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2018年江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本(英語)真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)題型有:1.VocabularyandStructure2.ReadingComprehension3.Cloze5.Translation6.WritingVocabularyandStructure1.Ifit______tomorrow,wewillgototheparktotakepictures.A.willsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowsD.snowed正確答案:C解析:本題考查的是條件狀語從句的時態(tài)。在條件狀語從句中,可以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)替一般將來時表示將來動作,因此句中應(yīng)該用snows。本句意為:如果明天下雪的話,我們就去公園拍照。2.Shesenthertwochildrentotheboardingschoolwhen______wasonlyeight.A.theyoungestB.themostyoungerC.theyoungerD.themoreyounger正確答案:C解析:本題考查的是比較級的用法。形容詞的比較級用于兩者之間的比較,最高級用于三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較。根據(jù)題干可知是兩個孩子進行比較,先排除A、B兩項。D項中,more和younger都是比較級,二者放一起是錯誤的。本句意為:她把她的兩個孩子都送到了寄宿學校,那時年幼的那個孩子才僅僅八歲。3.ThepersonItrustedmostwasafriend______Ihadbeencooperatinginbusinessforalongtime.A.whomB.withwhomC.withwhoD.that正確答案:B解析:本題考查的是定語從句。此處的cooperate要和with構(gòu)成搭配,即:cooperatewithsb.(與某人合作),with屬于介詞,介詞后面要跟介詞賓語,所以要用賓格形式的關(guān)系代詞whom。本句意為:我過去一直最信任的那個人是我在生意場上長時間合作過的一個朋友。4.Allflights______becauseofthestrike,theyhadtofindsomeothermeansoftransportation.A.havingbeencanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.werecanceled正確答案:A解析:本題考查的是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。本題中,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,由于是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),因此選非謂語動詞形式,先排除B、D兩項。allflights是動作cancel的邏輯主語,兩者之間的關(guān)系是動賓關(guān)系,即被動關(guān)系,因此要用被動語態(tài),C項為主動語態(tài)。本句意為:因為罷工,所有的航班都被取消了,他們不得不尋找其它的交通出行方式。5.Onehundredandtwentykilometersperhour______usuallythespeedlimitforcarsonhighway.A.a(chǎn)reB.isC.haveD.had正確答案:B解析:本題考查的是主謂一致。本句的主語為“Onehundredandtwentykilometersperhour”,應(yīng)該看成是一個整體,謂語單詞要用單數(shù)。本句意為:每小時120公里通常是高速公路上對小轎車的車速限制。6.Aftertheparty,thehostessdidnotknowwho______forthebrokenvase.A.willblameB.blamedC.toblameD.blames正確答案:C解析:本題考查“疑問詞+不定式”的用法。不定式可以和疑問代詞who,what,which及疑問副詞when,how,where等連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句子中作主語、賓語、表語。此處,who+不定式,即whotoblame,toblame意為“該受責備,應(yīng)負責任”,一般用主動形式表示被動含義。本句意為:晚會結(jié)束之后,花瓶碎了,女主人不知道該責備誰。7.______youarewellpreparedforthecomingexam,youwillfailit.A.IfB.UnlessC.ProvidedD.Until正確答案:B解析:本題考查的是條件狀語從句。A、C兩項意思相同,均表示“如果,假如”,不符合句意;until意為“直到……才”,意思不合適。unless表示“除非”,放入句中符合句意,即:除非你為這個即將來臨的考試做了充分的準備,否則你會考試不及格。8.Theemployeeturnedadeafeartowhatthebosssaid,______annoyedthebossverymuch.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how正確答案:A解析:本題考查的是非限制性定語從句。在本句中,逗號前面是一個完整的句子,即“員工對老板說的話置若罔聞”,后面的句子為非限制性定語從句,缺少主語,選用which,which在此處指代“這件事讓老板很惱火”。9.Theflowerslookedasifthey______foralongtime.A.haven’twateredB.didn’twaterC.hadn’tbeenwateredD.watered正確答案:C解析:本題考查的是虛擬語氣。asif表示“仿佛”,后面跟虛擬語氣,這道題的題干中主句謂語動詞looked是過去式,所以此處asif是對過去情況的虛擬,應(yīng)用過去完成時。此處flower和動作water(澆水)之間是被動關(guān)系,C項符合題意。本句意為:這些花兒看上去似乎好長時間沒有澆水了。10.