專插本《公共英語》模擬測(cè)試四附答案

專插本《公共英語》模擬測(cè)試四[復(fù)制]PartIVocabularyandStructure(35%)1.Asamatteroffact,theywouldratherleaveforBeijingthan（）inShanghai.[單選題]*A.stay(正確答案)B.stayingC.stayedD.tostay答案解析：句意：事實(shí)上，他們寧愿去北京也不愿意待在上海。該題考查的是wouldrather...than…(寧愿…也不…)結(jié)構(gòu)。wouldrather和than連接的是兩個(gè)并列謂語，因此，than后面的動(dòng)詞也用原形。A為正確答案。2.Ibrokeadishwhilewashingupthismorning.Ofcourse,Ididnot（）[單選題]*A.lovetoB.needtoC.meanto(正確答案)D.wantto答案解析：句意：今天早晨我洗碗的時(shí)候打碎了一個(gè)盤子，當(dāng)然，我并不是故意的。該題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，loveto意為“喜歡/愿意做……”；needto意為“需要做……”；meanto意為“有意做……;故意做……”；wantto意為“想要做……”。根據(jù)題干的意思，可以知道C最符合題意。3.（）isoftenthecase,onethirdoftheworkershaveover-fulfilledtheproductionplan.[單選題]*A.WhatB.ThisC.ThatD.As(正確答案)答案解析：句意：如往常一樣，有三分之一的工人已經(jīng)超額完成了生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃。該題考查的是非限制性定語從句。題干全句被逗號(hào)分隔成了兩個(gè)部分,后面的是一個(gè)完整的句子，中間沒有連詞連接，因此可以判斷前面不是一個(gè)完整的句子，故this和that可以排除。what是不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的，只能選擇D。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在句中可以充當(dāng)主語或賓語，通常放在句首或句尾。4.Wedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.You（）ussinceyouwerethere.[單選題]*A.mighthelpB.shouldhelpC.couldhavehelped(正確答案)D.musthavehelped答案解析：句意：我們沒有及時(shí)完成工作，既然你在那兒，你本應(yīng)該幫助我們的。該題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟完成式的用法。couldhavedone表示本來能做而實(shí)際沒有做,有時(shí)用來提出委婉的批評(píng)或表示后悔；而musthavedone則表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行肯定的推測(cè)，意為“一定，肯定”。因此，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該選擇C。5.Mr.Jones,（）lifewasonceveryhard,isnowverysuccessfulinhisbusiness.[單選題]*A.ofhimB.hisC.whose(正確答案)D.bywhom答案解析：句意：瓊斯先生曾經(jīng)生活很艱難，而現(xiàn)在生意做得很成功。該題考查的是非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞的選用。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代同有who,whom,whose,which,that等，要根據(jù)先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥磉x用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞。whose是屬格，在從句中做定語，意為“……的”。因此，根據(jù)題意，該題的正確答案產(chǎn)為C。6.Idecidetoleavethecompanynextmonth,whereI（）forexactlythreeyears.[單選題]*A.workB.isworkingC.willbeworkingD.willhaveworked(正確答案)答案解析：句意：我決定下個(gè)離開這家公司，屆時(shí)我在這里工作就整三年了。該題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別是四種不同的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的常和完成時(shí)連用的for(后接—段時(shí)間狀語)，以及題意中暗含的意思——到下個(gè)月才滿三年，可以推斷出應(yīng)該用將來完成時(shí),表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止動(dòng)作的持續(xù)或存在的狀態(tài)。因此，選D。7.Canyou()thedifference（）thetwophrases?[單選題]*A.tell；between(正確答案)B.speak；fromC.say;ofD.talk;between答案解析：句意：你能說出這兩個(gè)短語的不同嗎？本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞詞組的同定搭配,“tellthediffencebetween...”意為"說出兩者的不間之處'因此A符合題意.8.SinceDickwasbusy,herarelyhadtimetogotothecinema;（）[單選題]*A.JanedidtooB.Janedidn’taswellC.sodidJaneD.nordidJane(正確答案)答案解析：句意：迪克很忙，聽以很少有時(shí)間看電影；簡(jiǎn)也一樣。該題考查的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).