職稱英語衛(wèi)生類a級模擬31

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級模擬31

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

1、TheSocialInsuranceNumber(SIN)cardistheprimarymodeofidentification

forCanadians.

A.principalB.originalC.priorD.sole

2、TheLeagueofWomenVotersisanonpartisanorganizationthatpromotes

informedactivepublicparticipationingovernment.

A.amateurB.organizedC.educatedD.dedicated

1

3、MargaretAvison,oneofCanadasfinestpoetszhasremainedoutsidethe

mainstreamofrecognizedwriters.

A.thrivedB.stayedC.reappearedD.published

4、Nationalforestsmakemoneyforthegovernmentthroughthesaleoftrees

forlumber.

A.earnB.printC.tradeD.borrow

5、Scottseizedtheopportunitytopresenthisproposaltothedirector.

A.realizedB.graspedC.renderedD.delivered

6、Henslayingeggsneedplentyofnourishingfood.

A.eatB.requireC.findD.use

7、Engineersusetheprinciplesofaerodynamicsindesigningairplanesandother

objectsaffectedbyaerodynamicforces.

A.lawsB.movements

C.studiesD.products

8、Therepresentativewasaskedtoverifyhisearlierstatement.

A.confirmB.withdrawC.repeatD.modify

9、Therecyclingofaluminumconservesninety-fivepercentoftheenergyneeded

tomakenewmetal.

A.cleaningB.reprocessingC.resellingD.crushing

10、ColumbusdiscoveredAmericawhileseekingatraderoutetoIndia.

A.mappingB.hopingfor

C.searchingforD.finding

11>Colorchangesinchameleonsseemtobecausedbyenvironmentaltemperature

aswellasbyotherexternalstimuli.

A.oughtB.haveC.appearD.used

12、Manycitydwellersareturningvacantlotsintothrivinggardens.

A.costlyB.emptyC.smallD.shady

13>Acculturationisaprocesswherebythemembersofonecultureadoptthe

customsofanother.

A.spreadB.regulateC.takeonD,counton

14、Thewalrususesitstuskstodigfoodfromtheoceanbottom.

A.floorB.environmentC.islandsD.waves

15>Aresultofnuclearexplosion,falloutisthedescentofminuteparticles

ofradioactivematerialthroughtheatmosphere.

A.chargedB.heavyC.tinyD.lost

第2部分：閱讀判斷

DiningCustom

Everylandhasitsowndiningcustom,andtheUnitedStatesisnoexception.

Americansfeelthatthefirstruleofbeingapoliteguestistobeontime.

Ifapersonisinvitedtodinnerat6:30,thehostessexpectshimtobethere

at6.30ornotmorethanafewminutesafter.Becausesheusuallydoesher

owncooking,shetimesthemealsothatthecoffeeandmeatwillbeattheir

bestatthetimesheaskstheguesttocome.Ifheislate,thefoodwill

notbesogood,andthehostesswillbedisappointed.Whentheguestcannot

comeontimezhecallshishostorhostessonthetelephonezgivesthereason,

andtellsatwhattimehethinkshecancome.

Asguestscontinuetoarrive,themeninthegroupstandwhenawomanenters

andremainstandinguntilshehasfoundachair.Amanalwaysriseswhenhe

isbeingintroducedtoawoman.Awomandoesnotrisewhensheisbeingintroduced

eithertoamanorawomanunlessthewomanismucholder.

Whentheguestssitdownatadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthemen

tohelptheladiesbypushingtheirchairsunderthem.

EvenanAmericanmaybeconfusedbythenumberofknives,forks,andspoons

besidehisplatewhenhesitsdowntoaformaldinner.Theruleissimple,

however.usethemintheorderinwhichtheylie,beginningfromtheoutside.

Orwatchthehostessanddowhatshedoes.Thesmallforkontheoutsideon

theleftisforsalad,whichisoftenservedwiththesoup.Thespoonon

theoutsideattherightisforsoup,andsoon.Sometimesthereisaseparate

littleknife,calledabutterspreader,onasmallbread-and-butterplateat

theleft.Asthebreadispassed,eachguestputshispieceonthebread-and-butter

plate.

16、Asacountryofimmigrants,theU.S.doesnothaveitsowndiningcustoms.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Theguestisexpectedtoarriveontimebecausethecoffeeandmeatwill

beattheirbestatthetimeheisrequiredtocome.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Awomanusuallyriseswhensheisbeingintroducedtoanagedgentleman.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Atadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthementoarrangechairsforladies.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、AtformalAmericandinner,theknives,forks,andspoonsbesidetheplate

areplacedinacertainorder.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Therightordertousetheknives,forksandspoonsataformaldinner

isfromthelefttotheright.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Ataformaldinner,breadisusuallyservedtogetherwithsaladandsoup.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

HowdidEnglishBecomeaGlobalLanguage?