______,hehasachievedgreatsuccessinthefieldofinformationtechnology.A.AsheisyoungB.YoungisheC.YoungasheisD.Youngheisthough正確答案:C解析:本題考查的是讓步狀語從句。as引導的讓步狀語從句放于句首,應(yīng)部分倒裝,被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形。本句意為:盡管他很年輕,但他已經(jīng)在信息科技領(lǐng)域里取得了巨大的成功。11.Haditnotbeenforhiscarelessness,David______thefirstprizeinthemathematicscontest.A.wouldwinB.wouldhavewonC.willwinD.won正確答案:B解析:本題考查的是虛擬語氣。此處前半句是省略if的對過去情況表示虛擬的非真實條件句,由于從句是過去完成時態(tài)hadbeen,因此主句的時態(tài)應(yīng)選用B項。本句意為:如果當初不是因為他的粗心大意,大衛(wèi)本來可能會贏得數(shù)學競賽的第一名。12.Iboughttwoshirtsformyteenageson,buthedidnotlike______.A.bothofthemB.twoofthemC.eitherofthemD.neitherofthem正確答案:C解析:本題考查否定的表達用法。本句表達的意思是“兩者當中,我任何一個都不喜歡”。eitherof表示兩者中的任何一個。13.______ofanunhappymarriage,shefeltgreatlyrelievedandwaseagertoembraceanewlife.A.TobefreeB.FreeingC.TofreeD.Freed正確答案:D解析:本題考查的是非謂語動詞。動作free和后面的主句主語she之間的關(guān)系是動賓關(guān)系,freeof表示“擺脫了”的意思,所以選過去分詞freed。本句意為:擺脫了一場不幸的婚姻,她感到如釋重負并渴望迎接一個嶄新的生活。14.______wasbecauseofhismisjudgmentthatthecompanygotinvolvedinfinancialdifficulties.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.Which正確答案:A解析:本題考查的是強調(diào)句。強調(diào)句的典型特征是,刪掉itwas和that之后,句子仍然成立。本句意為:因為他判斷失誤,這家公司陷入了財務(wù)困難。15.Itisessentialthatyou______trainticketsasearlyaspossiblebeforetheSpringFestival.A.mustbookB.willbookC.a(chǎn)rebookingD.book正確答案:D解析:本題考查的是虛擬語氣。在itis+adj.+that引導的主語從句中,如果形容詞是important,necessary,urgent,essential,vital,natural,strange,proper等時,that引導的主語從句要用虛擬語氣,即為should+動詞原形,should可以省略。本句意為:在春節(jié)之前你要盡早預定火車票,這很重要。16.Iamsorry!Ikept______forsuchalongtime,forthemachinedidn’tworkproperly.A.youwaitedB.youwaitC.youtowaitD.youwaiting正確答案:D解析:本題考查的是非謂語動詞。此處考查的結(jié)構(gòu)是keepsbdoing/done,如果sb和后面的動詞do之間是主動關(guān)系,就用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu);如果是被動關(guān)系,就用過去分詞。本題中wait和其邏輯主語you之間是主動關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞waiting做賓語補足語。本句意為:很抱歉,因為這個機器運轉(zhuǎn)不太正常,讓你久等了。17.We______ontheisolatedislandforthirtyhourswhentherescueteamfinallycame.A.stayedB.hadbeenstayingC.havebeenstayingD.havestayed正確答案:B解析:本題考查的是過去完成進行時。根據(jù)句意,此處表達的是在救援隊到達這個島之前,我們已經(jīng)在這呆了30個小時。表示的是從過去的某個時間開始延續(xù)的動作。本句意為:在救援隊最終到達的時候,我們已經(jīng)在這個與世隔絕的島嶼上滯留了30個小時。18.Notonly______thenurseswantapayincrease,theywantedreducedhoursaswell.A.didB.doC.haveD.had正確答案:A解析:本題考查的是部分倒裝。將notonly否定連詞放在句首引起部分倒裝,句中的時態(tài)應(yīng)該和wanted一致,A項符合題意。本句意為:護士們不但希望漲工資,而且還希望減少工作時間。19.She______thatitwasverycoldonthemountaintop,becauseshejustcamedownfromthere.A.wouldknowB.usedtoknowC.canknowD.oughttoknow正確答案:D解析:本題考查的是情態(tài)助動詞。后半句原因狀語從句表達的意思是“因為她剛剛從那兒(山頂)下來”,由此可以推斷出她“應(yīng)該”知道“山頂是很冷的”,oughtto意為“應(yīng)該”,符合題意。本句意為:她應(yīng)該知道山頂上很冷,因為她剛剛從那下來。20.Bythetimeyougetup,I______forwork.A.wouldbeleavingB.shallhaveleftC.havealreadyleftD.a(chǎn)mleaving正確答案:B解析:本題考查的是時態(tài)。bythetime引導表示將來的時間狀語從句,表示“等到你起床的時候”,然后在這個將來的時間之前發(fā)生完成的動作要用將來完成時,即使用shall/willhave+v-ed,主語是第一人稱。本句意為:等到你起床的時候,我已經(jīng)出發(fā)去工作了。