題橫殘前面的句子有副詞rarely,表示否定的概念,橫線上要填的部分表示和前面提到的情況相同，因此要用代詞nor引導(dǎo)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果前面所說的情況是肯定的，并同樣適用于另外的人，就應(yīng)用so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。根據(jù)題意，該題的正確答案為D9.TheMayDayHoliday（）over,wemustnowgetdowntowork.[單選題]*A.beB.being(正確答案)C.tohavebeenD.tobe答案解析：句意：五一假期結(jié)束了，我們現(xiàn)在必須開始認(rèn)真工作了。該題考查的是分詞短語和它的邏輯主語構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如果分間和邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。題干中的holiday和beover就是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞形式being,選擇B項(xiàng)。10.Ihaven’tmethim（）thelastcommitteemeeting.[單選題]*A.forB.since(正確答案)C.atD.before答案解析：句意：自上次委員會(huì)會(huì)議以來，我一直沒見過他。完成時(shí)中常使用since或for引4時(shí)間狀語。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(從句)表不“自從.以來；從…起…一直……”；而for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語多指一段時(shí)間。at后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)；before意為“在……之前”，均不符合題意。11Notuntilquiterecently（）anyideaofwhataguidedrocketislike.[單選題]*A.didIhave(正確答案)B.doIhaveC.shouldIhaveD.wouldIhave答案解析：句意：直到最近我才了解了一些關(guān)于引導(dǎo)火箭的情況。本題考查notuntil...(直到…才..)置于句首引起句子的部分倒裝。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間副詞recently(最近，近來，時(shí)間點(diǎn))，可以判斷動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)，因此選擇A。注意recently和完成時(shí)連用時(shí)表不時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度。如：Ihaven’tbeensleepingwellrecently.12.（）breaksthelawwillbepunishedsoonerorlater.[單選題]*A.WhoB.SomeoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever(正確答案)答案解析：句意：無論淮觸犯了法律，遲早都要受到懲罰。whoever在該句中是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句做整個(gè)句子的主語，這個(gè)從句叫作主語從句。Whoever相當(dāng)于Anyonewho,在從句中做主語，指“任何人，無論誰”。13.Areyougoingtofixthecaryourself,orareyougoingtohaveit（）?[單選題]*A.fixingB.tofixC.fixD.fixed(正確答案)答案解析：句意：你是打算自己修車還是請(qǐng)人來修？havesth.done是一個(gè)固定用法，意為“請(qǐng)別人做某事”，且不必指出請(qǐng)誰來做。sth.和do之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。而另一固定用法havesb.do意為“讓某人做某事”.sb.和do之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。14.WemovedtoLondon（）wecouldvisitourfriendsmoreoften.[單選題]*A.evenifB.sothat(正確答案)C.incaseD.asif答案解析：句意：為了能更經(jīng)常地拜訪朋友，我們搬到了倫敦。該題考查sothat做目的狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，意為“以便，為了”，從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might等。其他選項(xiàng)中，evenif意為“即使,縱然”；incase意為“如果，萬一”；asif意為“好像，似乎”。根據(jù)句意，只有B項(xiàng)符合。15.Thegrainoutputofthisyearismuchhigherthan（）oflastyear.[單選題]*A.that(正確答案)B.suchC.whichD.what答案解析：句意：今年的谷物產(chǎn)量比去年高得多。該題考查的是指示代間that的用法。指示代詞that和those常用來指代上文提到的事物，以避免重復(fù)。代替不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用that;代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用those。16.Inthefridge,（）thefruitcanremainfreshformorethanaweek.[單選題]*A.keepingB.bekeptC.kept(正確答案)D.tokeep答案解析：句意：如果放在冰箱里，這種水果能保鮮一周以上。因?yàn)榫渥又髡Z是thefruit，且主語和動(dòng)詞keep之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此，要用過去分詞。Ifkeptinthefridge其實(shí)就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句Ifkeptinlhefridge。在英語中，如果主從句的主語相同,且從句謂語為he時(shí)，可以將其主謂省略，本句即是典型的例子。