專題35 閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題三個類型滿分對策【 核心知識】 高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識清單（全國）教師版

專題35【口袋書】閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題三個類型滿分對策教師版閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題命題規(guī)律探究細節(jié)理解題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。細節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右，是最重要的得分點。考法一：直接信息題直接信息題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式多為以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。“帶著問題找答案”先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵性詞語(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語句，快速定位該題與哪一段哪一句有關(guān)，然后仔細推敲，仔細比較所給選項與文中細節(jié)的細微區(qū)別，在準確理解細節(jié)的前提下，最后確定答案。簡言之，可采用“一找二定三比對”的方法。高考閱讀理解真題調(diào)研調(diào)研調(diào)研01(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ·A片段)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.23.A。細節(jié)理解題。一、在題干中標注定位詞submitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate，二、在原文中找出信息句，即LateWork部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero”，三、比對選項與信息句，可知答案為A。調(diào)研調(diào)研02(2020年全國Ⅰ·A片段)TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty（失物招領(lǐng)）CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.Altandi. B.RomaStreet. C.VarsityLakes. D.FortitudeValley.點撥：第一步，讀題干，確定lostpropertyoffice為定位詞。第二步，用定位詞在文中找到Lostproperty部分，由該部分第二句“ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocatedatRomaStreetstation.”可知，失物招領(lǐng)處位于羅馬街車站。第三步，對比各選項只有B項正確。調(diào)研調(diào)研03(2020年全國ⅠI·A片段)TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensHistory,Culture&Landscape(景觀).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar—29Oct,SuntoThurs.Tearoom,Gardens&GiftShop:10.30—17.00(16.00inOct).House:11.15—16.00(15.00inOct).Town:PooleyBridge&Penrith21.WhenistheHouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?A.09.30—17.30. B.10.30—16.00.C.11.15—16.00.D.12.00—16.30.21.C。細節(jié)理解題。點撥：由題干中的DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens可定位到第一個景點。由Open部分中House的開放信息House:11.15—16.00(15.00inOct).可知，3月到9月期間，House在周日到周四的開放時間為11.15—16.00。7月在這個時間段內(nèi)，故選C?？挤ǘ褐苯有畔㈩}間接信息題常在記敘文、說明文或議論文中考查，會涉及“人與自我”“人與社會”和“人與自然”三大主題語境。解此類試題常用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”法。該類題的特點是試題題干或選項中的關(guān)鍵詞語通常使用同義詞或近義詞甚至反義詞來替換文中的相關(guān)細節(jié)信息,例如,使用book對文中的reserve進行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,用lessdifferent對文中的moreincommon進行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（動詞類）book=reserve=orderconduct=carryoutplease=amuse=entertainimprove=promoteguarantee=ensuredocument=recordpreserve=protectruin=destroy=damage=violatedeclare=announce=informdivide=separate=partwithcomplete=fulfill=accomplish=achievedelay=putoff=postponegive=supply=provide=offerignore=turnone’sbacktooveruse=abuseencourage=motivate=stimulate=spurreject=refuse=turndown=declinereceive=acceptsee=observe=notice=spotsearch=exploreconnect=link=relate=associateexplode=blowoutdiscourage=frustraterent=hireprove=turnoutremove=getridofadmire=appreciatepossess=owndecide=determine=resolvetodoget=obtain=acquire=gain=possess高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞類）data=statisticsnovel=fictionfeature=characteristicscareer=occupationmanners=etiquettegratitude=appreciationexperiment=trialpersonality=characterstress=pressureorigin=pioneercircumstance=environment=atmospherecreation=innovationcomment=remark=review(makeacommenton)achievement=recognitionoption=choice=selectionmaterial=resourceluggage=baggage=packagerule=regulation=principledirection=discipline=guidelinecolleague=coworkeressay=passage=article=textapproach=way=method=means高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（形容詞副詞類）delicious=tastyattentive=focusedoriginal=initialfinal=eventualobvious=evident=Strikingaccurate=exactoutstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctiveauthentic=true=genuinethrilling=frighteningthrilled=excitedaverage=ordinary=common=universaltime-honored=hasalonghistorydull=boringdaring=braveextra=additionalglad=pleased=delightedtouched=movedsignificant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementaryaccessible=available=athandappropriate=proper=suitableappealing=attractiveimmediately=quickly=atonce=inrarely=hardly=seldomapproximately=about=nearly=almost=practicallycomplex=complicatedsafe=secure高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（高頻短語類）aheadoftime=inadvance=previousplacesofinterest=touristattractionresultin=leadto=contributetobeaccustomedto=beusedtodoingmeet/satisfy/fulfillone’sdemand/requirement/needprevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromjoinin=takepartin=participatein=involvein=beengagedingetreadyfor=bepreparedforfocuson=concentrateontransformAintoB=turnAintoBinthelongterm=inthelongrunin...sense=inaway=tosomedegree=atsomepointholdonto=insisttakeaction=takemeasures=takestepstokeepintouchwith=contactinsomerespect=tosomedegree=atsomepointdealwith=copewith=handlewith=addressatthesametime=meanwhileonthespot=onthescenebeproudof=takeprideinasamatteroffact=infact=totellyouthetruthheadinto=leaveforarriveat=reach=getto=approachinspiteof=despitefromone’sperspective=fromone’spointofviewtrydoing=attempttobefilledwith=bechargedwith=befullofprefertodoAratherthandoBpreferAtoBpreferdoingAtodoingBruninto=comeacrosstaketheplaceof=replacecomeintoeffect=opractice/usefromtimetotime=onceinawhilebecaughtin=betrappedinconsistof=bemadeupofforamoment=forawhileacollectionof=aseriesoffigureout=findoutbrightup=lightuprollaround=turnupgive...alecture=deliveraspeechdrawone’sattention=attractone’sattentionbedesperatefor=desirefor=bethirstyforinfavorof=favorable調(diào)研調(diào)研04(2022·全國甲·B片段)Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia，havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment，cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape，andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.24.B。細節(jié)理解題。一讀題干，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，即How，getthenut；二掃原文，鎖定信息區(qū)間，即第一段中的“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.”和“...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped‘keys’tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect‘key’wouldletoutthenut.”，B項是對信息區(qū)間的同義描述，即在實驗中，鳳頭鸚鵡是通過使用工具從盒子里取出堅果的。故選B。調(diào)研調(diào)研05(2020年全國Ⅰ卷·D片段)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A.Todetectplants’lackofwater.B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.33.A。細節(jié)理解題。點撥：由第二句“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey‘reshortofwater”可知，這些傳感器是用來檢測植物是否缺水的。故選A項，lackofwater與beshortofwater同義。調(diào)研0調(diào)研06調(diào)研05(2018年全國Ⅲ卷·D片段)…ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtime…Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.34.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparent'slove.C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphimstartahobby.34.A。細節(jié)理解題。點撥：由題干中的Shepherd定位到第三段第四句“Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.”，后文描述了作者與其兒子玩球的過程。對比各選項，A項totryoutanidea與文中totestmyowntheory同義，故選A。選項B“表達父母的愛”、選項D“幫助他開始一個愛好”在文中無信息支持，是無中生有；選項C“訓(xùn)練他的注意力”是利用文中的只言片語attention編造的選項，張冠李戴?？挤ㄈ簲?shù)計算題題數(shù)字計算題一般會涉及時間、年齡、價錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計算。一般來說，計算量都比較小，容易計算。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計算必須要找出計算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會涉及對某個難句的理解，從這個角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。數(shù)字計算題的話題有：1.廣告類；2.故事類；3.科普知識類；4.史地自然類；5.文化教育類。設(shè)問方式以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑問詞(組)開頭引出問題。