Unit 4NaturalDisasters DiscoveringUsefulStructures(分層作業(yè))高一英語必修（人教版2019第二冊(cè)）

Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures習(xí)題檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)一、根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞1．The(供應(yīng)品)whichareprovidedtothedisasterareawillbecollectedfromaroundthecountry.【答案】supplies2．Ofallthemuseum’spaintings,onlyone(幸存)thefire.【答案】survived3．Afishermanistryingto(幸存)astorm.【答案】survive4．Theyhavereceivednoticeofanapproaching(臺(tái)風(fēng)).【答案】typhoon5．Hesaysit’slikeavolcanoreadyto(噴發(fā)).【答案】erupt6．Accordingtoaweatherreport,a(颶風(fēng))calledBettyisnowapproachingthecoastofFlorida.【答案】hurricane7．Putonyourhikingbootsandexploreislandswithwaterfallsandactive(火山).【答案】volcano(e)s8．Youknowthatexpertsarethosewho(掌握)newskills.【答案】master9．Herson(沉迷于)putergames.【答案】isaddictedto10．Timeranoutbeforewecouldgetdowntothe（細(xì)節(jié)）oftheplan.【答案】details二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子11．Thelittleboystopped(cry)whenhesawthenewtoycarandbegantoplaywithithappily.【答案】crying12．Themoviewasreally(terrify),andeverybodywasveryshocked.【答案】terrifying13．Byparison，hisworsthabitis(smoke)whilehavingdinner.【答案】smoking14．Iapologizefornot(arrive)ontimetopickyouupfromthebusstationyesterday.【答案】arriving15．Iamsorrytoknowthatyouarehavingtroublein(deal)withyourparents.【答案】dealing16．Iregret(tell)youthatyoursonPeterbrokehisrightarmaccidentally.【答案】totell【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我很遺憾地告訴您，您的兒子彼得不小心摔斷了右臂。regrettodosth.很遺憾地做某事(事情還沒有做)。根據(jù)句意，故填totell。17．Thereisnodoubtthatreadingbookscanhaveagoodeffectthechildren.【答案】on/upon18．Inordertofindmore(effect)waystoprotecttheenvironment,wecalledonthegovernmenttoputthelaweffect.【答案】effectiveinto19．Heissokindaboythatheoftenaidshismother(clean)thehouse.【答案】toclean20．Idon’tunderstandJapaneseatall,soitismypowertohelpyoustudyit.【答案】beyond三、語法知識(shí)檢測(cè)Ⅰ.用合適的關(guān)系詞填空21．Therearetwopointswemuststickto.【答案】that/which【詳解】考查定語從句。分析句子可知本句為定語從句，先行詞為points，先行詞在從句中作stickto的賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which，故填that或which。22．ThemanoverthereisherfatherhasjustefromLondon.【答案】who/that【詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個(gè)包含定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞為herfather，因先行詞在定語從句中做主語指人，使用who或that引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填who/that。23．Avoiddrinksmaykeepyoufromsleeping,suchascoffeeandtea.【答案】that/which【詳解】先行詞為drinks，作定語從句的主語，關(guān)系代詞為that或者which。24．ThevolunteerswillneverforgetthedaystheyspentinGuangzhou.【答案】that/which【詳解】定語從句修飾先行詞days，從句缺少賓語，指物，故用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)。25．Theboyandthedogareinthepicturelookverylovely.【答案】that【詳解】分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Theboyandthedog，先行詞既有人又有物，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that作引導(dǎo)詞。故填that。26．Heistheyoungscientistnameisknownalloverthecountry.【答案】whose【詳解】定語從句中缺少定語成分，先行詞scientist與name之間是所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)從句。27．Thiswasanamazingandrewardingactivityoffirstaidmadeadeepimpressiononeverystudentinourgrade.【答案】which【詳解】空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞activity，指物，在定語從句中作主語，需用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。28．TheoldmanwithIoftengototheparkismygrandfather.【答案】whom【詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞oldman，并在在從句中作介詞with的賓語，故填whom。29．Wechosenottoliveinthehousewindowwasdamagedbythehurricane.【答案】whose【詳解】此處考查限制性定語從句，先行詞為thehouse，與從句中的window為所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞“whose”引導(dǎo)從句。30．IalsohadafriendItrustedalot.【答案】who【詳解】分析句子可知，空處缺少關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為friend，表示人，用who。31．Isthisthemuseumarousesmanypeople’sinterest?【答案】that/which【詳解】空格處引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞museum是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞that/which，故填that/which。32．Theflooddestroyedallthebookswereputonthefirstfloor.【答案】that【詳解】此處考查限制性定語從句，先行詞thebooks為物，被all修飾，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。33．ThisisthebestTVsetismadeinChina.【答案】that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這是中國(guó)制造的最好的電視機(jī)。先行詞TVset被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。34．