17.ThenovelIboughtlastweekisworth（）,Ithink.[單選題]*A.reading(正確答案)B.beingreadC.toreadD.toberead答案解析：句意：我認(rèn)為我上周買的那本小說值得一看。本題考查sth.isworth+doing的固定搭配，表示“某事/物值得……”因此選A。18.Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.[單選題]*A.unceasinglyB.graduallyC.continuouslyD.continually(正確答案)答案解析：句意：我們的旅行速度比較慢，因?yàn)榛疖囋诓煌男〈迩f不斷地停車。副詞詞義辨析題。該題主要要求對(duì)C、D兩項(xiàng)做出辨析。兩詞都作“連續(xù)不斷地”解。但continually隱含中間有停頓，continuously則相中間無停頓的連續(xù)，所以D項(xiàng)符合句意。19.Thepriceofbeer（）from50centsto$4perliterduringthesummerseason.[單選題]*A.alteredB.ranged(正確答案)C.separatedD.differed答案解析：句意：夏季每升啤酒的價(jià)格從50美分到4美元不等。動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：alter:更改，改變；range:在.范圍內(nèi)，分布；separate:分開，隔離；differ:有區(qū)別，發(fā)生分歧。別外，rangefrom...to...也可記為固定搭配，意為“(在……和……范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)”。20.Hisremarksleftme（）abouthisrealpurpose.[單選題]*A.wonderedB.wonderC.towonderD.wondering(正確答案)答案解析：句意：他的話讓我懷疑他的真實(shí)意圖。非謂語動(dòng)問題。題中的left后面需用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，做賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選D。21.Weshallappreciatefrom（）yousoon.[單選題]*A.beingheardB.tohearC.havingbeenheardD.hearing(正確答案)答案解析：句意：若能盡快收到您的信，我們將不勝感激a動(dòng)名詞的固定用法題。appreciate(感激,感謝)這一詞后的動(dòng)詞只能用其動(dòng)名詞形式，且應(yīng)該是一般式。hearfromsomebody意為“收到某人的倍”。22.Hardly（）tothebusstopwhenthebussuddenlypulledaway.[單選題]*A.didtheygetB.theyhadgotC.theygotD.hadtheygot(正確答案)答案解析：句意：他們剛趕到公共汽車站，車就開走了。倒裝語序題。在hardly...when(“剛……就……，一……就……”)句式中，hardly放在句首時(shí)，句子需要倒裝，此句要求用過去完成時(shí)。23.Fireworks,（）originatedcenturiesagoinChina,werebroughttoEuropebyMarcoPolo.[單選題]*A.which(正確答案)B.WhatC.thatD.it答案解析：句意：發(fā)源于幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前的中國的煙花被馬可波羅帶到了歐洲。定語從句題。關(guān)系代詞that可以修飾人或物，但是一般不用在非限制性定語從句中；which一般只能修飾事物，也可以修飾前面的一整句話，可以用于非限制性定語從句中C。24.Pleasejoinus.Wecaneasilymake（）.foronemoreatthistable.[單選題]*A.seatB.placeC.room(正確答案)D.space答案解析：句意：請(qǐng)加入我們吧。我們可以在這張桌上很容易地騰出不止一個(gè)人的位置。本題考查同義詞辨折。“seal”意為“座位”，是可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，指一個(gè)座位時(shí)前面需加不定冠詞“a”。“place”作“座位，位置”講時(shí)，也是可數(shù)名同，用法同“seat"。“space”意為“空間、空地”，無“位置”之意。而“room"當(dāng)“空間、位置”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。因此依據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選C。25.Don’tcometoday.Iwouldratheryou（）tomorrow.[單選題]*A.comeB.came(正確答案)C.tocomeD.coming答案解析：句意：今天別來。我寧愿你明天來。虛擬語氣題。wouldrather句型中表示對(duì)將來情況的虛擬時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式。26.IthinkClassOne（）towinbecauseClassOne,allfootballlovers.[單選題]*A.islikely；are(正確答案)B.arelikely；areC.islikely；isD.arelikely；is答案解析：句意：我想一班可能會(huì)贏，因?yàn)橐话嗳慷际亲闱驉酆谜摺Ｖ髦^一致題。belikelyto意為“很可能”。第一個(gè)classone表示的是一個(gè)集體概念，指“一班”這一整體，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù);第二個(gè)classone表示的是集體中的每一個(gè)個(gè)體，指的是一班中的學(xué)生們，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，故選A。27.Asaresultofcarelesswashing,thejacket（）toachild’ssize.[單選題]*A.compressedB.shrank(正確答案)C.droppedD.decreased答案解析：句意：由于淸洗時(shí)不認(rèn)真，這件夾克衫縮小到了一個(gè)孩子衣服的尺寸。