1TheriseofEnglishisaremarkabletaleasProfessorDavidCrystal

remindsusinhisattractive,shortbooknEnglishasaGlobalLanguage."

2Itiscertainlyquiteatheme.WhenJuliusCaesarlandedinBritain

morethan2,000yearsago,Englishdidnotexist.Fivehundredyearslater,

English,virtuallyincomprehensibletomodernearszwasprobablyspokenby

aboutasfewpeopleascurrentlyspeakCherokee,thelanguageofasmallNorth

AmericanIndiantribeandwithaslittleinfluence.About1,000yearslater,

attheendofthe16thcentury,andaftertheNormanConquest,theReformation

andthearrivalofcommercialprintingtechnology,Englishwasthenativespeech

ofbetween5millionand7millionpeople.Andyetnowlookatit.Asthe

secondmillenniumapproacheszEnglishismorewidelyscattered,morewidely

spokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguagehaseverbeen.Inthetitleof

thebookithasbecomeatrulygloballanguage.AccordingtoDavidCrystal,about

2.09billionpeople,welloverone-thirdoftheworld1spopulationareroutinely

exposedtoit.

3Asherightlypointsoutzwhatisimpressiveaboutthisstaggeringfigure

is"notsomuchthegrandtotalbutthespeedwithwhichexpansionhastaken

placesincethe19501s.In1950,thecaseforEnglishasaworldlanguage

wouldhavebeennomorethanplausible.Fiftyyearsonandthecaseisvirtually

won."

4Sowhathappened?

5Someoneoncesaidthatalanguageisadialectwithanarmyandanavy.

Inotherwords,whentheBritishnavysetouttoconquertheworld,itset

outan"army'*ofEnglishspeakers.AstheBritishempirespreadthroughout

theworld,Englishbecamethebasisoflawcommerceandeducation.TheBritish

empirewassucceededbyanother(theAmerican),whichsharedvirtuallythe

samelinguisticheritage.AmericanEnglish,whichhasbecometherocket-fuel

oftheEnglishlanguage,hasmagicallyfounditswayintoareasundreamed

of40,letalone400yearsago.

6ThemostvaluablepartofCrystal*sstudyisthesectiondevotedto

aspeedyanalysisoftheculturalbasisofthisglobalreach,notablythe

influenceofbroadcasting,press,advertising,popularmusicandfilm.He

isalsoup-to-dateandinformativeinhisidentificationoftheWorldwide-Web

asapowerfulreinforcerofAmericanculturalandlinguisticdominance.

7Oneofhismostinterestingpassagesconcernstheroleplayedbythe

LeagueofNations,andlatertheUnitedNations,inspreadingEnglishasan

internationallanguageintheaftermathofthetwoworldwars.

8Whatdoesthefuturehold?Tothisquestion,Crystalproposesthe

recognitionofanewformofEnglish-WSSE(WorldStandardSpokenEnglish)-which

almostbydefinitionrulesoutthepossibilitythatEnglishwouldfragment

intomutuallyunintelligiblelanguagesasLatinoncedid.11English,insome

shapeorform,willfinditselfintheserviceoftheworldcommunityforever,

"Crystalwrites.

A.ThefutureofEnglish

B.ThespeedofthespreadofEnglish

C.Theroleplayedbycultureandthenet

D.Theroleplayedbymilitaryexpansion

E.Theroleplayedbyeducation

F.The2z000yearsofEnglish

23、Paragraph2_______

24、Paragraph3_______

25、Paragraph5_______

26、Paragraph6_______

A.becauseoftheirsimilarity

B.thatwewouldnotbeabletounderstanditatall

C.tothepopularizationofEnglishasaworldlanguage

D.thetrendtobecomeagloballanguage

E.whatoncehappenedtoLatin

F.butthespeedwithwhich

27、ThekindofEnglishspoken1,500yearsagowassodifferentfromtheEnglish

wespeaktoday.

28>Whatimpressespeoplemostisnottheincreasingnumberofspeakersof

Englishfoundallovertheworld,_______thelanguagehasspreadinthepast

halfcenturyorso.

29、Thetwointernationalorganizationsfoundedafterthetwoworldwasmade

theircontributions.

30、Crystalexpressesthebeliefthatinthefuturewillnothappen

toEnglish.

