考研英語閱讀模擬184

［模擬］考研英語閱讀模擬184

多項選擇

Theoretically,ifsleepplaysanybiologicallyorpsychologically

essentialroleinthelifeofanorganism,thatroleshouldbecomeapparent

whentheorganismhasbeensystematicallydeprivedofsleep.However,in

someexperiments,subjectsdeprivedofsleepforperiodsoftwohundred

hoursormorehavebeenabletofunctiononanalmostnormallevel.The

resultsofcertainearlystudies,whichseemedtosuggestthatpsychotic

likesymptoms,includinghallucinations,lossofidentity,andbizarre

behavior,wouldroutinelyoccurafteralengthyperiodofenforced

sleeplessness,havenotbeenconfirmed.Whenthesesymptomshaveoccurred,

ithasgenerallybeeninsubjectswhosehistoryrevealedapredisposition

tomentalinstability.Inanycase,theadverseeffectsofsleeplessness

havebeenfoundtopersistonlyrarelybeyondaoneortwodayperiodof

recoverysleepfollowingtheexperimentalvigil.

Certainrelativelymildreactionstoprolongedsleep

deprivationdooccurwithsomeregularity.Handtremors,slurredspeech,

andinsensitivitytovisual,aural,andtactilestimulationarecommon

insleepdeprivedsubjects.Thereisusuallysomelossofefficiencyin

theperformanceoftasks,althoughthenatureanddegreeoftheloss

dependsonthetypeoftaskimposed.Tasksforwhichthesubjectisable

tosethisorherownworkpaceareaffectedveryslightlybysleep

deprivation.Ontheotherhand,whenthetaskitselfimposesaparticular

workpace,accuracyandefficiencyarelikelytodropdramatically.

Lengthytasksaremoreadverselyaffected,asaretasksrequiring

alertnesstofleetingsensorystimuli.Sometheoristscontendthatthe

difficultiesencounteredwithwork-pacedtasksbysleepdeprivedpersons

canbeexplainedby“microsleep”,momentarylapsesintosleepbyan

otherwisewakefulindividual.Microsleepepisodes,whilebriefandoften

undetectedbythesubject,arethoughttobelikelytocauseerrorsof

omissioninatask.

Atthecompletionofanexperimentalvigil,mostsubjectshave

a12-14-hourperiodofsleep,afterwhichmosteffectsofthedeprivation

aregone.Forthefirsttwoorthreenightsafterthevigil,theusual

patternofsleepstagesrecordedisgenerallydisrupted.Thefirst

recoverynightincludesamuchgreateramountthanusualofstage-4sleep

(thedeepestformofsleep),withcorrespondinglyshorterperiodsof

stage-1,stage-2,stage-3,andREMsleep,Thesecondrecoverynight

generallyincludesslightlymorestage-4sleepthanusual,butmore

strikingisthesharpincreasein(REMsleep),thetypeofsleepassociated

withdreaming.ThemarkedreboundinREMsleepafteraperiodofenforced

i

wakefulnessgenerallysupportsthenotionthatsomeminimumamountof

dreamingisnecessaryforfullpsychologicalhealth,althoughitleaves

obscurethequestionastoexactlyhoworwhy.

Vocabulary

psychotic[n.]精神病患者

hallucination[n.]幻覺

bizarre[ddj.]奇怪的，荒唐的

predisposition[n.]傾向

vigil[n.]守夜,不睡覺

tremor[n.]顫動

fleeting[adj.]瞬息萬變的，快速的

episode[n.]情況,情節(jié)

electroencephalogram[n.]腦電圖

rebound[n.]增長

□

第1題：

Whichofthefollowing,bestexpressestheauthor，sattitudetowards

dreaming?

A.Dreamingcanhelppeoplehaveasoundmind.

B.Minimumdreamingonlypromotepeople，sphysicalgoodness.

C.DreamingisusuallyassociatedwithREMsleep.