詞義辨析題。compress:緊壓，壓縮;shrink:收縮，縮小；drop:下降；decrease:減少。表示衣服縮水時(shí)只能用shrink。28.（）wasnotourconcern.[單選題]*A.NomatterhemightpasstheexaminationB.HoweverhemightpasstheexaminationC.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot(正確答案)D.Thathepassedtheexamination答案解析：句意:我們并不關(guān)心他是否通過了考試。名詞性從句題。本題考查主語從句的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處應(yīng)為整個(gè)句子的主語,選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)是正確的主語從句形式。但在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，whether有自己的詞義，"可與ornot連用，構(gòu)成whether…ornot...意為“是否”；that無詞義。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)符合。29.Anystudent（）inchesscanapplyformembership.[單選題]*A.havingakeeninterest(正確答案)B.withakeeninterestingC.whoiskeenlyinterestingD.hasakeeninterest答案解析：句意：任何對(duì)象棋感興趣的同學(xué)都可以申請(qǐng)成為會(huì)員。非謂語動(dòng)詞題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處只能用現(xiàn)在分詞短語做“Anystudent”的定語；“對(duì)……有興趣”的表達(dá)方法為“haveakeeninterestinsth.”，不能用interesting。故應(yīng)選A.30.（），motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.[單選題]*A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis(正確答案)答案解析：句意：無論他回來多晩,母親都會(huì)等著他一起吃晚飯。狀語從句題。此句是由however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為however+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語，故應(yīng)選D。31.Itisimperativethatyou（）hereintime.[單選題]*A.shallarriveB.mustarriveC.couldarriveD.arrive(正確答案)答案解析：句意：你必須及時(shí)趕到這兒。虛擬語氣題。Itisimperativethat...(是緊急的，必需的)句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，其形式為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，故應(yīng)選D。32.（）apostgraduate,Iwouldatleastmastertwoforeignlanguages.[單選題]*A.WasItobecomeB.WereItobecome(正確答案)C.HadIbecomeD.Ishouldbecome答案解析：句意：如果我要成為一名研究生，我至少需要掌握兩門外語。虛擬語氣題。本句為虛擬語氣在if條件從句中表將來情況的用法。此時(shí)if從句應(yīng)用IfIweretodosth.或Iflshoulddosth.，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)可以用其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，且省略if。所以本句的倒裝省略結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為WereItobecome或ShouldIbecome。33.Itisthethirdtime（）tothePalaceMuseum,andIstillthinkitismarvelous.[單選題]*A.havegoneB.goC.havebeen(正確答案)D.willgo答案解析：句意：這是我第二次到故宮博物院了，我依然認(rèn)為它不可思議。在histhe(first,second)thirdtimethat....結(jié)構(gòu)中that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外本題也考查了havebeento(去過某地，常和次數(shù)連用)和havegoneto(已經(jīng)去了某地，強(qiáng)調(diào)不在說話地點(diǎn))的區(qū)別。34.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolwas（）ill.[單選題]*A.duetoB.thathefell(正確答案)C.becausefellD.becauseoffalling答案解析：句意：他不來學(xué)校的原因是他病了。本題考查名詞性從句。主語為Thereason時(shí)，后面的表語從句應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，故本題選B。35.Weshouldlearnfromthose—（）arealwaysreadytohelpothers.[單選題]*A.who(正確答案)B.whomC.theyD.that答案解析：句意：我們應(yīng)該向那些隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備幫助別人的人學(xué)習(xí)。本題考查定語從句：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為修飾those的定語從句的關(guān)系同，故排除C、D項(xiàng)。又因從句中缺少主語，故本題選A。PartⅡReadingComprehension(20%)