第4部分：閱讀理解

弟扁

ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics

Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeIIdiabetescouldstoptakinginsulin

iftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesjustthreetimesaweek,according

tonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedintheCopenhagennewspaperBerlingske

TidendeonMonday.

ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagenCentralHospital

RigshospitaletsCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecan

boostthebody*sabilitytoutiliseinsulinby30percent,thenewspaper

reported.

Thisisequaltotheeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulin

medicationtoday,itsaid.

Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtype

IIzallmorethan60yearsofagezexerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekfor

threemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthe

testsubjectsmusclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulin

worked.

AssociateProfessorDr.FlemmingDelaoftheMuscleResearchCentersaid

thetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulin

utilizationasthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.

"Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physical

exercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabeteszbutitcaneliminatealmostalltheir

symptoms.Atthesametimeitcanputoffthepointatwhichtheyhaveto

n

begintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatmentzDela

wasquotedassaying.

Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthe

bodyandusedagainstdiabetes.

Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercise

tothepointwheretheybegintoworkupasweat,butthattheactivityhas

tobemaintainedsinceitwearsoffafterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

Mostdiabeticsrealizethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremaining

unawareoftheimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.

31、HowcouldmostelderlytypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?

A.Bytakingmoresaltthanusual.

B.Bytakinglesssaltthanusual.

C.Bydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.

D.Bygoingclimbing,swimmingorboxingeveryday.

32、Physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinby.

A.70percentB.30percent

C.60percentD.onlyafewpercent

33^ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenCentral

Hospitalincluded.

A.elderlynon-diabeticmenB.elderlytypeIIdiabeticmere

C.bothsexesofallagesD.bothAandB

34、Towhatadegreehavediabeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesired

effect1?

A.Tothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.

B.Tothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.

C.Tothepointwhentheyreelthirsty.

D.Tothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.

35、AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseis

theimportanceofwatchingtheirdiet.

A.aspoorlyunderstoodas

B.aswellunderstoodas

C.lessunderstoodthan

D.betterunderstoodthan

勿J—

Corporations

Acorporationisafirmownedbyoneormoreindividualswhoownshares

ofstockthatdefineownershipandrightstoprofits.Liabilityislimited

tothevalueofcorporationassets.Althoughcorporationsconstitutethe

smallestcategoryofbusinessorganizationintheUnitedStates,theyconduct

mostofthebusiness.In1998.corporationsaccountedforjust19percent

ofthetotalnumberoffirmsintheeconomybut90percentoftotalbusiness

revenuers.Fromthesenumberswecaninferthatmanylargefirmsarecorporations

andthatthisformofbusinessorganizationpossessescertainadvantagesover

theproprietorshipandthepartnershipinconductinglarge-scaleproduction

andmarketing.

Inacorporation,ownershipisdividedintoequalpartscalledsharesof

stock.Sharesaretheequalportionsintowhichownershipofacorporation

isdivided.Ifanystockholderdiesorsellsouttoanewowner,theexistence

ofthebusinessorganizationisnotterminatedorendangeredasitisina

proprietorshiporpartnership.Forthisreasonthecorporationissaidto

possessthefeatureofcontinuity（連續(xù)性）.

Anotherfeaturethatmakesthecorporationradicallydifferentfromother

formsofbusinessorganizationissharetransferability-therightofowners

totransfertheirsharesbysaleorgiftwithouthavingtoobtainthepermission

ofothershareholders（股東）.Formanylargeorganizationszsharesofstock

aretradedonastockmarketsuchastheNewYorkStockExchange.Other

corporationszhowever,aresmaller,andtheirsharesaretradedsoseldom

thattheyarenotevenlistedonformalstockexchanges.Thesharesofthese

firmsaretradedbyindependentstockbrokers（JJ殳票經(jīng)2己人）ontheover-the-counter

market.

Sharetransferabilityisthemosteconomicallyimportantfeatureofthe

corporation；infact,sharetransferabilityisonereasonfortheoriginof

thecorporation.Itallowsownersandmanagerstospecializezincreasing

efficiencyandprofitabilityinthefirm.Ownersofstockinacorporation

donotneedtobeconcernedwiththeday-to-dayoperationsofthefirm.All

thatownersneedtodoisobservethechangingpriceofthefirm*sshares

onthestockmarkettodecidewhetherthecompanyisbeingcompetentlymanaged

iftheyaredissatisfiedwiththeperformanceofthecompany,theycansell

theirstock.Managerszontheotherhand,specializeinreviewingtheday-to-day

operationsofthecorporation.