21.Johnsondecidedtoquithisjob______acceptthenewrules.A.morethanB.otherthanC.betterthanD.ratherthan正確答案:D解析:morethan意為“比……多”;betterthan意為“比……好”;otherthan意為“除了”;ratherthan意為“而不是,寧可……也不愿……”。本句意為:Johnson決定寧可辭去工作也不愿意接受新的規(guī)則。22.______mostpeopleintheoffice,Igotoworkbybus.A.UnlikeB.DislikeC.LikingD.Alike正確答案:A解析:unlike是介詞,表示“不像,不同于”;dislike是動詞,表示“不喜歡”;liking是名詞,表示“嗜好,愛好”;alike可形容詞也可做副詞,表示“相同的,相似的”。本句意為:與辦公室的大多數(shù)人不同的是,我坐公交車上班。23.Thechairman______unexpectedlyatthemeeting.Wethoughthewasstillinhospital.A.turnedinB.turnedoverC.turnedupD.turneddown正確答案:C解析:本題考查動詞短語意思的區(qū)分。turnin意為“上交,歸還”;turnover意為“翻轉(zhuǎn),移交,仔細考慮”;turnup意為“把聲音調(diào)大,出現(xiàn)”;turndown意為“把聲音調(diào)小,拒絕”。本句意為:出乎意料,主席出現(xiàn)在會議上,我們原以為他仍在醫(yī)院。24.Wavinggoodbyetohisfamily,heranintothecrowdand______fromthesight.A.vanishedB.escapedC.meltedD.varied正確答案:A解析:本題考查動詞詞意的區(qū)分。vanish意為“消失”;escape意為“逃跑,逃脫”;melt意為“融化,消融”;vary意為“變化,改變”。結(jié)合題干,本句表達的是“消失”在視線中。本句意為:他揮手向他的家人告別,跑進了人群中,消失在家人的視線中。25.Althoughherparentsdidn’tliketheman,shegotmarriedtohim______theirwishes.A.ofB.forC.a(chǎn)fterD.a(chǎn)gainst正確答案:D解析:本題考查介詞的用法。本句意為:盡管她的父母不喜歡這個男人,但是她依然違背父母的意愿和他結(jié)婚了。四個選項中,只有against可以表示“違背,反對”的意思。26.Nowadaysmanyyoungcouples______theirparentstotakecareoftheirbabies.A.countinB.countonC.countwithD.countoff正確答案:B解析:本題考查動詞短語意思的區(qū)分。countin意為“把……計算在內(nèi),算進去”;counton意為“指望,依靠”;countoff意為“報數(shù)”。本句意為:今天,許多年輕夫婦都指望他們的父母來幫他們照顧孩子。27.Thefriendsofhisroommateweresonoisythathecouldn’t______themanymore.A.a(chǎn)daptB.a(chǎn)doptC.comprehendD.stand正確答案:D解析:本題考查動詞詞意的區(qū)分。adapt意為“適應(yīng),改編”;adopt意為“采納,收養(yǎng)”;comprehend意為“理解”;stand意為“站,忍受”。本句意為:他室友的朋友們是如此得吵鬧以至于他再也不能忍受他們了。28.Only10outofthe97passengers______theplanecrashinRussialastmonth.A.retainedB.enduredC.maintainedD.survived正確答案:D解析:本題考查動詞詞意的區(qū)分。retain意為“保持,記住”;endure意為“忍受,容忍”;maintain意為“維持,繼續(xù),維修”;survive意為“幸存,生還”。本句意為:在上個月俄羅斯的空難事件中,97名乘客中,僅有10名乘客幸存。29.Youngpeopletendtokeep______withsocialchangesmorequicklythanolderpeople.A.stepB.progressC.paceD.touch正確答案:C解析:本題考查固定搭配。keeppacewithsth.意為“與……保持一致,保持同步”;keeptouchwith意為“與……保持聯(lián)系”。本句意為:相比老年人,年輕人在與社會變化保持同步方面要更勝一籌。30.It’ssopleasanttostandintheforestand______freshair.A.takeinB.takeoutC.bringinD.comeout正確答案:A解析:本題考查動詞短語意思的區(qū)分。takein意為“吸收,理解,欺騙”;takeout意為“取出,出發(fā)”;bringin意為“引進,增加”;comeout意為“出現(xiàn),出版,結(jié)果是”。本句意為:站在森林里呼吸新鮮的空氣真是讓人感到神清氣爽、心曠神怡。31.Hekeptwalkingupanddown,whichwasasure______thathewasworried.A.signB.characterC.natureD.end正確答案:A解析:本題考查名詞詞意的區(qū)分。sign意為“跡象,記號”;character意為“性格,品質(zhì)”;nature意為“自然,本質(zhì)”;end意為“結(jié)束,盡頭,末端”。本句意為:他總是來來回回地走動,這是表明他很擔心的一個很明顯的跡象。32.RecentlyakindoftraditionalChinesemedicineisquitepopularintheUnitedStates,foritiseffectiveto______patientsoftheircough.A.treatB.mendC.recoverD.cure正確答案:D解析:本題考查固定搭配。treat意為“治療,對待,請客”;mend意為“修補,修理”;recover意為“恢復,彌補”,cure意為“治療;治愈”。curesbofsth.表示“治愈某人……”,為固定搭配。本句意為:最近,一種傳統(tǒng)中藥在美國非常受歡迎,因為這種藥對治愈病人的咳嗽非常有效。