuine9(encourage)andconcernfromBlessFrankWildthatcheeredhimup.FrankandErnest’sresolveandperseverancefilledhimwithhope.Realizingthatheshouldn’tbeeselfishjustbecauseof10adversitytheywerefacedwith,helearnedtobeoptimisticanddetermined.(2)Manyofmyfriendslikefallandtakeitastheirfavoriteseason.Lastweekend,Iwentoutdoorsandsoon1(find)adeeperappreciationforthisseason.Thechangeofleafcolorsisamonreasongiven2theloveoffall.Eachtreereacts3(different)tothechangeoftheseason.Someshedtheirleavesinhopesofreproducing；however,other4(tree)remaingreenforaslongaspossibletogainadditionalenergyfromthesuntosurvivethewinter.Thiseffect5(call)theflightorfightresponse.Fallisatimeof6(reflect)andpreparationfortheyearahead.Ihavefoundameaningoffallforme.I’m718yearoldboyinthefinalyearofhighschoolandmylifeisajobinprogress.TherearetimesIwanttogiveup,butthenIlookaroundmeandrealizelifekeeps8(move).Thenaturalcycleoflifeisbeautifulanddoesn’tstopgrowingsoIhavetolearntokeepup.Themeaningoffallisdifferentforeachperson.Iencourageyou9(go)outtofollowsomepathorsidewalkanddiscover10fallmeanstoyou.(3)Ayoungman,while1(travel)throughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.Thewaterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour–dayjourney,theyoungmanpresentedthewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiledwarmly,andthankedhisstudentverymuch3thesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthomewithahappyheart.Afterthestudent4(leave),theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,5(say)itwasawful.Obviously,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretend6(like)it”Theteacherreplied,“Youtastethewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwas7(simple)thecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe8(sweet).Weunderstandthislessonbestwhenwereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whether9isacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseis10(appreciate).Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.(4)MaxWoosey,an11yearoldfromtheUnitedKingdom,hasspenthistimeduringCOVIDdoingsomething1(mean).Max’sfamilywerelookingaftertheirneighbor,Rick,whowas2(die)ofcancer.BeforeRickpassed3,hegaveMaxatentandhadhimpromisetohaveanadventure.So,afterRickdied,MaxdecidedtoraisemoneyfortheNorthDevonHospice,