Directions：Inthispart，therearefourpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Parage1

Topreservefood,thegrowthofbacteria(細(xì)菌）mustbecontrolled.Water,warmth,andfoodareallneededforbacteriatobecomestrongandhealthy.Somekindsofbacterianeedair,butotherkindsgrowonlywhenairisabsent.Extremesoftemperature,eitherhotorcold,cankillbacteria.

Beforeelectricice-boxeswereinvented,freezingandcoolingwerelimitedbythecoldclimate.Inwarmerregions,foodwascooledbyputtingitintheshade,incoldwaterfromthewell,orinpits(坑)intheground.

Cookingwillusuallykillbacteriaifthetemperatureishighenoughandthehightemperaturelastslongenough.Certainmethodsofcookingremovewater,andthisaidsinpreservingfood.Dryingistheoldestandmostcommonmethodofpreservingfood.Foodcanbedriedbythesun,byheatorbycombinationofthetwo.

Saltwasusedbymanyhuntingpeople.Whenpeoplebegantoeatvegetables,saltbecameaneededpartoftheirlife.Salthelpstopreservefoodbecauseitslowsorstopsbacteriatogrow.Otherchemicalsbesidessaltareusedinpreservingfood.Somepeopleopposetheuseofchemicalsinfood.Theysaythatthesechemicalsmayharmpeopleifthechemicalscanharmbacteria.36.Howcanwepreservefoodaccordingtothefirstparagraph?（）[單選題]*A.Bycontrollingthetemperature.B.Byputtingfoodinarefrigerator.C.Bycontrollingthegrowthofbacteria.(正確答案)D.Byputtingfoodinaplacewithoutair.答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句可知，為了保存食物，必須控制細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)，所以C為正確答案。37.Cookingisaneffectivewayinpreservingfoodbecause（）[單選題]*A.allcookingmethodsremovewaterB.cookingcanmakethefoodbecomedryC.thelightincookingcankillbacteriaD.cookingcankillbacteria(正確答案)答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的Cooking定位到第三段第一、二句。由此可知，在一定的條件下(即溫度夠卨、時(shí)間夠長(zhǎng)的話)，烹飪法能殺死細(xì)菌，因此是一種保存食物的有效方法。38.Themethodofsaltingfood（）.[單選題]*A.wasnotusedinthepastB.involvestheuseofchemicals(正確答案)C.isnotlikedbymostpeopleD.isnolongerusedbyhunter答案解析：根據(jù)題干中的saltingfood定位到文章末段第三、四句。由“Otherchemicalsbesidessaltareusedinpreservingfood."可知，用鹽腌法保存食物時(shí)會(huì)使用一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)。答案為B。39.Whyaremanypeopleagainsttheuseofchemicalstopreservefood?（）[單選題]*A.Becausechemicalsarenotnecessaryforpreservingfood.B.Becauseasmallquantityofbacteriainfoodisgoodforthebody.C.Becausethosechemicalsthatkillbacteriamaynotbegoodforpeople.(正確答案)D.Becausethereareotherbetterwaystopreservefood.答案解析：亊實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵同againsttheuseofchemicals定位到文章末段最后兩句。由此可知，人們反對(duì)使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)來保存食物的原因是thesechemicalsmayharmpeoole,C是其同義轉(zhuǎn)述。40.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（）[單選題]*A.Waysofpreservingfood.(正確答案)B.Thebacteriainourfood.C.TheimportanceofpreservingfoodD.Waysofcookingfood.答案解析：主旨大意題。主旨題如果出現(xiàn)在最后一題的話，考生多數(shù)情況下要從全篇來把握,把每一段的段落主旨加以綜合歸納就是全文的主旨。在第一段作者介紹了保存食物的原理，從第二段起開始介紹保存食物的各種方法，如冷凍法、烹飪法、曬干法、鹽腌法等，因此文章的主旨是講述保存食物的不同方法，答案為A。Passage2

Manythingsaboutlanguageareamystery,andmanywillalwaysremainso.Butsomethingswedoknow.

First,weknowthatallmenintheworldhavealanguageofsomesort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage.And,inhistoricaltimes,therehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage.

Second,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeopleswhoseculturesareundeveloped,whoare,aswesay,uncivilized,butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknownlanguageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping.Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood；indeed,thedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehavesupposedthattheIndianscommunicatedinaveryprimitiveway.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.Thereare,orwere,hundredsofAmericanIndianlanguages,andallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandveryold.Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek.

Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thatis,eachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage.

Finally,weknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsounds,andchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage.41.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?（）[單選題]*A.Somebackwardraceofmendoesn‘thavealanguageoftheirown.B.Someraceofmeninhistorydidn‘tpossessalanguageoftheirown.C.Anyhumanrace,whetherbackwardornot，hasalanguage.(正確答案)D.Someraceofmenonearthcancommunicatewithoutlanguage.答案解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，世界上所有的人都有某種形式的語言。故C為正確答案。42.Whatkindoflanguagecanpeoplesofundevelopedcultureshave?（）[單選題]*A.Complicated(正確答案)B.UncivilizeD.C.Primitive.D.Well-known.答案解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二、三句可知，有許多文化不發(fā)達(dá)的民族，也就是我們所說的不文明民族，他們的語言卻并不簡(jiǎn)單。在所有的已知語言中，我們可以看到發(fā)展了成千上萬年的復(fù)雜性。故A為正確答案。43.PeopleusedtothinkIndianscommunicated（）[單選題]*A.withcomplicatedlanguageB.inaprimitiveway(正確答案)C.withhandgesturesD.throughbodymovements答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)文章第三段第六句可知，過去很多人認(rèn)為印第安人交流的方式很原始。故B為正確答案。44.Whatdoestheword“adequate”(Line1，Para.4)mostprobablymean（）[單選題]*A.Primitive.B.Unique.C.Sufficient.D.Proper.(正確答案)答案解析：詞語理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句中的Thatis(也就是說)可知，第二句具體解釋了第一句內(nèi)容。故由第二句內(nèi)容：每種語言都是講本語言的人表達(dá)其文化的完美工具，可推知adequate在本句意為D“合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?5.Accordingtotheauthor,languagechangesaremostlikelytooccurin（）[單選題]*A.grammarB.pronunciationC.vocabulary(正確答案)D.intonation答案解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中最后一句可知，詞匯是任何語言中最容易發(fā)生變化的部分。故C為正確答案。Passage3

TheEnglishhavethereputationofbeingverydifferentfromallothernationalities.ItisclaimedthatlivingonanislandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.Whateverthereasons,itmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedsomeattitudesandhabitsdistinguishinghimfromothernationalities.

Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,andreservedpersonamongpeopleheknowswell.Beforestrangersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessarailwaycompartmentanymorningoreveningtoseethetruth.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozing(打盹）inacomer,andnoonespeaks.AnEnglishwitoncesuggestedtooverseasvisitors,“Onenteringarailwaycompartmentshakehandswithallthepassengers.”Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehavior,which,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectofsuspicion.

ItiswellknownthattheEnglishseldomshowopenlyextremesofenthusiasm，emotionetC.Ofcourse,Englishmanfeelsnolessthananyothernationality.Imagineamancommentingonthegreatbeautyofayounggirl.Amanofmoreemotionaltemperamentmightdescribeheras“amarvelousjewel”，whiletheEnglishmanwillflatlystate“Um,she’sallright?，’AnEnglishmanmayrecommendahighlysuccessfulandenjoyablefilmtofriendsbycommenting,“It’snotba

d.”Theoverseasvisitorsmustnotbedisappointedbythisapparentlackofinterest.Theymustrealizethat“allright”，“notbad”areveryoftenusedwiththesenseof“firstclass”，“excellent”.ThisspecialuseoflanguageisparticularlycommoninEnglish.46.OneexplanationforthedifferentcharacterofEnglishpeopleisthat（）[單選題]*A.theyaregeographicallyisolatedfromtheEuropeancontinent(正確答案)B.theyhavenothingtodowiththeotherEuropeansC.theyliketokeepquietamongtheiracquaintancesD.theytendlobereservedbynature答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段第二句可知，英國人與其他國家的人性格之所以不同，與他們居住在一個(gè)與其他歐洲國家隔絕的孤島上有很大的關(guān)系，所以A正確。47.Theword“inhibited”(Line2，Para.2)inthispassageprobablymeans（）.[單選題]*A.unabletohavegoodmannersB.unabletoexpressandrelaxfreely(正確答案)C.abletoactproperlyD.abletotalkfreely答案解析：詞語理解題=結(jié)合上文的“theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonamongpeopleheknowswell”可知，在熟人面前，英國人都是安靜、害羞、少言寡語的，由此推斷，他們見到陌生人，更會(huì)感到拘束和緊張，所以B正確.48.Accordingtothepassage,onenteringarailwaycompartment,anoverseasvisitorisexpectedto（）.[單選題]*A.inquireaboutthecodeofbehaviorinthetrainB.shakehandswithallthepassengersC.shakehandswiththepersonheknowsD.behavelikeanEnglishman(正確答案)答案解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章第二段引述的進(jìn)入車廂時(shí)應(yīng)該和所有乗客握手和“Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious”可知，引述部分只是一句戲言，作者真正想要表達(dá)的意思是外國人不能違背英國人那一套行為規(guī)則，所以D正確。49.TheEnglishwayofcommentingonsomethingorsomebodysuggeststhat（）.[單選題]*A.theEnglisharemodestinmostcircumstancesB.theEnglishfeelnolessthananyothernationalityC.theEnglishtendtodisplaylessemotionthantheyfeel(正確答案)D.theEnglishdon’ttakeastronginterestinmakingcomment答案解析：推理判斷題。文章第三段指出，英國人很少公開表露極端的熱情和情感，盡管英國人的感受并不比其他人的少，隨后列舉的英國人謙虛、冷漠的表達(dá)方式都表明了英國人對(duì)情感的節(jié)制。所以C正確。50.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?（）.[單選題]*A.ThedifferencesbetweentheEnglishandtheotherEuropeans.B.ThedifferentcharacteroftheEnglishmananditsreason.(正確答案)C.ThereasonsforEnglishpeople’sshyness.D.ThecodeofbehaviorofthenationalitiesinEurope.答案解析：主旨大意題。文章主要談了英國人緘默、情感不外露的性格特征及其形成的原因，所以B正確。Passage4

Whenyouwerelookingforareliable,honestautomechanic,howdidyoufindhim?Beforeyouwentintothatrestaurantyourecentlytried,howdidyouknowthatitservedgreatfood?Ifyou’relikemosteveryoneontheplanet,youwanttoloweryourriskofabiguglysurprisesoyouaskedpeopleyoutrusttoreferyoutoabusinesstheytrust.