D.Dreamingisasymbolforpsychologicalrecovery.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

應選[A],事實細節(jié)題。從最后一段中“someminimumamountofdreamingis

necessaryforfullpsychologicalhealth"，可以判斷做夢對于心理健康是非

常重要的。

第2題：

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorusesthephrase^REMsleep,?tomean______.

A.akindofdeepsleep

B.akindofmomentarysleep

C.akindofshallowsleep

D.akindofmildtemper

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應選[C],詞義句意題。作者在文中提到了五種睡眠：stage-4sleep(the

deepestformofsleep),withcorrespondinglyshorterperiodsofstage-1,

stage-2,stage-3,andREMsleep0由這里可以判斷REMsleep是一種淺睡眠。

2

第3題：

AccordingtotheinformationinPara.1,wecaninferthat.

A.mostpeoplecannotbewakefulfor200hourswithoutirrevocable

symptoms

B.thosepeoplewhosufferfrommentaldisturbancearenotsuitable

toworklonghours

C.thefunctionofsleepisnotsoclearlydefinable

D.hallucinations,lossofidentity,andbizarrebehaviorare

associatedwithalengthyperiodofenforcedsleeplessness

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應選［B］,推理判斷題。第一段中說“Whenthesesymptomshaveoccurred,it

hasgenerallybeeninsubjectswhosehistoryrevealedapredisposition

tomentalinstability",精神不穩(wěn)定的人會出現(xiàn)許多不好的癥狀，所以我們

可以推斷這些人不適宜長時間連續(xù)工作。

第4題：

Theauthorwritesthesecondparagraphmainlytoshowthattheefficiency

ofsleepdeprivedsubjects.

A.varyfrompeopletopeople

B.varyfromjobtojob

C.decreasesdramatically

D.remainconstant

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應選［B］,段落主旨題。作者寫這一段是為了說明長時間不睡覺后，感覺器宮的

靈敏度下降，但是在不同的任務中表現(xiàn)顯著不同。選擇項［B］中的job和原文中

的task形成同義關系。

第5題：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutsleepdeprivedpersons?

A.Thosewithmentalproblemsmayhavemoreadversereactions.

B.Theirworkmaybepartlyinfluenced.

C.Theyneedonlyafewdaystorecover.

D.Theycancontrolthemicrosleepanddoagoodjobinroutinework.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應選［D］,事實細節(jié)題。［AK［B］和［C］都可以在文章中找到對應的內容。同時

在文章中作者稱，“小睡眠”是無法被覺察的，而且缺乏睡眠者在步驟不變的工

作(routinework)中，其工作表現(xiàn)會打折扣。正與［D］選項內容相反。

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Americaisthelandoftheautomobile.Thiscountryhasonly6percent

oftheworld，spopulationbut46percentoftheworld'scars.Rightnow,

thereare97millionprivatelyownedcarsconsuming75billiongallons

ofgasolineandtravelinganestimated1000billionmilesayear.The

figuresalsoaffirmsomethingweknoweverytimewerefillourgasoline

tank.Theautomobileisaverythirstypieceoftechnology.Ofthetotal

petroleumsupplyintheUnitedStates,30percentgoestoquenchthat

thirst.Everyyearforeachpassengercar,about800gallonsofgasoline

areconsumed.

Otheraspectsofourcommitmenttotheautomobilealsobear

mentioninghere.Ittakesagreatdealofenergytomanufactureone

automobile一about150millionBTU'sofenergy.Thisisequivalentto1

200gallonsofgasoline,enoughtorunacarforabout16000miles.We

expendenergyintheprocessofshippingcarsfromfactoriestoshowrooms,

displayingthemforsaleandmakingreplacementpartsforrepairs.One

outofsixjobsinthenationisassociatedwiththeautomobilebusiness.

Abouttwogallonsofgasolineareconsumedintheprocessofmakingevery

tengallonsthatarepumpedintoanautomobile'sgastank.

Buildinghighwaysandparkinglotshasusedupmuchofourland.

Ithasbeenestimatedthatwehavepavedover21000squaremilesofthis

country，ssurface,mostofittoaccommodatetheautomobile.The

automobileisalsothelargestcontributortoournation，sairpollution

problemandaveryseriousonebecausemostofitspollutantsareemitted

inourlargemetropolitanareas.

