初中英語現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞的區(qū)分方法

1分詞作狀語

1、分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果（補(bǔ)充說明）、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。①

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.

②

Usingwhatyouknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.③

Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.④

Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.⑤Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismother'sillness.

2、分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過去分詞。①

Nothavingenoughhands,weturnedtothemforhelp.(wedon'thaveenoughhands)②

Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandledouraffairsbetter.(wearetaught/teachus)③

InspiredbyLeifeng,thepeopleinChinaworkedveryhardtoachievetheirmodernization.

3、“while(when,once,until,if,though等連詞)＋分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while，when,once,although,until,if等連詞。例如：①

Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.②

Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork.2分詞作定語

分詞作定語時(shí)，單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面?，F(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞(與名詞有主謂關(guān)系)，過去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞(與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)。例如：

①

Thisisreallyan

exhausting

daytoallofus!②

Wecanseethepartofthemoon

lighted

bysunlight.③Afteranight

spent

inexcitementandsleeplessness,Iforcedmyselfto

takealongwalkalongthebeachthenextday.④Moreandmore

developing

countriesestablishedstrategicpartnershipwithdevelopedcountries.

⑤Theyoung

sitting

betweenmysisterandmybrotherismycousinJack.

3分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

1、現(xiàn)在分詞在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find,glimpse,glance等感官動(dòng)詞和lookat,listento等短語動(dòng)詞以及have,keep,get,catch,leave,set,start,send等使役動(dòng)詞后面與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補(bǔ)語的成分。例如：①

Onthetopofthehill,wecould

seesmokerising

fromthechimneysinthevillage.

②

Theboysatbesidetherailwaylineand

watchedthetrainsroaringby.③

Weshouldnot

leavehimwondering

whatheshoulddo.④

Iamsorrytohave

keptyouwaiting

forsuchalongtime.⑤

I

caughthimdoing

somethingelseinclass.

2、過去分詞可以在allow,ask,consider,desire,expect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,like,make,observe,order,permit,prefer,remember,request,require,see,urge動(dòng)詞等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：①

Youshould

keepherinformed

ofwhatisgoingonhere.②

I

expectedyouwellprepared

fortheexamination.

3、在動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice，perceive，observe,listento,lookat后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)語,也可用不定式做補(bǔ)語。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,用不定式表示的動(dòng)作的全過程已經(jīng)完成。例如：①

IsawMr.Whitegetoffabus.②

IsawMr.Whitelookingintoashopwindow.③—Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?

—Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.4分詞作表語

分詞作表語通?？醋餍稳菰~來用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人。1.Thefilm“HarryPotter