解此類試題常用“整合推算”法。此類題要求考生對具體細節(jié)信息,尤其是年齡、時間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字信息進行加工,但此類試題的重點不在于計算,而在于考查考生對具體信息的處理能力,故試題設(shè)置的計算一般比較簡單。調(diào)研調(diào)研07(2022·全國乙·A片段)Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4. B.￡8.C.￡12. D.￡16.22.B。數(shù)字計算題。一讀題干尋找關(guān)鍵詞acouplewithtwochildrenunder12，二在Admission部分中標記￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree，三用加法推算答案，即一對夫婦應(yīng)付4＋4＝8(英鎊)，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費，即入場費為8英鎊。故選B。調(diào)研調(diào)研08(2023新課標I卷A篇)WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.0022.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。名校真題模擬演練【演練01】（2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí)）SavannahFamilyVacationPackageBringyourwholefamilytoSavannahforavacationadventurethatcombinessightseeingwithashowatSavannah’smosthistorictheatreandthreenights’lodgingintheexcitingSavannahFamilyVacationPackage!PricesStartingat:Ages19andUp:$150.00Ages13—19:$50.00Ages4—12:$20.00Ages0—3:FreeHistoricalAttractionsinSavannahSavannahisabeautifulcity,aswellasoneofthemosthistoricintheUnitedStates,Here,visitorswillenjoySouthernhistoryandculture.Headoutonanyoneoftheremarkableactivitiesofferedtoexperiencesomefun.Plus,thecityisfullofhistoricsitestoexplore.AbouttheIncludedSavannahTheatreMusicalProductionSavannahTheatrehasbrilliantarchitectureandisknownforbeingatoptheaterwithastate-of-the-artsoundandlightsystemandtalentedperformers.Atthistheateryoucanexperienceahigh-energyandinterestingmusicaloratwo-hourvarietyshowinanunforgettableperformance!ThepossibilitiesareendlesswiththeHistoricSavannahTheatre,astheshowchangesthroughouttheyear.DuringNovemberandDecember,guestswillgettoexperiencetheChristmasproduction.AbouttheIncludedSavannahOldTownTrolleyTourGuestswillalsobeabletoboardupontheSavannahOldTownTrolleyTour.Thetrolleytourgivesguestsacomfortableandfunwaytoseethecityinstyle.Thoughtheguidedtourlastsapproximately90minutes,guestswillbeabletohoponorhopoffatamassoflocationsincludingtheCityMarket,Sorrel-WeedHouse,andMassieHeritageMuseum.Withtransportationtakencareof,guestscansimplyfocusonseeingthebestthatSavannahhastooffer.1.Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeirfive-year-oldtwinspayforthistour?A.$170.00. B.$190.00. C.$340.00. D.$400.00.2.WhatcontributesmosttothereputationofSavannahTheatreMusicalProduction?A.Itssoundandlightsystem. B.Itshigh-qualitymusical.C.Itschangeableshow. D.ItsChristmasproduction.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Ahistoricalbook. B.Atravelwebsite.C.AguidetoSavannah. D.Afashionmagazine.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國薩凡納的一個家庭度假套餐項目的相關(guān)信息。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PricesStartingat部分中“Ages19andUp:$150.00(19歲及以上：150美元)”和“Ages4—12:$20.00(4到12歲：20美元)”可知，一對夫妻和他們5歲的雙胞胎孩子來此旅游一共需要花費150×2+20×2=340美元。故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AbouttheIncludedSavannahTheatreMusicalProduction部分中“SavannahTheatrehasbrilliantarchitectureandisknownforbeingatoptheaterwithastate-of-the-artsoundandlightsystemandtalentedperformers.(薩凡納劇院有著輝煌的建筑，以擁有最先進的音響和燈光系統(tǒng)以及才華橫溢的演員而聞名于世)”可知，薩凡納劇院因其被配備了最先進的舞臺聲光系統(tǒng)而聞名。故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“BringyourwholefamilytoSavannahforavacationadventurethatcombinessightseeingwithashowatSavannah’smosthistorictheatreandthreenights’lodgingintheexcitingSavannahFamilyVacationPackage!(帶您全家到薩凡納度假冒險，在薩凡納最具歷史意義的劇院進行觀光表演，并在令人興奮的薩凡納家庭度假套餐中住宿三晚！)”結(jié)合本文主要介紹了薩凡納的一個家庭度假套餐項目。可推知，本文最有可能選自旅游網(wǎng)站。故選B。【演練02】（2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí)）I’mMay.highschoolseniorsallaroundtheU.S.scramble(爭搶)togetreadyforprom.Prom.shortforpromenade,isaformaldanceheldbyahighschoolbeforegraduation.It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.Severalreportsstatethatparentscanspendupwardof$2,000togivetheirkidstheperfectpromexperience.Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.Later,highschoolstookoverthepromtradition.Inthe1950s,highschoolsbeganmovingthedancefromtheirgymstobeautifulhotelsorcountryclubstomaketheeventevenmorespecial.Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.4.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplainaboutprom?A.Itsunusualatmosphere.B.Itspresentandfuture.C.Itseducationalbenefits.D.Itscustomsandroots.5.Accordingtothisarticle,whatdotheparticipantsinprommainlypayattentionto?A.Theirappearance.B.Theirpossessions.C.Theirtransportation.D.Theirsupervisors.6.Whatwerepeoplesupposedtolearnfrompromatonetime?A.Whatmarketingplantouse.B.Howtobehavearoundothers.C.Whichfoodwasbesttoeat.D.Whentoearnagreatdegree.7.Accordingtothisarticle,wherewasaspecialeventheldmorethanfourdecadesago?A.Inanofficialresidence.B.Inaninternationalcourt.C.Inamotionpicturestudio.D.Inamoderngallery.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.A【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述畢業(yè)舞會的文化和起源。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.”（這是美國學(xué)校文化的一個重要方面，因為這是高年級學(xué)生最后一次參加高中舞會。）第二段“Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.”（舞會需要無數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)。）和第三段“Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.”（畢業(yè)舞會的歷史可以追溯到19世紀后半葉。）可知這篇文章主要講述了舞會的文化和起源，故選D。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.”（首先，男生必須邀請女生和他一起去畢業(yè)舞會。大多數(shù)男生會選擇做一些特別的舞會求婚，希望用他們的創(chuàng)造力贏得女孩的心。然后他會租一件燕尾服，女孩會經(jīng)常讓專業(yè)人員做頭發(fā)、指甲和化妝。那天晚上，情侶們會拍照，然后他們通常會乘坐豪華轎車去吃飯和參加舞會。）可知，參加舞會的人員都很注重外表，故選A。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.”（當時，美國的大學(xué)和學(xué)院每年都為他們的畢業(yè)生組織舞會。其目的不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，而且通過教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，使他們?yōu)楦鼜V闊的世界做準備。）可知當時的畢業(yè)生舞會為不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，還要教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，也就是如何在他人面前表現(xiàn)，故選B。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.”（最令人驚嘆的畢業(yè)舞會可能發(fā)生在1975年，當時美國總統(tǒng)的女兒蘇珊·福特(SusanFord)獲準在白宮舉辦她的高中畢業(yè)舞會。到目前為止，還沒有其他畢業(yè)舞會能超越這一水平。）根據(jù)常識可知白宮是美國政府所在地，所以40多年前曾在官方府邸舉行了一場特別的舞會，故選A?！狙菥?3】（2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí)）Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafallorotherhealth-threateningincidentscanchangeeverythingrapidly.Thewearable“panicbuttons”introducedinthelate1980swereagreatadvance.Buttheyonlyworkifpeopleactuallywearthemandcanreachthebuttoninanemergency.Todaytherearepassivewearablesthatautomaticallydetectfalls,andcamera-basedsystemstomonitoreldersafety.Comingfroma40-yearcareerinthesemiconductorandwirelesscommunicationfield,RafiZackdecidedtofindabetteralternative.“Peoplearen’tdevotedtowearingsmalldevices24/7,andcamera-basedsystemsareaninvasion（侵犯）ofprivacy,”hepointsout,“Themostchallengingaspectisafall.Howfastwecandetectafallmattersbecausethemedicalsituationworsensquickly.Sometimespeoplestayonthefloorforalongtime.Wehavetofindouthowtosolvethatproblem.”Zackisaco-founder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO(ElderlyCareHomeObserver),acloud-connectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.Becauseradarseesthroughwalls,oneECHOunitfixedontheceilingorwallcanmonitoroneperson(ortwopersons,inafutureversion)inastandard-sizedapartmentinaseniorlivingfacility.Thedevicedetectsfalls,breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtubandotherdangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealthworseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoringandanalyzingtheperson’slocation,posture（姿勢）,motionandbreath.EchoCaretestedthedeviceintheUnitedStates,Japan,AustraliaandIsrael.ECHOwascertified（認證）in2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationintheworld.“Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadlyaccidentshappenannually.”saidSMKDirectorandExecutiveVicePresidentTetsuoHara.“Bathroommakers,homesecurityserviceprovidersandnursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare’ssolution.”Zacknoted,“Asmoreandmoreelderpeoplelivealoneasaresultofsocialdistancing,thereisanincreasedneedtomonitorthemwithouttheburdenofwearablesorprivacy-invadingcameras.”8.What’stheadvantageofECHOover“panicbuttons”?A.Ithascamera-basedsystems. B.Ithasbeenwidelyaccepted.C.Itcanfunctionwithoutcameras. D.Itsbuttonscanbeeasilyreached.9.WhatcanweknowaboutECHOfromparagraph5?A.Itisdesignedtosendoutwarningsregularly.B.Itmonitorsdangeroushealth-relatedevents.C.Itwascertifiedinmanydevelopedcountries.D.Itdetectsmorethanonepersonatthesametime.10.WhatcanweinferaboutthefutureofECHO?A.It’llbecomemorepopularwiththeelderly.B.It’llstop17,000deathshappeningannually.C.It’llbeusedinnursinghomesandhospitals.D.It’llhelpelderlypeopletoliveanactivelife.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnAdvancedMedicalInstrumentB.AHigh-techMonitorfortheElderlyC.TheInventionofaHealthcareDeviceD.TheImprovementofaMedicalFacility【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了在家獨立生活是每個老年人的理想選擇。但是，跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能會迅速改變一切。EchoCareTechnologies該公司開發(fā)了ECHO（老人護理家庭觀察者），這是一種基于雷達技術(shù)和機器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器。該設(shè)備可以檢測到跌倒，呼吸困難，溺水淹沒浴缸和其他危險事件。8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Buttheyonlyworkifpeopleactuallywearthemandcanreachthebuttoninanemergency.”(但是，只有在人們實際佩戴它們并且在緊急情況下可以到達按鈕時，它們才起作用。)以及第四段“Zackisaco-founder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO(ElderlyCareHomeObserver),acloud-connectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.(Zack是EchoCareTechnologies的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，首席執(zhí)行官兼研發(fā)副總裁，該公司開發(fā)了ECHO（老人護理家庭觀察者），這是一種基于雷達技術(shù)和機器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器。)可知，ECH是機遇雷達技術(shù)和機器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器。以及最后一段最后一句話“withouttheburdenofwearablesorprivacy-invadingcameras”可知，ECHO讓老人不承受可穿戴設(shè)備或侵犯隱私的相機的負擔(dān)。所以C項說法正確。故選C項。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thedevicedetectsfalls,breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtubandotherdangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealthworseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoringandanalyzingtheperson’slocation,posture（姿勢）,motionandbreath.”(該設(shè)備可以檢測到跌倒，呼吸困難，溺水淹沒浴缸和其他危險事件。通過持續(xù)監(jiān)視和分析人員的位置，姿勢（姿勢），運動和呼吸，它可以警告潛在的健康狀況惡化狀況。)可知，該設(shè)備不僅僅發(fā)送警告信號，同時可以檢測和分析一系列危險事件。A項說法錯誤。以及“ECHOwascertified（認證）in2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationintheworld.”(ECHO于2019年在日本獲得了世界上人口老齡化最多的認證（認證）。)可知，只在日本獲得了認證。C項說法錯誤。D項文中未提及。故選B項。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadlyaccidentshappenannually.(浴室是主要的測試區(qū)域，每年約發(fā)生17,000起致命事故。)以及“Bathroommakers,homesecurityserviceprovidersandnursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare’ssolution.”(浴室制造商，家庭安全服務(wù)提供商和療養(yǎng)院對EchoCare的解決方案非常感興趣。)可知，每年在浴室會發(fā)生17000起致命的事故是，不是死亡。B項說法錯誤。文中提到浴室制造商，家庭安全服務(wù)商以及療養(yǎng)院會感興趣。所以C項說法錯誤。D項文中未提及。故選A項。11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafallorotherhealth-threateningincidentscanchangeeverythingrapidly.”(在家獨立生活是每個老年人的理想選擇。但是，跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能會迅速改變一切。)以及第四段“Zackisaco-founder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO(ElderlyCareHomeObserver),acloud-connectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.