Asidefromthegreatimpactthatwouldoccurifeveryone

seriouslypractisedconservation,oneshouldstopandthinkabouthisown

casualuseoftheautomobile.Therearenumeroussituationswherebetter

planningandawarenesscouldreallymakeadifferenceinenergysavings

anddollars.Becausetheautomobileusesthelargestpercentageofenergy-

inanaverageAmericanfamily，senergybudgetandalmosthalfofthe

dollars,theimpetusforsavingsistremendous.(362words)

a

［聽力原文］

美國是汽車王國。美國人口只占世界人口的6%,但是它的汽車擁有量占世界

46%o現(xiàn)在美國有私車9700萬輛，每年消耗汽油750億加侖，旅行里程估計約

1萬億公里。這些數(shù)字也肯定了每當我們給油箱加油時我們所了解的情況。汽車

是需要科技的產品。美國總的石油供應中30%的油是汽車消耗的。每年每輛轎

車要消耗800加侖汽油。

我們對汽車所承擔的其他義務也該在這里提一下。制造一輛汽車需要大量

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的能量，大約為一億五仟萬英國熱量單位的能量。這等于1200加侖的汽油，足

以使一輛轎車跑16000英里。我們把汽車從制造廠運到商品陳列庫、展出銷售

和制造修理備件都要消耗能量。美國六分之一的就業(yè)機會和汽車業(yè)有關。生產注

入汽車油箱的每10加侖汽油要消耗大約2加侖汽油。

建造公路和停車場已經(jīng)用掉了許多土地。業(yè)已估計，我們已經(jīng)鋪設了21

000多平方英里的國土，其中大部分是供汽車使用。汽車是造成我國空氣污染問

題的主要原因。這個問題很嚴重，因為大部分汽車的污染物是排放在大都市地區(qū)。

如果人人都去節(jié)省資源，那就會產生巨大的影響。此外，人們應該停下來

好好思考一下他自己對汽車的隨便使用。在許多情況下更好的安排和良好的節(jié)能

意識，既能節(jié)省能源又能減少開支。由于汽車用掉了普通美國家庭能源預算的一

大部分以及家庭預算的將近一半，所以它對節(jié)省的影響舉足輕重。

第6題：

Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeoplerealizethat.

A.alternatesourcesofenergymustbefound

B.carpoolshelptosolvesomeoftheenergyproblem

C.theautomobileuseslargeamountsofgasoline

D.greateffortshavebeenmadetosolvetheenergyproblem

參考答案：c

答案解析：

［答案］C.theautomobileuseslargeamountsofgasoline［注釋］作者觀點

題。本題問：根據(jù)作者的看法，大多數(shù)人意識到了什么？作者在第1段中敘述了

美國大量汽車消耗了大量汽油。在第1段結論句中他做概括：“Everyyearfor

eachpassengercar,about800gallonsofgasolineareconsumed.”可見,

答案應選C。A作者并未提及。B.“汽車的集中使用有助于解決某些能源問題”

文中并未談到。D文中也未論述。故A、B、D均應排除。

第7題：

Intheauthor，seyes,mostpeopledonotrealizethat_____.

A.themanufactureoftheautomobilerequiresmuchenergy

B.gasolineismoreexpensivethanhomeheatingoil

C.automobilespeedlowersenergyefficiency

D.oilresourcescouldsomedayrunout

參考答案：A

答案解析：

［答案］A.themanufactureoftheautomobilerequiresmuchenergy［注釋］

細節(jié)歸納題。本題問：在作者看來大多數(shù)人還沒有認識到什么？第2段前3句寫

道：“Otheraspectsofourcommitmenttotheautomobilealsobearmentioning

here.Ittakesagreatdealofenergytomanufactureoneautomobile-

about150millionBTU，sofenergy.Thisisequivalentto1200gallons

ofgasoline,enoughtorunacarforabout16000miles.作者認為制造

汽車需要大量能源，并認為此事應該在這里提出來?？梢姡谧髡呖磥?，很多人

還沒有認識到這一點。注：commitmentto意為“對……承擔義務”。D

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項中runout用完，耗盡。

第8題：

Theauthorimpliesthat.