33.Whileconvenientforcommunication,mobilephonesmayhaveanegative______onchildren.A.a(chǎn)ffectB.effectC.perfectD.defect正確答案:B解析:本題考查固定搭配。haveanegativeeffectonsth./sb.為固定搭配,表示“對某人、某物有著消極的影響”。affect做動詞使用,意為“影響”;perfect是形容詞,意為“完美的”,defect是名詞,意為“瑕疵,缺點”。本句意為:盡管手機很方便我們進行通訊,但它可能會對孩子產(chǎn)生消極的影響。34.Thegreatscientistworked10hoursaday______hisoldage.A.inspiteofB.inspiteC.despiteofD.despitewith正確答案:A解析:inspiteof和despite均可表示“盡管”的意思,本句意為:盡管他年紀很大了,但是這位科學家每天工作10小時。35.InChineseculture,“red”______happiness,whileinsomewesterncountries,“red”ismoreconnectedwithdangerandwarning.A.standsB.representsC.presentsD.resents正確答案:B解析:本題考查動詞詞意的區(qū)分。stand意為“站著,忍受”,如果要表示“代表”的意思,必須與for連用;represent意為“代表”;present意為“呈現(xiàn),提出,介紹”;resent意為“怨恨,厭惡”。本句意為:在中國的文化里,紅色代表著幸福、喜慶,然而在一些西方國家,紅色則大多與危險、警告緊密相關(guān)。36._____springisafavoriteseasonforpeopletobeclosetonature.A.LaterB.LastC.LatterD.Late正確答案:D解析:本題考查形容詞詞意的區(qū)分。latespring表示晚春、暮春,為固定用法。later是late的比較級,可以做副詞,也可以做形容詞,表示“后來,更遲的,更后的”;last意為“最后的,最新的”;latter意為“(兩者中)后者的,后面的”。本句意為:暮春是人們貼近大自然的最好時節(jié)。37.Menareusuallyquitegoodatmap-reading,butTomisthe______.A.inspectionB.receptionC.exceptionD.expectation正確答案:C解析:本題考查名詞詞意的區(qū)分。inspection意為“檢查,視察”;reception意為“接待,接收”;exception意為“例外”;expectation意為“期待,期望”。本句意為:男人通常很擅長地圖閱讀,但湯姆卻是個例外。38.AsIchangedmyplan,Iphonedthehotelto______myreservation.A.a(chǎn)cceptB.cancelC.refuseD.reach正確答案:B解析:本題考查動詞詞意的區(qū)分。accept意為“接受”;cancel意為“取消”;refuse意為“拒絕”;reach意為“到達”。本句意為:因為我改變了計劃,所以我給賓館打電話取消了我的預定。39.Peoplearenotallowedtotalkloudlyinthelibrarysoasnotto______otherreaders.A.preventB.distractC.a(chǎn)ttractD.a(chǎn)ppeal正確答案:B解析:本題考查動詞詞意的區(qū)分。prevent意為“預防”;distract意為“轉(zhuǎn)移,分心”;attract意為“吸引”;appeal意為“呼吁,上訴,有吸引力”。本句意為:圖書館里不允許人們大聲講話,目的是不讓其他讀者分心。40.Askingaboutalady’sageisconsideredtobean_____questioninwesterncultures.A.embarrassingB.interestingC.embarrassedD.interested正確答案:A解析:分詞用作形容詞時,V-ing分詞修飾沒有生命的物;V-ed分詞往往修飾有生命的人。embarrassing意為“使人感到尷尬的,令人為難的”;interesting意為“有趣的”;embarrassed意為“尷尬的,窘迫的”;interested意為“感興趣的”。本句意為:在西方文化里,詢問一位女士的年齡被認為是一個使人感到尷尬的問題。ReadingComprehensionScientistsaretryingtomakethedesertsintogoodlandagain.Theywanttobringwatertothedeserts,sopeoplecanliveandgrowfood.Theyarelearningalotaboutthedeserts.Butmoreandmoreoftheearthisbecomingdesertallthetime.Scientistsmaynotbeabletochangethedesertintime.Whyismoreandmorelandbecomingdesert?Scientiststhinkthatpeoplemakedeserts.Peoplearedoingbadthingstotheearth.Someplacesontheearthdon’tgetmuchrain.Buttheystilldon’tbecomedeserts.Thisisbecausesomegreenplantsaregrowingthere.Smallgreenplantsandgrassareveryimportanttodryplaces.Plantsdon’tletthesunmaketheearthevendrier.Plantsdon’tletthewindblowthedirtaway.Whenabitofrainfalls,theplantsholdthewater.Withoutplants,thelandcanbecomedesertmoreeasily.Amandecidestomakeafarminaverydryplace.Hedigsintheearthandtakesawaythegrassandplantsthatarealreadygrowingonthedryland.Hemakesafarm.Heputsplantsinrows.Thesunisveryhot.Itmakesthelandevendrier.Whentheraincomes,itrunsbetweentherowsofplants.Itwashesthegooddirtaway.Whenthewindcomes,itblowsbetweentherowsofplants.Itblowsthegooddirtaway.Soonthelandisnotgoodenoughforafarmanymore.Themanletshisanimalseatalltheplantsonit.Nowthelanddoesnothaveanyplantsonit.Thesunandwinddrythelandandallofthegooddirtaway.Nowthelandisadesert.41.Adesertisprobably______.A.grassyB.treelessC.wetD.muddy正確答案:B解析:根據(jù)生活常識可以判斷,沙漠里是沒有樹的。