Astudyshowsthestudentswhotakepartinextra-curricularactivitiesarehappierthanthosedonot.【答案】who【詳解】分析句子，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞代詞those，表示人用who。故填who。35．Weshouldlearntobargainwiththosesellgoods,whichwillhelpussavemoney.【答案】who【詳解】those后為定語從句，從句缺少主語且those指代人，故填who。36．Alltheapplesfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.【答案】that【詳解】分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theapples，先行詞指物，在從句中作主語，且先行詞被all修飾，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that作引導(dǎo)詞。故填that。37．Iwilltalktothosestudentsoftheworkhasn’tbeendone.【答案】whom【詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，從句中缺少介詞of的賓語，所以使用關(guān)系代詞，先行詞students指的是人，且位于介詞of之后，所以只能使用關(guān)系代詞whom。故填whom。38．Hereisthegirlschoolbaghasbeenstolen.【答案】whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這就是書包被偷的那個(gè)女孩。分析句子可知，空處為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞；先行詞thegirl在從句中作schoolbag的定語成分，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)從句。39．Thenumberofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.【答案】who/that【詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個(gè)包含定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞為：Thenumberofpeople，因先行詞在定語從句中做主語指人，使用who或that引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填who/that。40．HeisthemostboringspeakerIhaveeverheard.【答案】that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他是我所聽過的最無聊的演講者。定語從句修飾先行詞speaker，在從句中作主語，指人，且由最高級(jí)修飾只能用that。故填that。Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子41．Thestudent’scalligraphyworkwasshownontheblackboard.Iknowthestudent.【答案】Iknowthestudentwhosecalligraphyworkwasshownontheblackboard.42．Themancreatedthefamousuniversity.Themanneverfinishedcollege.【答案】Themanwho/thatcreatedthefamousuniversityneverfinishedcollege.43．Theputeristooslow.Iboughttheputerfouryearsago.【答案】TheputerwhichIboughtfouryearsagoistooslow./TheputerthatIboughtfouryearsagoistooslow.44．Thestudent’sarticlewaspublished.Iknowthestudent.【答案】Iknowthestudentwhosearticlewaspublished.45．HanMeimeiisstudyingEnglishverywell.Shehasneverbeenabroad.【答案】HanMeimei,whohasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.46．Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthethings.Theyrememberedtheminolddays.【答案】Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheyrememberedinolddays.47．I’vereceivedthebook.Myfathersentittome.(that/which)【答案】I’vereceivedthebookthatmyfathersenttome./I’vereceivedthebookwhichmyfathersenttome.48．Thelongbridgestilllooksnice.Thebridgehasbeentherefornearlyfiftyyears.【答案】Thelongbridgewhichhasbeentherefornearlyfiftyyearsstilllooksnice./Thelongbridgethathasbeentherefornearlyfiftyyearsstilllooksnice49．Ihavelookedupthewordsinthedictionary.Iborrowedthedictionaryfromthelibrary.【答案】IhavelookedthewordsinthedictionarywhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.能力提升四、漢譯英50．但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格，不管做什么我都會(huì)全力以赴?！敬鸢浮緽utthatisthewayIroll,nomatterwhatitisIamapplyingmyselfto.51．為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我想要的一切，我必須好好利用時(shí)間。【答案】InordertoachieveeverythingthatIwant,Imustmakegooduseofmytime.52．他們最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是澳大利亞足球【答案】Thegame/sport(that)theylikemostisAustralianfootball./Theirfavoritegame/sportisAustralianfootball.53．如果他們不喜歡我做的旅行安排怎么辦?【答案】Whatiftheydon’tlikethetravelarrangementsthatI’vemade?/Whatiftheydon’tlikemyarrangementsforthetrip?54．你參觀過以一個(gè)英雄的名字命名的那個(gè)公園嗎？【答案】Haveyouvisitedtheparkwhich/thatwasnamedafterahero?55．這個(gè)小程序在圖書館的應(yīng)用要?dú)w功于那個(gè)致力于搞科學(xué)研發(fā)的學(xué)生?！敬鸢浮縏heapplicationofthisminiprograminthelibraryiscreditedtothestudentswhoarededicatedtoscientificresearchanddevelopment.56．是一個(gè)有著50年歷史的世界著名的主題公園?！敬鸢浮縄tisaworldfamousthemeparkwhichhasahistoryof50years.57．據(jù)說，不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。(It’ssaidthat+定語從句)【答案】ItissaidthathewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.58．在聽取了研究該問題的科學(xué)家的意見后，政府于1959年向聯(lián)合國(guó)求助?！敬鸢浮緼fterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.59．希望工程是為了幫助那些因?yàn)樨毟F而輟學(xué)的孩子設(shè)計(jì)的?！敬鸢浮縏heProjectHopeisdesignedtohelpthosechildrenwhodropoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty.拓展延伸五、完形填空Theearthquakewasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomeasallthe

60hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI

61anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread,whichmademyheart62.Amanwasholdingasignsaying,“Pleaseuseourhouse.”Hewas63hishouseforpeopletogototherestroom.ThenextdayIdrovetohavemycar64.Therewasnotenoughgasnowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhadvery65lines.Igotworried,66Iwasbehindfifteencars.Finally,whenmy67came,themansmiledandsaid,“68thissituation,weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.Isthatalright?”“Ofcourse.It’snicethatweareallableto69,”Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchfort.AttheescapecenterIsawaman70whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeenbroughttotheircenter.However,afterhecleanedupthetears,hisnext71surprisedme.“Iamvery72thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven’t73anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”Hearingthat,Irealizedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis74.60．A．life B．business C．rescue D．traffic61．A．noticed B．missed C．ignored D．caught62．A．kind B．broken C．warm D．empty63．A．opening B．selling C．repairing D．building64．A．usedup B．takenup C．filledup D．washedaway65．A．direct B．fine C．long D．thin66．A．since B．once C．until D．unless67．A．time B．turn C．duty D．decision68．A．Exceptfor B．Togetherwith C．Insteadof D．Becauseof69．A．share B．offer C．learn D．choose70．A．crying B．eating C．smiling D．singing71．A．ways B．roles C．words D．promises72．A．sure B．grateful C．surprised D．proud73．A．bought B．wasted C．prepared D．received74．A．disaster B．chance C．city D．center【答案】60．D61．A62．C63．A64．C65．C66．A67．B68．D69．A70．A71．C72．B73．D74．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者所在的城市地震后遇到的溫暖的人和事。60．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于地震，所有的交通都停止了，我別無選擇，只能步行回家。A.life人生、生命；B.business商業(yè)、生意；C.rescue營(yíng)救、救援；D.traffic交通。根據(jù)“Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomeasallthe

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hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.”可知，地震發(fā)生后，所有的“交通”都停了，所以作者只能走路回家。故選D項(xiàng)。61．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我注意到面包店的一位老太太在分發(fā)免費(fèi)的面包，這使我的心暖暖的。A.noticed注意到；B.missed錯(cuò)過、想念；C.ignored忽略、無視；D.caught捕捉。根據(jù)下文“anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread”可知，回家路上，應(yīng)該是“注意到”一位老太太在分發(fā)免費(fèi)的面包。故選A項(xiàng)。62．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我注意到面包店的一位老太太在分發(fā)免費(fèi)的面包，這使我的心暖暖的。A.kind善良的、仁慈的；B.broken損壞的、破碎的；C.warm溫暖的；D.empty空的、空虛的。根據(jù)上文“anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread”可知，看到老太太在分發(fā)免費(fèi)的面包，作者應(yīng)該很感動(dòng)，即心里應(yīng)該是“溫暖的”。故選C項(xiàng)。63．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他打開房門，讓人們?nèi)ハ词珠g。A.opening打開；B.selling銷售；C.repairing修理；D.building建造。根據(jù)“Pleaseuseourhouse.”可知，讓別人用自己家的洗手間，所以應(yīng)該是“打開”房門。故選A項(xiàng)。64．考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：第二天我開車去加油。A.usedup用完；B.takenup占據(jù)；C.filledup加滿；D.washedaway洗掉。由下文“Therewasnotenoughgasnow”可知，作者開車要去加滿汽油。故選C項(xiàng)。65．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在汽油不夠了，許多加油站不是關(guān)門了就是排了很長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)。A.direct直接的；B.fine好的；C.long長(zhǎng)的；D.thin瘦的。根據(jù)上文“Therewasnotenoughgasnowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosed”可知，現(xiàn)在汽油不夠，有的加油站關(guān)門了，由此可知，開門的加油站前排了很長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)。故選C項(xiàng)。66．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)槲腋?5輛車后面。A.since因?yàn)?；B.once一旦；C.until直到；D.unless除非。根據(jù)上文“Igotworried”和下文“Iwasbehindfifteencars”可知，作者擔(dān)心，是因?yàn)樽约号旁?5輛車的后面，應(yīng)用since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故選A項(xiàng)。67．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，輪到我的時(shí)候，那個(gè)男人笑著說:“因?yàn)檫@種情況，我們每人只給30美元的汽油?！盇.time時(shí)間；B.turn輪次；C.duty責(zé)任；D.decision決定。由下文“weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson”可知，加油站的工作人員對(duì)作者說，只能給作者30美元的汽油，這說明到了輪到給作者的車加油的時(shí)候了。故選B項(xiàng)。68．考查短語詞義辨析。句意：最后，輪到我的時(shí)候，那個(gè)男人笑著說：“因?yàn)檫@種情況，我們每人只給30美元的汽油。”A.Exceptfor除了；B.Togetherwith與……一起；C.Insteadof代替；D.Becauseof因?yàn)?。由下文“thissituation,weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.”和上文提到的作者后面還有15量車等著加油可知，由于排隊(duì)加油的車輛還有很多，所以工作人員決定只能給每輛車加30美元的汽油，故選D項(xiàng)。69．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)然。我們都能分享真是太好了，”我說。他的微笑給了我很多安慰。A.share分享；B.offer提供；C.learn學(xué)會(huì)；D.choose選擇。根據(jù)上文“Becauseofthissituation,weareonlygiving$30worthgasperperson.Isthatalright?”和“It’snicethatweareallableto