Stillanotherfeatureofthecorporationislimitedliability.Corporate

shareholdersareresponsibleforthedebtsorliabilitiesofthecorporation

onlytotheextentthattheyhaveinvestedinit.Manyinvestorsprefer

investmentsinwhichtheirriskofpersonallossisstrictlylimited；the

amountofdirectinvestmentincorporationsisthereforeincreasedasaresult

ofthelimitedliabilityinvolved.

36、Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Theconceptandfeaturesofcorporation.

B.Thedifferencebetweencorporationandotherformsofbusiness

organization.

C.Theadvantagescorporationspossess.

D.Theformationofacorporation.

37、Onedifferencebetweenacorporationandapartnershipliesin.

A.scaleofoperation

B.profitability

C,amountoffunds

D?featureofcontinuity

38、Inthecaseofacorporation,therighttotransfersharesis?

A.illegal

B.legal

C.flexible

D.inflexible

39、Thepassageimpliesthatthepriceofthefirm'ssharesisanindication

ofits_______.

A.performance

B.earnings

C.size

D.profits

40、Onedefiningfeatureofthecorporationis

A.profitability

B.credibility

C.efficiency

D.shareoftransferability

Common-coldSense

Youcan*tbeatitzbutyoudon*thavetojoinit.Maybeitgotthename

"commoncold"becauseit1smorecommoninwinter.Thefactis,though,being

colddoesn1thaveanythingtodowithgettingone.Coldsarecausedbythe

spreadofrhinoviruses,and,atleastsofar,medicalscienceisbetterat

tellingyouhowtoavoidgettingonethanhowtogetridofone.

Childrenarethemostcommonwaycoldvirusesarespreadtoadultszbecause

theyhavemorecoldsthanadults-anaverageofabouteightperyear.Whydo

kidsseemsomuchmoreeasilytogetcoldsthantheirparents?Simple.They

haven*thadtheopportunitytobecomeimmunetomanycoldviruses.

Therearemorethan150differentcoldviruses,andyouneverhavethe

sameonetwice.Beinginfectedbyonemakesyouimmunetoit-butonlyit.

Coldsareusuallyspreadbydirectcontact,notsneezingorcoughing.From

anotherperson1shandtoyourhandandthentoyournoseoreyesisthemost

commonroute.Thehighestconcentrationofcoldvirusesanywhereisfound

underthethumbnailsofaboy,althoughthevirusescansurviveforhours

onskinorothersmoothsurfaces.

Hygieneisyourbestdefense.Washyourhandsfrequently,preferablywith

adisinfectantsoap,especiallywhenchildreninyourhouseholdhavecolds.

Butevencarefulhygienewon*twardoffeverycold.So,whatworkswhen

acoughing,sneezing,runnynosestrikes?

Theoldprescriptionoftwoaspirins,lotsofwater,andbedrestisa

goodplacetostart.Butyou'11alsofindsomeofthefolkremediesworth

trying.Hotmixturesofsugar(orhoney),lemon,andwaterhaverealbenefits.

41>Accordingtotheessay,youmayhaveacoldbecause.

A.itiscausedbythecoldwinterweather

B.thespreadofrhinovirusesgetspeopleinfected

C.becauseanotherperson1scoughingpassesthecoldtoyou

D.becauseyouwashyourhandstoooften

42、Thebestwaytokeepyourselffromgettingcoldsis.

A.tokeepyourselfclean

B.touseadisinfectantsoap

C.totaketwoaspirinpillseveryday

D.todrinklotsofwater

43、Childrenhavemorecoldsbecause

A.theyareusuallyinfectedabouteighttimeseachyear

B.theyarenotimmunetomanycoldviruses

C.theyneverwashtheirhandssothattheirthumbnailsaredirty

D.theydon*tlikeeatinglemon

44、Whenyouarehavingacold,.

A.itisalwaysthesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

B.itmaybethesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

C.itiscertainlynotthesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

D.itisprobablynotthesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

45、Whenoneishavingacold,heoftenhassomesymptomsEXCEPT

A.coughing

B.havingasorethroat

C?havingarunnynose

D.havingastomachache

第5部分：補(bǔ)全對話

TheBuildingofthePyramids

Theoldeststonebuildingsintheworldarethepyramids.46Thereare

overeightyofthemscatteredalongthebanksoftheNile,someofwhichare

differentinshapefromthetruepyramids.Themostfamousofthesearethe

"Step"pyramidandthe"Bentnpyramid.

Someofthepyramidsstilllookmuchthesameastheymusthavedonewhen

theywerebuiltthousandsofyea