A項意為“長滿草的,草綠色的”;C項意為“潮濕的”;D項意為“泥濘的”,這些都不符合生活常識。B項treeless意為“無樹木的”,符合文意。42.Landisbecomingdesertbecauseoflackof______.A.rainB.windC.peopleD.plants正確答案:D解析:文章中第一段中已經(jīng)說明了“Buttheystilldon’tbecomedeserts.Thisisbecausesomegreenplantsaregrowingthere.Smallgreenplantsandgrassareveryimportanttodryplaces”,這句話表達的意思是,小的綠色植物和草對干燥的地方十分重要,如果沒有它們,土地就會變成沙漠。故選D項。43.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhysmallgreenplantsareveryimportanttodryplaces?A.Theykeeptheearthfrombecomingevendrier.B.Theydonotletwindblowtheearthaway.C.Theyaddcolortothedryplaces.D.Theyholdwater.正確答案:C解析:本題題干問的是下列哪個選項不屬于小的綠色植物對干旱地方重要的原因。根據(jù)文章第一段后面“Plantsdon’tletthesunmaketheearthevendrier”可知A項是原因之一;根據(jù)第一段后面“Plantsdonotletthewindblowthedirtaway”可知B項是原因之一;根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenabitofrainfalls,theplantsholdthewater”可知D項是原因之一。故選C項。44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.itisbadtoplantinrowsinadryplaceB.itisbettertoraiseanimalsondrylandthantomakeafarmC.itisbadtomakeafarminadryplace,butitisgoodtoraiseanimalsthereD.a(chǎn)lllandsthatdon’tgetveryrainaredeserts正確答案:A解析:文章第二段通過舉例,講述了建立農(nóng)場和養(yǎng)動物都是不明智之舉,這樣對土地沙漠化都有影響,可排除B、C兩項。D項中間有個all,雖然與not連用,表示的是部分否定,但是過于絕對。因為“不是雨水少就會是沙漠”。故選A項,即“在干旱的地方種植成排的植物不明智”。45.What’sthepurposeofthewritertogiveanexampleoftheman?A.Tocriticizehim.B.Totellaninterestingstory.C.Toprovethatmanmakesdeserts.D.Toprovethehotsunmakesadesert.正確答案:C解析:本文的寫作目的是要提醒人們要認識到樹木植物對于土壤的重要性,因為它們能夠保持水分、不讓風把土壤吹走,防止土壤沙漠化。因此,作者第二段的舉例就是要證明一個事實,即:我們?nèi)祟愖罱K將土地沙漠化了。故選C項。Therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork—infact,theylovetowork.Theyspendmanyextrahoursonthejobeachweekandoftentakeworkhomewiththem.Theseworkaholicsareasaddictedtotheirjobsasotherpeoplearetodrugsoralcohol.Insomecitycenters,workaholismissocommonthatpeopledonotconsideritunusual.Theyacceptthelifestyleasnormal.Workaholismcanbeaseriousproblem.Becausetrueworkaholicswouldratherworkthandoanythingelse,theyprobablydon’tknowhowtorelax;thatis,theymightnotenjoymovies,sports,orothertypesofentertainment.Mostofall,theyhatetositanddonothing.Thelivesofworkaholicsareusuallystressful,andthisstresscancausehealthproblems.Inaddition,typicalworkaholicsdon’tpaymuchattentiontotheirfamilies.Theyspendlittletimewiththeirchildren,andmarriagesmayend.Isworkaholismalwaysdangerous?Perhapsnot.Thereare,certainly,peoplewhoworkwellunderstress.Somestudiesshowthatmanyworkaholicshavegreatenergyandinterestinlife.Theirworkissopleasurablethattheyareactuallyveryhappy.Formostworkaholics,workandentertainmentarethesamething.Theirjobsprovidethemwithachallenge;thiskeepsthembusyandcreative.Otherpeopleretirefromworkatagesixty-five,butworkaholicsusuallyprefernottoquit.Theyarestillinterestedinworkandlifeintheireightiesandnineties.Perhapssomepeopleareforcedtowork,buttheiraddictiontoworkseemstobeasafe,evenanadvantageousone.46.Theword“workaholics”(Para.1)inthefirstparagraphreferstothose______.A.whoarealwaysunderstressanddon’tknowhowtogetridofitB.whodonothaveagoodrelationshipwiththeirchildrenandwivesC.whodon’tknowhowtoenjoymoviesordosportsintheirsparetimeD.whospendasmuchtimeworkingaspossibleandhavenointerestinotherthings正確答案:D解析:第一段的這個詞前面有these這一指示代詞,再加上workaholics本身是復數(shù),所以指代的是前面提到的人,也就是說第一句話里的somepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork—infact,theylovetowork。由此可以推斷出他們是一群喜歡工作、喜歡加班的人,即工作狂。故選D項。47.Aproblemworkaholismmaycauseisthat______.A.lifeunderstressmightbedullandboringB.people’shealthmightbedamagedbyoverworkC.thechancetolivetogetherwithfamiliesmaybegoodD.theabilitytogetalongwithpeopleisnotdeveloped正確答案:B解析:根據(jù)文章第三段中的句子“Thelivesofworkaholicsareusuallystressful,andthisstresscancausehealthproblems”可以推斷出B項為正確答案。B項中的overwork表示“過度工作”,即加班。48.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whatkeepsaworkaholicalwaysbusyis______.A.themoneyhisjobprovidesB.theentertainmentinlifeC.thechallengeinhisjobD.thestressinhislife正確答案:C解析:本題可通過文章第四段“Theirjobsprovidethemwithachallenge;thiskeepsthembusyandcreative”選出C項。49.Workaholicsarenotwillingtoleavetheirpostsatagesixty-fivemainlybecause______.A.theywantmoremoneyB.theyarestillingoodhealthC.theywanttomeetnewpeopleD.theyfeelworkmeansalottothem正確答案:D解析:本題為細節(jié)題,可采用排除法做題,因為A、B、C三項明顯是錯誤的,有的是文章中沒有提到,有的是過度推斷。D項“他們覺得工作對于他們而言非常重要”符合題意。50.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Workaholism.B.AnAddiction.C.WorkandEntertainment.D.WorkandHealth.正確答案:A解析:本文都是圍繞workaholism展開論述,講述了這樣一類人,以及他們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g工作,甚至討論了加班是否對身體健康及家庭生活帶來危害等,故選A項。Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheideasoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestiontheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguiltyintheirpersonallives?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot‘sinful’.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.51.Accordingtothepassage,theyoungtoday______.A.a(chǎn)reforcedtoremembertheoldeventsB.a(chǎn)remoredependentonfamilyC.havemoremoneyandfreedomD.havemorerestrictionsandproblems正確答案:C解析:本題可直接定位原文第一段,現(xiàn)在的年輕人受過更好的教育,有更多的零花錢,能享受更多的自由。故選C項。52.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.thedifferencesbetweentheyoungandtheoldarethegreatestB.todaytheoldcomplainmoreabouttheyoung’sbehaviorsC.theyoungarebettereducatedandknowmoreD.theoldremembermanyoldevents正確答案:A解析:本題是推理判斷題。A項表達的是“老一輩人和年輕人之間的差異是最大的”,結(jié)合全文可知,無論從什么地方看,老一輩人和年輕人處理問題的方式亦或是對待事物的看法都是有很大差異的,該項正確。B項表達的是“現(xiàn)在的老一輩人抱怨年輕人的行為”,這個在文章中并未提及。C項表達的是“年輕人受到更好的教育,并且知道得多。”這只是作者在文章中陳述的一個事實,不是推斷出來的,本題題干中寫的是infer,即從文章中可以推斷出來的,故C項不符合。