____10____,”可知，由于特殊情況，每個(gè)人限定30美元的汽油，以保證都能加上油，這是在“分享”，故選A項(xiàng)。70．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在逃亡中心，當(dāng)人們給一個(gè)男人送食物時(shí)，我看到他在哭。A.crying哭；B.eating吃；C.smiling笑；D.singing唱歌。根據(jù)下文“afterhecleanedupthetears”可知，這個(gè)人是在哭，故選A項(xiàng)。71．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在他擦干眼淚之后，他接下來的話讓我大吃一驚。A.ways路、方式；B.roles角色、作用；C.words話語、語言；D.promises承諾、諾言。根據(jù)下文雙引號(hào)中的話可知，男人說了一番話，所以此處指他的“話”讓作者大吃一驚，故選C項(xiàng)。72．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感激我們得到了食物。A.sure確定的；B.grateful感激的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.proud驕傲的。由下文“thatweareprovidedwithfood”可知，地震后給人們免費(fèi)提供食物，所以男人很感激，故選B項(xiàng)。73．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們隔壁城市的居民根本沒有收到任何食物。A.bought買；B.wasted浪費(fèi)；C.prepared準(zhǔn)備；D.received接收。根據(jù)“Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven’t

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anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”可知，隔壁城市的市民沒有收到任何食物，所以男人請(qǐng)求人們?nèi)ジ舯诔鞘蟹职l(fā)食物，故選D項(xiàng)。74．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聽到這些，我意識(shí)到在這個(gè)城市的另一邊有一個(gè)光明的未來。A.disaster災(zāi)難；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.city城市；D.center中心。根據(jù)前面的“Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven’t

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anyfoodatall.”可知，隔壁城市沒有收到食物，所以男人請(qǐng)求人們?nèi)ジ舯诔鞘兴褪澄铮纱丝芍?，這個(gè)“城市”的另一邊，即隔壁城市會(huì)收到食物，即有一個(gè)光明的未來，故選C項(xiàng)。六、七選五Riversplayanimportantroleontheearth,andwecan'timaginewhattheearthwouldbelikewithoutrivers.

75Withalengthof6,650kilometers,theNileisthelongestriverintheworld.TheNileRiverhasbeenthesourceofhumancivilizationsinceancienttimes.TheNilehastwomainbranches—theWhiteNileandtheBlueNile.TheWhiteNilestartsfromtheGreatLakesregionofEastandCentralAfricathroughLakeVictoria.76TheBlueNilecarrieswithitalotoffertilesoilwhichturnsouttobeveryimportanttofarminginEgypt.TheAmazonRiveristheworld'slargestriverwithawidthofabout40kilometersduringtherainyseasonsbutabout10kilometerswidewhenitisnotflooded.TheAmazonRiverhassuchabigwatervolumethatitaccountsfor(占.....比例)morethan20%ofalltheworld’sfreshwater—farmorethananyotherriver.77ThemainAmazonRiverflowsmostlythroughBrazilandPerubutitstributariescanalsobefoundinmanyothercountries.78Ithasadepthofabout250meters.Itslengthis4,700kilometers.ThesourcesoftheCongoRiverareinthehighlandsandmountainsintheEasternAfricaRiftValley.It'sthesecondlargestriverintermsofwatervolume.79TheCongoRiverbasin(盆地)isthecatchments(流域，集水區(qū))areaoftheCongoRiver.ItliesinbothnorthandsouthoftheEquator,makingitsflowverystableastherearealwayssometr