A.smallcarsuseenergyefficiently

B.anti-pollutiondevicesonautomobilesarenoteffective

C.Americanshavetoimportagreatquantityofgaseachyear

D.Americanswasteenergy

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［答案］D.Americanswasteenergy［注釋］潛在觀點題。本題問：作者暗示了什

么？從全文內容來看，第1段指出，美國的大量汽車每年消耗巨額汽油。第2

段敘述了制造汽車、運輸汽車、修理汽車和生產汽油也需要巨大的能耗。最后一

段中作者提出，如果人人都有節(jié)能意識，境況將大為好轉。由此可見，作者暗示，

美國人浪費能源。

第9題：

Theauthorsuggeststhatenergysavingscouldberealized.

A.withmoreeffectivetransportationofconsumergoods

B.withbettereducationalprogramsandplanningtechniques

C.withanefficientsystemofinner-citytransportation

D.withforcefullimitationoftheuseoftheautomobile

參考答案：B

答案解析：

［答案］B.withbettereducationalprogramsandplanningtechniques［注

釋］竺在觀點題。本題問：作者暗示，可以通過什么來讓人意識到要節(jié)省能源？

最后一段第2句寫道：“Therearenumeroussituationswherebetterplanning

andawarenesscouldreallymakeadifferenceinenergysavingsand

dollars."由此推理，作者暗示，用更好的教育措施和規(guī)劃方法可以增強人們的

節(jié)能意識。

第10題:

Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.

A.America'sAnnualConsumptionofGas

B.ImportanceofEnergyConservation

C.EnergyProblems

D.Automobile一America，sThirstyMachine

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［答案］D.Automobile—AmericanThirstyMachine［注釋］全文主旨題。本題問：

本文的最好題目可以是什么？綜合全文內容來看，本文主要論述汽車是頭號能耗

6

者。故應選D.“汽車是美國的油老虎”。

Fundamentally,theglobalenvironmentisinadesperatestateof

decline.InitiallytheGreenMovementwasseentosolvetheeverpresent

problemofreducingrunningcosts.Thisinturnhasresultedinconcern

forthedepletionofnaturalresourcesandfinallyinconcernforthe

damagebeingdonetotheglobalenvironment.Unfortunatelythegrowing

numbersoforganizationsandcommitteesdedicatedtosavingthe

environmenthaveonlybeenabletooutlineappropriateproposalsand

initiatives.Becausethereisnotabodythathastheabilitytoenforce

globallegislationtherehavenotbeenanytreatiesorlegislationthat

aregloballybinding.

Citiesareabletoaddresssocial,economicandenvironmental

issuesthroughgrassrootsplanninginitiatives.Thepowerofcollective

willandcivicambitionremindsusthathumanbehaviorcanbeshapedas

muchbyourdesignedenvironmentasbysocialpolicy,suchasgovernmental

managementandlegislativecontrol.Whilesuchparticipationcanbea

powerfulcatalystforsocialchangeitisbynomeansaneasytask,it

canbeginwithasimpleawarenessofourphysicalenvironment:Whatdoes

itconsistofnow?Howdoesitaffectourbehavior?Whatneedstobe

changed?

Thegeneralpublicneedstobeaccountabletothemselvesfor

thechoicestheymake.Bywayoftheiraccountabilitytheywillbe

maintainingandrecyclingnotonlyphysicalresources,butalsocultural

resourcesforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.Culturalpractices

traditionallydictatethedesireofthesocietyforsurvival.Decayis

inevitable,asitisaLawofNatureandwecanonlyattempttoslowits

courseofdestruction.Preservationmustbegearedtopreservethe

messagesandvaluesofculturalpropertyandidentifyculturaltraditions,

thereforea(prioritization)ofvaluesmusttakeplace；emotionalvalues,

culturalvalues,andusevalues.Eachisdefinedbyitsowntermsandin

somecaseshasoverlappingidentities.Withthisinmind,whyismodern

manlivinginexcessofwhatisenvironmentallyfeasible,therefore

hamperingtheeffortstoperpetuatesociety?Itisvitaltoworkin

conjunctionwithnature.Humanshavethepowertochangethenatural

harmonyoftheearth,butwecontinuetoacceptsubnormalanddouble

standards.