D項表達的是“老一輩人能記住很多過去發(fā)生的事情。”這個其實是對第一段句子“Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.”的錯誤解讀,這句話的實際意思是“上一代人所記住的那些歷歷在目的事件不過是過去的歷史而已?!?3.Theyoungcannotunderstand______.A.whytheyshouldrememberthoseoldeventsB.whytheirparentsaresopossessiveofthemC.whytheyshouldreceivebettereducationD.whytheoldoftenresorttoviolenceorwartosolveproblems正確答案:D解析:結(jié)合原文第二段,A、B、C三項都不符合文章意思,只有D項中的短語resortto表示“采取……,訴諸于……”,所以D項的意思是“為什么老一輩人總是采取暴力和戰(zhàn)爭來解決問題”,這個可以定位原文中的第二段“Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?”這里的used其實就是resortto的意思。54.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthereasonwhytheoldalwaysassumetheyknowbest?A.Theyarericherthantheyoung.B.Theyarehappierthantheyoung.C.Theyhavebettermemorythantheyoung.D.Theyhavelivedlongerthantheyoung.正確答案:D解析:題干問的是,老年人為什么會認為他們知道得多并了解得更深刻呢?根據(jù)常識以及結(jié)合文章的意思可知,老一輩人會有這種想法,無非是認為自己是老人,有經(jīng)歷,走過的路比年輕人吃過的鹽還多。再結(jié)合文章第二段的段首句“Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.”在這里,theyhavebeenaroundabitlonger就是D項表達的意思,即:他們認為自己活得長一點,經(jīng)歷多一點。55.Accordingtothepassage,whattheoldcanlearnfromtheyoungisthat______.A.onehasreasontoenjoylifeB.conventionalpoliticsisgoingoutthewayC.receivingbettereducationisveryimportantD.happinessisthemostimportantthinginlife正確答案:A解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot‘sinful’.”這句話意思是“老一輩人能夠從年輕人身上學到的一個最大的教訓就是享受生活不是有罪的?!边@里sinful表示“罪惡的,有罪的”,所以結(jié)合文章,A項符合題目要求,即“每一個人都有理由去享受人生,活在當下,而不要拘泥于傳統(tǒng)的觀點和思想?!盉、C兩項在文章中沒有提及。最容易構(gòu)成干擾的是D項,“快樂是生活中最重要的事情”,這屬于過度推斷,文章中沒有提及這個意思,只是告訴我們每一個人都應(yīng)該有理由去享受生活,而不是說快樂就是生活中最重要的。Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutanovercoat,whenamanagergetsanewsportscar,abighouseandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.Theneedsofmankindarethoughttobemadeupseverallevels.Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarII,theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared;the“l(fā)ife-enriching”level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,theneedincomfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled“l(fā)uxury”items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddentalcare,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthelateststylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightstoafifthlevelofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourthlevel?Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crime,andprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.56.Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingandclothingonlywhen______.A.hehassavedupenoughmoneyB.hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelterC.hehassatisfiedhishungerD.hehaslearnedtobuildhouses正確答案:C解析:本題為細節(jié)題。題目問的是人類會在什么時候開始考慮需要房子和衣服。本題可以定位原文的第二段的段首句和第二句“Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.”。在第二句話中,shelter表示“庇護,避難所”,代指房子housing,也就是人們對食物的需求得到滿足,才開始產(chǎn)生對衣服和房子的需求,故選C項。57.