Unit1ThemassmediaGrammarUsage課件高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性

ReadtheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzeronpage6toknowmoreabouthim.Whostartedthefirstschoolofjournalism?Lead

inExploringtherulesHemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizen.HeofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.TheColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.JosephPulitzerwasborn.Hebecameapublisher.PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld.Pulitzerdied.ThefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.10April,18471878188318921917PulitzerfoundedStLouisPost-Dispatch.The1860s187219111912ReadthelifestoryonPage6,andfinishthetimeline.…bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.hehadbecomeapublisher.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatch...1.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw-bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.2....bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.3.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheSt

LouisPost-Dispatch…beforehadWorkingouttherulesWeoftenusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathappened________(before/after)apasttime.Theverbformofthepastperfecttenseis________(hane/haddone)

nowpastpastperfectPastperfecttense：過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)主要用來表示在過去之前發(fā)生的事或做的動(dòng)作，即過去的過去，通常與一般過去時(shí)連用。①ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.她在來學(xué)院前已學(xué)過一些英語。②Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.他說他在國(guó)外待了3年了?？隙ㄊ綖開_________________；否定式為__________________；被動(dòng)式為__________________。①She

said

she

had

never

been

to

Paris.

她說她從未去過巴黎。②TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyusbeforelastFriday.

我們?cè)谏闲瞧谖迩熬屯瓿闪诉@項(xiàng)工作。haddonehadnotdonehadbeendone過去完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)過去完成時(shí)的基本用法1.表示在過去的某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。①Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

我們到達(dá)火車站之前，火車就已經(jīng)離開了。②BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,hehadrunaway.

我還沒來得及說“謝謝”，他就跑開了。2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有bythen,bytheendof,bythetime。①Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.

到上學(xué)期期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了2,000個(gè)英語單詞了。②Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbythen.

到那時(shí)為止，他們已經(jīng)在那住了10年了。3.表示愿望、打算等的動(dòng)詞，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接從句時(shí)，一般用過去完成時(shí)表示本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和計(jì)劃。①Ihadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.

我本打算去機(jī)場(chǎng)接他，但是我有個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。②IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.

我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不開。(1)

It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時(shí)。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.這是我第一次參觀長(zhǎng)城。(2)Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since從句，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)。Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.他參軍三年了。過去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和Nosooner…than…中，主句常用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)，表示“一……就……”。①

Hardlyhadhegotintohisbigofficewhen

thetelephonerang.

他剛進(jìn)入他的大辦公室,電話鈴就響了。

②

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthan

hewasaskedtoleaveagain.

他剛到就再次被要求離開。①

John(had)left

beforeIcamehome.

約翰在我回家之前就走了。②Hebegantowriteareviewafterhe(had)watchedthefilmtwice.

這部電影他看了兩遍后就開始寫評(píng)論。由于after和before本身就能明確地表示時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，若主從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主從句均使用一般過去時(shí)。如果時(shí)間狀語由before

引導(dǎo)，從句用一般過去時(shí)；如果時(shí)間狀語由after引導(dǎo)，after引導(dǎo)的從句用過去完成時(shí)。1.定義:過去完成時(shí)主要用來表示在過去之前發(fā)生的事或做的動(dòng)作，即過去的過去，通常與一般過去時(shí)連用。2.結(jié)構(gòu):肯定：

否定：

3.用于過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:bythen,bytheendof,bythetime等。4.表示愿望、打算等的動(dòng)詞，如hope,want等后接從句時(shí),表示本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和計(jì)劃。5.常用固定句型①It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句②Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since從句③Hardly/Scarcely…when…④Nosooner…than…h(huán)addone/hadbeendonehadnotdone/hadnotbeendoneAFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Bythetime,Tom_____________(found)hisownbusiness.2.Mybrotherisanactor.He

_____________(appear)inseveralfilmssofar.3.Thetrain__________(leave)beforeIgottothestation.4.I______________(learn)EnglishforsevenyearswhenIgraduatedfromhighschool.5.Shesaidshe_________(see)theheadmasteralready.hadfoundedhadlefthadlearnedhasappearedhadseenApplyingtherules1.PulitzerknewthathehadlearntverylittleEnglish,sohehadstartedtoworkhardatthelanguage.2.Pulitzerwasveryhard-working.Quiteoften,whenhearrivedhomeatmidnight,hewasworkingforover10hours.3.Forthetimehewas25,Pulitzerhadbecomeasuccessfuljournalistandpublisher.4.Manyofthebestreportershaveworkedforhispaperbeforeitsfailurein1931.Circlethemistakesandcorrect