高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解分析講解課件（77張）

閱讀理解解題技巧★《考試大綱》要求1、理解主旨和要義；2、理解文中具體信息；3、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；4、做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；5、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6、理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。推理判斷題主旨大意題細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞義猜測(cè)題細(xì)節(jié)理解題

1.直接細(xì)節(jié)題屬于低層次的題，答案直接在文中能找到，常見(jiàn)的用who,what,when,where,why,how等提問(wèn)。2.語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換題選項(xiàng)中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)原文中直接答案，而是借助同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，概念解析，歸納事實(shí)等方法對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行適當(dāng)變化來(lái)完成答題任務(wù)。3.信息理解題這類信息主要用于應(yīng)用文（廣告，公告，海報(bào)，車船航班時(shí)間表等）類閱讀理解題中考察。常常對(duì)文中某一方面進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，完全沒(méi)有必要從頭到尾仔細(xì)閱讀材料?？焖賹ふ倚畔?。4.細(xì)節(jié)排序題試題根據(jù)考生動(dòng)作的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事情發(fā)生，發(fā)展的正確順序。運(yùn)用首尾定位法，即先找出首先發(fā)生的事，再找出最后放生的事，迅速縮小范圍，從而快速得出答案。一、設(shè)題方式1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/notmentioned?2.Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?3.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.4.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept..?5.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof..?6.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof...?二、如何做細(xì)節(jié)理解題1)題干定位法:采取“點(diǎn)擊式閱讀”

找出關(guān)鍵詞2)掃讀法:迅速掃讀相關(guān)詞匯，然后尋出相關(guān)詞匯的同義或反義表達(dá)。3)首尾定位法(排序題):找出第一件事和最后一件事。讀尋思定Sample1ApprovedandProhibitedItemsThefollowingitemsareapprovedforuseinresidential(住宿的)rooms:electricblankets,hairdryers,personalcomputers,radios,televisionsandDVDplayers.Itemsthatarenotallowedinstudentroomsinclude:candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsandwirelessrouters.PleasenotethatanyprohibiteditemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife.36.Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?A.Ceilingfansandwaterbeds.B.WirelessroutersandradiosC.Hairdryersandcandles.D.TVsandelectricblankets.

語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換細(xì)節(jié)題：approve同義詞allowDSample2AccesstoResidentialRoomsStudentsareprovidedwithacombination(組合密碼)fortheirroomdoorlocksuponcheck-in.Donotshareyourroomdoorlockcombinationwithanyone.TheOfficeofResidenceLifemaychangethedoorlockcombinationatanytimeattheexpenseoftheresidentifitisfoundthatthestudenthassharedthecombinationwithothers.Thefeeis$25tochangearoomcombination.37.Whatifastudentisfoundtohavetoldhiscombinationtoothers?A.Thecombinationshouldbechanged. B.TheOfficeshouldbecharged.C.Heshouldreplacethedoorlock. D.Heshouldcheckoutoftheroom.

told…to…→share…with…ASample3CookingPolicyStudentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven(微波爐)toheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.38.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?A.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.C.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthekitchen.D.Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking.

A題目無(wú)法定位時(shí)，利用選項(xiàng)定位Sample4QuietHoursResidentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmospherethatsupportstheacademicmissionoftheUniversity.Minimumquiethoursinallcampusresidencesare11:00pmto8:00amSundaythroughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturdaynightsare1:00amto8:00am.Studentswhoviolatequiethoursaresubjecttoafineof$25.40.Whencanstudentsenjoyapartyinresidences?A.7:00am,Sunday. B.7:30am,Thursday.C.11:30pm,Monday. D.00:30am,Saturday.

D利用特殊語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象定位主旨大意題

考查學(xué)生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對(duì)某一語(yǔ)段或某一語(yǔ)篇的主題,標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。一、設(shè)題方式1)主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的類主旨大意題Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...3)標(biāo)題類主旨大意題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…二、如何做主旨大意題1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。2)找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時(shí)，我們可以：

讀首句抓大意

讀尾句抓大意

讀首尾段抓大意3.)無(wú)明顯主題句時(shí)高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。①標(biāo)題法②首尾法③主題詞法Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

（1）主題句在段首

一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開(kāi)頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說(shuō)文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。

設(shè)計(jì)Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（4）在短文中間當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí),通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.1)關(guān)注一些表征強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞“but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed,”等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。

2)