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendoftheWorldWarAmostAmericans______.A.wereveryrichB.livedinpovertyC.hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevelsD.didnotownautomobiles正確答案:D解析:推理判斷題。本題問的是,從本文中可以推斷出第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束的時候,大多數(shù)美國人是如何的?定位文章第二段“BytheendofWorldWarⅡ,theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans”,即二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,關(guān)于第二層次的衣服和住宿的需求已經(jīng)得到解決。然后Thenathirdlevelappeared。這說明第三層次的需求出現(xiàn)了,即這個時候第三層次的需求還沒有滿足。由此可以推斷出D項,即這個時候大多數(shù)美國人還沒有擁有汽車這個第三層次的需求。58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedto“physicalsatisfaction”?A.Asuccessfulcareer.B.Acozyhome.C.Agoodmeal.D.Afamilycar.正確答案:A解析:本題問的是選項中哪一個與physicalsatisfaction無關(guān)。而文章中第二段中間提到的是“Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,theneedincomfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.”這里說的是physicalsatisfaction與comfort,safety,transportation有關(guān),而第四個層次mentalneeds關(guān)注的是recognition,achievement,andhappiness??v觀四個選項,B、C、D三項都是指具體的物質(zhì)的需求,而不是mentalneeds(精神需求),故選A項。59.Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?A.Themoregoodsthebetter.B.Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.C.Themore“l(fā)uxury”itemsthebetter.D.Themoreearningsthebetter.正確答案:B解析:根據(jù)上題的解析可知需求的第四個層次是精神方面的需求,即mentalneeds,也就是人們看中的是service而不是goods,A項錯誤。人們在這一層次需求的重點應(yīng)該是mentalsatisfactions,B項符合題意。60.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthatafifthlevel______.A.wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevelB.maybealotmoredesirablethanthefirstfourC.canbethelastandmostsatisfyinglevelD.willbecomeattainableifthegovernmenttakesactions正確答案:B解析:根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話“…wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevel.”,可以推斷出我們?nèi)祟愒跐M足了胃、衣服、車庫、牙齒、思想之后,會更加關(guān)注第五層次的需求。也就是說,人類認為第五層次的需求比前面四個層次要更好、更加令人向往。ClozeTobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor,youmustbeableto【C1】______theattentionandinterestofyourstudents,youmustbea【C2】______speaker,withagood,strong,【C3】______voicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeableto【C4】______whatyouareteaching,inordertomakeitsmeaningclear.【C5】______agoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesnotsitstill【C6】______hisclass:hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghis【C7】______,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeeling.Listentohim,andyouwill【C8】______theloudness,thequalityandthemusicalnoteofhisvoicealways【C9】______accordingtowhatheis【C10】______about.Thefactthatagoodteacherhassomeofthegiftsofagoodactordoesn’t【C11】______thathewillindeedbeabletoact【C12】______onthestage,forthereareveryimportant【C13】______betweentheteacher’sworkandtheactor’s.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythe【C14】______wordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart,【C15】_

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