(Zack是EchoCareTechnologies的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，首席執(zhí)行官兼研發(fā)副總裁，該公司開發(fā)了ECHO（老人護理家庭觀察者），這是一種基于雷達技術(shù)和機器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器。)可知，本文主要介紹了ECHO，這是一種基于雷達技術(shù)和機器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器，旨在監(jiān)測老人的安全。故選B項?！狙菥?4】（2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí)）AyoungwomanwaswalkinginSantaAna,California,whenshecameuponanelderlystreetvendor(小販)sellingtamales(玉米粉蒸肉).Seeinghowtiredhelookedinhiswheelchair,shedecidedtogivehimafewbucksandasandwich—andshealsogavehimasympatheticeartolistentohisstory.WhenKeniaBarraganfirstsawJoseVillaOchoa,shethoughtofherownparents.“Ifeltforhim,”shetoldKTTVNews,“Myparentsarebotholder,andIwouldhatetoseemydadoutsellingtamalesforsomebodyandbarelymakingendsmeet.”Knownas“DonJoel”,heexplainedthatalthoughhewantedajob,nocompanywouldhirehimbecauseofhisage.Inordertokeephimselfoutofdebt,hestartedtoselltamalescookedbyalocalwoman.Attheendofeachhardday,shewouldgivehimacutoftheearnings.Thisallowedhimtobuyfood,butwasnotenoughforhimtoaffordhismedicaltreatmentoraphone.The28-year-oldwomanwashappytolistentoDonJoel’sstory,butshewantedtodomore.ShemadeanappealtoherfollowersonInstagramforsomeassistance.Withinaweek,friendsandstrangersfloodedherwithmorethan$84000indonations.InadditiontothemoneyraisedforDonJoel’sretirement,Keniapurchasedhimanewwheelchairandashinynewpairofshoes.Eventhoughhe’s94,hesayshefeelslikehe’s40now,becausethekindnesshasmadehimfeelsoalive.Hedescribesthegenerosityas“l(fā)ife-changing”.Keniafeelsexactlythesameway.Shesaysshe’salwayslookingforapurposethathelpspeopleandthatshe’sbeenlivinginlinewiththosevaluesinhercurrentjob,workingwithpeoplewhohavedisabilitiestogetthemtransportation.Hergoalinlifeistoestablishahomelessshelter.12.WhydidDonJoelselltamales?A.Tobuyanewwheelchair. B.Tostruggleforaliving.C.Topayoffhismedicaldebt. D.Tohelpalocalwoman.13.HowdidKeniachangeDonJoel’slife?A.Byestablishingahomelessshelter. B.Bygivinghimmoneyandsandwiches.C.BycollectingdonationsonInstagram. D.Bylisteningtohisstoryattentively.14.WhatcanweinferaboutKeniainthetext?A.Shedislikedherfatherbecauseofhisjob.B.Sheisawealthywomanreadytohelpothers.C.ShehelpedDonJoelwhenshewas40yearsold.D.Sheisakindwomanaimingtodomorecharity.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Rosegiven,fragrantinhand. B.Thebestheartsarealwaysthebravest.C.Nopain,nogain. D.Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位熱心的年輕女士在遇到一位年邁的靠賣玉米粉蒸肉維持生計的老人后，決定通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐來幫助這位老人的故事。12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Inordertokeephimselfoutofdebt,hestartedtoselltamalescookedbyalocalwoman.(為了不欠債，他開始售賣由一位當?shù)氐呐酥谱鞯挠衩追壅羧?”可知，DonJoel是為了維持生計才去賣玉米粉蒸肉的。故選B。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“ShemadeanappealtoherfollowersonInstagramforsomeassistance.Withinaweek,friendsandstrangersfloodedherwithmorethan$84000indonations.(她在Instagram上向她的粉絲請求幫助。不到一周，朋友和陌生人就向她捐贈了超過84000美元)”及倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，Kenia通過在Instagram上為DonJoel籌集捐款進而改善了DonJoel艱苦的生活。故選C。14.推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段最后一句“Hergoalinlifeistoestablishahomelessshelter.(她的人生目標是建立一個無家可歸者收容所)”可知，Kenia不僅幫助DonJoel提升了生活質(zhì)量，她還想專門為無家可歸的人們建立一個收容所。由此可推知，她是一個想要做更多慈善（工作）的善良女性。故選D。15.推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Hedescribesthegenerosityas‘life-changing’.(他將這種慷慨描述為“改變生活的”)”及最后一段第一句“Keniafeelsexactlythesameway.(Kenia也有同樣的感覺)”可知，KeniaBarragan在幫助他人的同時感覺自己的生活也發(fā)生了改變。由此可推知，文章旨在告訴我們，贈人玫瑰，手有余香。故選A?！狙菥?5】（2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí)）NearlyeveryoneknowseBayisawebsitewhereyoucanbuyandsellprettymuchanything.ThereareotherInternetauction(拍賣)sites,butnonecomeclosetoeBayforbrand-namerecognition.Andforgoodreason:eBayi