Aswillbediscussed,therehasbeensomeheadwaymadeinthe

lastfewyearsregardingtheintegrationofthebuiltenvironmentwith

greenarchitecture.However,notmuchhasbeenrealizedintermsofthe

integrationofhistoric(preservation)andgreenarchitectureinhousing.

Presentlythereareexamplesofhistoricpreservationandgreen

architectureworkinginconjunctionincommercialbuildings.

Vocabulary

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entropy[n.]信息量，燧

civic[adj.]市民的

catalyst[n.]催化劑

prioritization[n.]優(yōu)先化，列為優(yōu)先

perpetuate[v.]使永恒，永久

conjunction[n.]聯(lián)合

overlap[v.]重疊，搭接

第11題：

Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemostseriousproblemintheGreen

Movement?

A.Theyprovideonlysuggestionsandidealsbutneverputtheminto

practice.

B.Peopleneedpaymoreattentiontotheknowledgeofenvironment

preservation.

C.Desperatepollutioninmanyareasistodeprivemankindofagood

future.

D.Survivalofmankindpivotsontheirabilitytofindnewresources.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

應選［A］,事實細節(jié)題。題目問的是綠色運動的主要問題是什么。文章第一段講

到盡管綠色運動組織越來越多，但是他們只能提出理想和建議,卻沒有辦法實施。

因此［A］是正確答案。［B］、［C］、［D］講的都是綠色運動組織關注的一些環(huán)境問題,

因此不正確。

第12題:

Theauthorwritesthesecondparagraphmainlyto.

A.callonthepeopletogoonstreetforabetterproposal

B.letthepubliccatchontomorenewideas

C.showthatwecandosomethingfortheenvironment

D.arouseourangerforthedestructionofnature

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應選［C］,推理判斷題。第二段的寫作意圖在于說明我們在日常生活中還是可以

為環(huán)境保護做點事情的。其它三項文章當中沒有提到。

第13題:

Theauthorusestheword“prioritization“inthethirdparagraphto

mean.

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A.deteriorating

B.emphasizing

C.regarding

D.consideration

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應選［B］,詞義句意題。prioritization是一個派生詞，其詞根是priority表

示“優(yōu)先，重點”，如:Developmentisthetoppriority.(發(fā)展要先行,或

發(fā)展是硬道理)。prioritize作動詞表示“使……成為重點或強調……”°前

面講到我們要辨別和保護文化遺產的信息和價值，因此要確定哪些遺產是需要優(yōu)

先保護的。所以［B］正確。

第14題：

Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytofollowthispassage?

A.Someinstancesofgreenconstructionprojects.

B.Somefamousgreenmovementleaders.

C.Someidealistsinthefieldofenvironmentpreservation.

D.Somespecificneedsofcustomersintheirprojects.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

應選［A］,推理判斷題。作者在文章結束語中說"Presentlythereareexamples

ofhistoricpreservationandgreenarchitectureworkinginconjunction

incommercialbuildings”，因此下面應具體介紹這些例子。

第15題：

Inwritingthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith.

A.theseriousnessofenvironmentdecay

B.GreenMovementanditsinfluence

C.greenarchitecture

D.people'sresponsibilitytoprotectenvironment

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應選［D］,篇章主旨題。作者的主要目的是闡述人類有責任保護環(huán)境。其他選項

都過于片面。

Itisclearthathumanhistorywillend；theonlymysteryiswhen.

Itisalsoclearthatifthetimingislefttonature(or,ifyouprefer,

toGod)andhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace'sfinalexit

willbeignoble.Iffuturegenerationsescapethesauriansufferingof

extinctionbyawanderingchunkofrockorice,thesun，sunavoidable

growthtogianthoodwillstillburntheirlastsuccessorsintoashes:

9

onlycindersandgasesanddustwillremain.