關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞：“in

brief/short,

above/in/after/all

in

all,

conclusion,

inaword”等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。

3)

如果主題句含有show,indicate和suggest等詞，重點(diǎn)看其后的賓語(yǔ)從句。

主題句在短文中間

Sample5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

●Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels

1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis___.Apractice2.ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區(qū))oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter……ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwideTheauthorintendsto

.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependent

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle3

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking..詞義猜測(cè)題

要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義一、設(shè)題方式詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式有1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans

/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean

______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”

standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......二、如何做詞義猜測(cè)型題1)構(gòu)詞法Wordformation1.派生詞、復(fù)合詞、詞性變化2.英語(yǔ)各種前綴與后綴2)語(yǔ)境法Contextclues1.定義描述2.同義反義3.因果關(guān)系4.舉例歸納5.生活常識(shí)6.上下推斷①見(jiàn)形辨義②望文生義1.(05重慶卷)1.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.2.It’struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.3.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

（合成形容詞）（詞性變化）（派生法,復(fù)合法，轉(zhuǎn)化法）（詞的派生）1)構(gòu)詞法Wordformationsuperman

microwave(超人)nonnatural

mispronounce(非自然的)

homeless

nonsmoker(無(wú)家可歸的)rebuild

eastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯(cuò)音)(向東)1)構(gòu)詞法Wordformation中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無(wú)）-wards(向)

Sample1Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:無(wú)條件的，絕對(duì)的沒(méi)有判斷力的Ex.1

1.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.

2.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.替代豐滿的2)語(yǔ)境法Contextclues1.定義描述定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語(yǔ)從句或is,becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等詞匯或破折號(hào)來(lái)表示；或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語(yǔ)解釋生詞

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderly(有秩序的)way.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.

◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.

混亂天生的2)語(yǔ)境法Contextclues2.同義反義由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等連接的兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成同義關(guān)系；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though,onthecontrary

◎

Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

混濁的◎SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.復(fù)制品精明的

修剪2)語(yǔ)境法Contextclues3.因果關(guān)系常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。1.Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveovenect.2.Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.家電民俗2)語(yǔ)境法Contextclues4.舉例歸納常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義。EX.5

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.麻藥波紋膨脹冷縮2)語(yǔ)境法Contextclues5.生活常識(shí)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將生詞推測(cè)出來(lái)。因此平時(shí)多了解英美國(guó)家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，社會(huì)生活等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測(cè)詞義的能力自然就提高了Janeisusuallyprompt.A．lateB．ontimeC．pleasedJaneisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclasstoday.adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即時(shí)的adv.準(zhǔn)時(shí)地2)語(yǔ)境法Contextclues6.上下推斷所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對(duì)于詞語(yǔ)或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。猜測(cè)生詞義或句意時(shí)，一定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，進(jìn)行合情合理的推測(cè)，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊(yùn)含在其中的深意。Passage1

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage3

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage4

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage5

Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.

Theunderlinedword“astounded”means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedDHowtoguessthemeaningofwords?推理判斷題推理判斷型考察要領(lǐng)考查學(xué)生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隱含信息的能力,根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測(cè)作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性、作者的傾向或意圖、文章的論調(diào)等?？疾祛愋鸵话惴譃樗姆N：細(xì)節(jié)推理題；寫作意圖題；文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象題；作者態(tài)度傾向題1“暗示”/“支持”/“總結(jié)”B就近原則

Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“l(fā)ikes”fortheironlineposts.66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause_______.A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate

(2018·江蘇卷D篇)

A路標(biāo)詞原則2“找到”/“來(lái)自”/“拿出”B考查出處的選項(xiàng)中可能出現(xiàn)的詞匯:advertisement廣告newspaper報(bào)紙poster海報(bào)diary日記letter信件magazine雜志guidebook指南storybook故事書(shū)sciencebook科學(xué)書(shū)brochure小冊(cè)子3“目的”/“想要告訴”/“展示”B中心詞原則4“態(tài)度”/“作者認(rèn)為”Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Disapproving.D．Uncaring.B情感詞原則表示作者態(tài)度的詞匯一肯定positiveadj.肯定的,實(shí)際的,積極的,,確實(shí)的favorableadj.贊成的,有利的,贊許的,良好的approvaln.贊成,承認(rèn),正式批準(zhǔn)enthusiasmn.狂熱,熱心,積極性supportiveadj.支持的，支援的defensive為……而辯護(hù)二否定neg