Weallrelyonourfriendsandassociatestorecommendgoing—ornotgoing—toaparticularbusiness.Marketerscallthisfriend-to-friendendorsement(認(rèn)可)ofabusiness“word-of-mouthadvertising”.Itisthemostpowerfulformofadvertising.Itisalsothemostdifficulttocreate.

Whenyoudoagreatjobforyourcustomersorarottenjob，peoplearegoingtotalkaboutyourbusiness.Unfortunately,becausewehumansseemtofeelnegativeemotionsmoreintenselythanpositiveones，we’remoreinclinedtotellmoreofourmendsaboutbadexperienceswithabusinessthanpositiveones.Understandthis：customersbelievetheirownexperience.Youcan’tmakethembelievethatyourcompanyiswonderfulwhentheyfelttheyweretreatedbadly.

So,togetpositiveword-of-mouthgoingforyourbusiness,especiallyfromyourdemandingcustomersinthisservice-basedeconomy,you’vegottodoareallyoutstandingjob.Foreveryone,consistently.

Andwhenyoudo,youbuildagreatreputation.Thattakestime.Butitforgesabondwithyourcustomersandprospectivecustomersinawaythatnoslickadvertisingcampaign，andnopromotionalcoupon(優(yōu)惠券）evercould

Thegoodnewsisthatbecausetherearesomanydifferentbusinesseschasingafteryourcustomers’money，peoplewanttoknowwhotheycantrust.Sopeoplearegoingtobetalkingaboutyou.Createafreesalesforceforyourbusiness—anarmyofdelightedcustomerwhotelleveryonetheyknowhowgoodyourcompanyistodobusinesswith.That’sagreatantidote(解毒劑）todefection.51.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?（）.[單選題]*A.Apersonshouldrelyonhisfriendsforbusiness.B.Agoodnamewillbringyoumoney.(正確答案)C.Acompanycanmakecustomersbelievethatitswonderful.D.Acompanyshouldadvertiseeverythingtosurvive.答案解析：主旨大意題。本文的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于口頭廣告的。說明了一個(gè)好的口碑對(duì)一家公司來說是多么的重要，也就是一個(gè)好名聲對(duì)于公司的重要性，一般說來，對(duì)于公司，好名聲會(huì)帶來好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故B正確。52.Accordingtotheauthor,whetherwe’11gotoaplaceornotdependson（）.[單選題]*A.mediaadvertisingB.departmentstoredisplaywindowC.word-of-mouthadvertising(正確答案)D.thebusinessfame答案解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞goto定位至第二段第一句“Weallrelyonourfriendsandassociatestorecommendgoing—ornotgoing—toaparticularbusiness.(我們信賴我們的朋友和同事來推薦去還是不去一家特定的商店)”。接下來第二句"Marketerscallthislriend-to-friendendorsementofabusiness‘word-of-mouthadvertising’(市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷人員把這種行為叫作‘口頭廣告’)”，也就是“word-of-mouthadvertising”，即C所給答案是作者所認(rèn)為的去不去一個(gè)地方的依據(jù)。A.媒體廣告、B.商店櫥窗廣告、D.商業(yè)名聲，這些都不是。53.Whyarewemorelikelytotellmoreofourfriendsaboutunsatisfiedexperienceswithabusinessthansatisfiedones?（）[單選題]*A.Becausewearen’tinclinedtohaveanegativefeeling.B.Becauseweoftenfeelnegativeemotionsmoreintensely.(正確答案)C.Becauseweseemtofeelmoreintensely.D.Becauseweoftenhearpeopleexpresstheirnegativeemotions.答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.由題干關(guān)鍵詞experienceswithabusiness定位至第三段第二句“Unfortunately,becausewehumansseemtofeelnegativeemotionsmoreintenselythanpositiveones...badexperienceswithabusinessthanpositiveones.”可知，我們更傾向于訴說不好的經(jīng)歷是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)消極的情感感受更強(qiáng)烈，B最接近此意.A.我們不易產(chǎn)生消極的情感,這與文章中所表達(dá)的我們對(duì)消極的情感感受更強(qiáng)烈相矛盾；C.我們好像感覺很強(qiáng)烈，沒有說對(duì)什么感覺很強(qiáng)烈；D.我們經(jīng)常聽到人們表達(dá)他們消極的情感，這一點(diǎn)文章中并未提及，只是說人們易產(chǎn)生消極的情感。54.Accordingtotheauthor,whenyoudoareallyoutstandingjobinservice,youwill（）.[單選題]*A.buildabadreputationB.breakthebondwithyourcustomerC.getapositiveword-of-mouthadvertisingforyourbusiness(正確答案)D.earnbigmoney答案解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞outstandingjob定位至第四段“So,togetpositiveword-of-mouthgoingloryourbusiness,especiallyfromvourdemandingcustomersinthisservice-basedeconomy,you’vegottodoareallyoutstandingjob.”可知，為你的生意獲得好的口頭評(píng)價(jià),特別是在服務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)里，從高要求的顧客那里獲得這種好的口頭評(píng)價(jià)，你必須要做出突出的工作。由此可推斷C為正確答案。A“建立—個(gè)壞名聲”和B“破壞和顧客的關(guān)系”與文章內(nèi)容相反；D“賺大錢”文中并未提及。55.What’sthemeaningoftheword“defection”(Lastline,Para.6)?（）.[單選題]*A.Customers’betrayal.(正確答案)B.Servicedefects.C.Customers‘protection.D.Serviceadvertising.答案解析：詞語理解題。從上文中我們可以感覺到這篇文章討論的內(nèi)容是有關(guān)如何留住顧客的問題,這一句中有個(gè)詞是antidote,有“解毒劑和矯正方法”之意，所以可以判斷defection應(yīng)該與“留住顧客”意思相反。從這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中來看，只有A表示“顧客離去”的意思,所以選A。B“服務(wù)缺陷”、C“顧客的保護(hù)”、D“服務(wù)廣告”，這些都與文章中的上下文意思不相符。PartⅢCloze(10%)