Farfuturegenerationsmightprolongtheprocessbyposting

coloniesbeyondtheearth，sorbit,butthesewouldbesadoutpostsatthe

endofthesolarsystem'slongday,clutchingmemoriesofalostplanet

andofbillionsofsacrificedsouls.Thedifficulties——fantastic

difficulties一ofinterstellartravelmightbeovercome,butthemightiest

ofstarshipscoulddonomorethansuspendtheendoftheworld.Anignoble

existencehoppingfromplanettoplanet一clingingtoeachcloduntilit,

initsturn,wasvaporizedorfrozen一mightstillbebearablewereitnot

fortheknowledgeofitsfinaluselessness.Intheend,thereisonlydeath

bygravity,thefieryquantumpitortheheatlessgreysoup.

ThegreatviolinistJaschaHeifetzwasgreatnotleastbecause

hequittheconcertstageatpeak,beforetheshowbecamestaleorthe

audiencedriftedaway.Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetz

understood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarly

gracefulexit；allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehuman

racebychoice,notnecessitywouldbethefinalvictoryofthehuman

spiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandof

DNA.Preciselybecausenootherknownlife一formcoulddoorevenconceive

suchathing,humanitymust.

Moresciencehasrevealedonlyoneplaceintheuniversethat

ishospitabletointelligentlife,andhumansaretheonlyintelligence

that,asfarasisknown,haseverenjoyedtheopportunitytooccupyit.

Ifpeopleleftthestageafterareasonablerun,inthefullnessoftime

intelligencecouldevolveagain(dolphin-people?Chimp-people?orchid

people?).Andthen,induecourse,whenthisnewspeciesdecipheredhuman

booksorreachedthemarkerthatmightbeleftforthemonthewindless

moon,theywouldknowthatmanendedhisdominionsothattheirsmight

begin.Imagine,then,howtheywillregardus.Itis,farandaway,the

greatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawhole

species；anact,almost,ofangels.

Vocabulary

ignoble[adj.]不光彩的

saurian[n.]晰蜴類

cinder[n.]煤渣,灰燼

outpost[n.]前哨,邊區(qū)村落

interstellartravel[航空]星際航行clod[n.]

土塊

sublime[adj.]莊嚴的，崇高的decipher

[v.]譯解(密碼等),解釋

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第16題：

Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybehumanbeing，sbestchoiceaboutits

future?

A.Leavingthetimingtonature.

B.Thesaurian-likeelimination.

C.Beingeliminatedbythesun，sunavoidablegrowthtogianthood.

D.Leavingthetimingtohumanbeingitself.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應選［D］,事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句所述“如果把選擇留給自然或上

帝，人類一直堅持到血腥的末日，那么人類的最終退場將是不光彩的”。由此可

知答案［D］“人類最好將選擇留給自己”正確。選項［A］是第一段第二句提到的一

種不光彩的選擇，［B］意為“像蜥蜴一樣滅絕"，［C］意為“由于太陽的膨脹而滅

絕”，都是作者不取的選擇。

第17題：

Accordingtothewriteruinterstellartravelnservesas.

A.apracticalwaytoescapetheendoftheworld

B.nothingmorethanpostponingtheendoftheworld

C.awayhoppingfromplanettoplanet

D.awaytoescapefromgravity

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應選［B］,事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話的后半句“星際飛船所能做的

莫過于推遲世界的末日而已”，句中的suspend與答案［B］中的postpone同義。

答案［A］意為“逃離世界末日的可行方法”，［C］意為“在星際間跳躍的方法”；

［D］意為"擺脫地球引力的方法”，三項都與文意不符。

第18題:

ThewritercitesJaschaHeifetz'sexamplebecause.