Directions：Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoices.

ChoosethebestanswerandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Childrenmodelthemselveslargelyontheirparents.Theydosomainlythroughidentification.Childrenidentify56aparentwhentheybelievetheyhavethequalitiesandfeelingsthatare57ofthatparent.Thethingsparentsdoandsayandthe58theydoandsaytothem,thereforestronglyinfluenceachild’s59However,parentsmustconsistentlybehavelikethetypeof60theywanttheirchildtobecome.

Aparent’sactions61affecttheself-imagethatachildforms62identification.Childrenwhoseemainlypositivequalitiesintheir63willlikelylearntoseethemselvesinapositiveway.Childrenwhoobservechiefly64qualitiesintheirparentswillhavedifficulty65positivequalitiesinthemselves.Childrenmay66theirself-image,however,astheybecomeincreasingly67bypeersgroups,standardsbeforetheygrowup.

Isolatedevents,68dramaticones,donotnecessarilyhaveapermanent69onachild’sbehavior.Childreninterpretsucheventsaccordingtotheirestablishedattitudesandprevioustraining.Childrenwhoknowtheyarelovedcan,for70，acceptthedivorceoftheirparents，oraparent,searly71Butifchildrenfeelunloved,theymayinterpretsuchevents72asignofrejectionorpunishment.

Inthesameway,allchildrenarenotinfluenced73bytoysandgames,readingmatter,andtelevisionprograms.74inthecaseofadramaticchangeinfamilyrelations,theeffectofanactivityorexperiencedependsonhowthechild75it.56.（）[單選題]*A.toB.with(正確答案)C.aroundD.for答案解析：慣用搭配題。identifywith意為“認(rèn)同”。57.（）[單選題]*A.informedB.characteristic(正確答案)C.conceivedD.indicative答案解析：句意：當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為自己擁有屬于父母特有的品質(zhì)和情感時(shí)……。詞義辨析題。inform意為“通知”，characteristic意為“特點(diǎn)，特性”，conceive(vt.)意為“想象”，indicative意為“指示的，預(yù)示的”，characteristicofsb.意為“某人的特征”，故選B。58.（）[單選題]*A.gestureB.ExpressionC.way(正確答案)D.extent答案解析：詞義辨析題。gesture意為“姿態(tài)，手勢(shì)”，expression意為“表情”，way意為“方式”，extent意為“范國”，只有way符合句意，即父母的言行方式，故選C。59.（）[單選題]*A.behavior(正確答案)B.wordsC.moodD.reactions答案解析：詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椤案改傅难孕信e止，以及他們的言行方式對(duì)孩子的影響很大”，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)behavior“行為”，words“語言”，mood“心情”和reactions“反應(yīng)"，可知A正確。60.（）[單選題]*A.person(正確答案)B.humanC.creatureD.adult答案解析：詞義辨析題。person意為“人”，human意為“人類'creature意為“生物”，adult意為“成年人”，結(jié)合句意可知，A正確。61.（）[單選題]*A.tooB.neverthelessC.also(正確答案)D.however答案解析：詞義辨析題。上文談到父母的言行對(duì)孩子的行為影響很大