A.heisafamousviolinist

B.hequittheconcertstageathispeak

C.hisquittingthestagegivessomeinspirationtohumanbeings

D.heisadornedbyhisaudience

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應選［C］,推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“像Heifetz所理解的那樣光彩

地退出是一件莊嚴的事情”所以此處引用Heifetz的例子只是因為他的行為給人

類以啟示。答案［A］、［D］與文意不符，因為其他的小提琴家同樣也可以為觀眾

所喜歡；答案［B］為干擾項，其意包括在答案［C］中。

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第19題：

Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybethereasonforhumanbeing，sleaving

thestage?

A.Theforceofthenature.

B.TheforceofGod.

C.Humanbeing，srationality.

D.ThecommandofDNA.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應選［C］,事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段末句“沒有其他的生命體可以做到甚至

想到這樣的事情，但人類可以”。再結合前面的表述不難看出退出是人類的理性

使然。選項［A］、［B］、［D］都是作者否定了的選擇。

第20題：

Thewriterthinkshumanbeing，sleavingthestagecanbeanyofthe

followingBUT.

A.thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated

B.theennoblementofawholespecies

C.anact,almost,ofangels

D.humanbeing，shavingnoalternative

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應選［D］,推理判斷題。第四題提到人類的退出是一種理性的選擇，這就否定了

［D］,即人類別無選擇。選項［A］、［B］、［C］分別意為“最仁慈的行為”，“整個

物種的高貴”及“幾乎是天使的舉動”都是作者用以褒揚人類的舉措的。

Whentheyadviseyourkidsto“getaneducation“ifyouwanttoraise

yourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanis

togetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,but

nottoomuchthatprovesanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youare

occupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaw

orThomasAlvaEdisonandyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareon

thelaunchingpad（發(fā)射臺）.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.

Ifyougoforamaster'sdegree,makesureitisaM.B.A.,andonly

fromafirst-rateuniversity.Beyondthis,thefamouslawofdiminishing

returnsbeginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearn

moreayearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthose

truckerswas$24000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust

$23930.

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APh.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafew

specializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecan

quicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacing

adimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthis

countrythaninanyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryor

anthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguageor-worstofall-in

philosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournational

demands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcabs,waiting

ontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.And

thenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpays

muchlessthanthejanitor(看門人)earns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducation

onlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnational

product,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.(385

words)

［聽力原文］

如果你想增加收入，別人勸你的孩子“得到一種學歷”，那他們只說對了一半。

他們的真正意思是只要得到的教育能為社會提供勞動力就夠了，不要接受太多的

教育而讓社會感到左右為難，不好處理。

至少要得到一張中學文憑。沒有這張文憑你在求職上寸步難行，除非你的

名字碰巧是喬治伯納德蕭或托馬斯奧爾弗愛迪生，那你小學沒有畢業(yè)也行。

如有可能，得一個大學學位。有了文學士學位，你就有扶搖直上的本錢了。

但是得了學士學位以后你就得開始踩剎車了。如果你要讀碩士學位，那一定得讀

工商管理學碩士，而且必須是名牌大學的。再往上學，那著名的回報降低法則就

要開始起作用了。

例如，你是否知道長途卡車司機一年掙的錢比正教授還多呢？是的，1977

年長途卡車司機的平均年薪是$24000,而正教授的平均年薪只有$23930o

博士學位是你能得到的最高學位，除了在物理或化學這樣的幾個專業(yè)領域

里博士學位能很快用于工業(yè)或商業(yè)目的，否則你的前景十分渺茫。博士生的失業(yè)

或半就業(yè)狀況在美國比世界其他地區(qū)遠為普遍。

如果你得了英語博士或歷史學博士或人類學博士或政治學博士或語言學

博士，或最糟糕的一哲學博士，那就國家需求而言你是冒著接受過量教育的風險。

并不是就我們的需要而言，你要注意，而是就我們的需求而言。

成千上萬的博士生在賣鞋、開出租、當餐廳服務員并且月復一月地在填寫

毫無結果的求職表。然后或許在一個中學里或一座窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤的大學里找到一份工

作，其工資比門房還低。

你可以把收入水平和受教育水平等同起來，只有在這種程度上,也就是說,

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你所受的教育能使你增加國民生產總值的，而不是在那種程度上，即任何人也不

會把收益的一大部分分到你的頭上。

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