專題12 七選五之依據(jù)行文手法（線索詞匯+邏輯關(guān)系）解題（分層練）解析版

專題驗收評價專題12七選五之依據(jù)行文手法（線索詞匯+邏輯關(guān)系）解題內(nèi)容概覽A·常考題不丟分【命題點01線索詞匯題】【命題點02邏輯關(guān)系題】【微專題解釋說明句易錯陷阱】B·拓展培優(yōu)拿高分C·挑戰(zhàn)真題爭滿分命題點01線索詞匯題1.【2023屆山西省大同市三?！縁indingtheEnergytoTakeActionWhatyou’renowexperiencingisalackofenergy.Onceyou’vehaddinner,youmaywellfindthatyounolongerhavetheenthusiasmforthosebillsorthatworkout.____4___Sohowdoyougetthatenergyback?Onesimpleansweristogotobedearlierandtowakeuplater.Tostartputtingsleepattheforefrontofyourprioritiesinsteadofatthebackofthem.____5____Insteadofexpendingenergydoingthingsthatdon’treallymatter—evenstressingoverwhattowear—understandthatyourmentalenergyisonastrictbudgetandthatyouneedtoconserveittodothethingsyoureallywanttodo!A．Losingextraweightcanprovideapowerfulenergyuplift.B．Butthepointisthatthisisonlyonepieceofthepuzzle.C．Mostofushavebigplansforwhatwewanttodoonanygivenday.D．Similarlyyoushouldalsochangesomeofyourpriorities.E．Youhavethewilltobeproductivebutalackofenergyisholdingyouback.F．Youshouldlookintochoosingadietthatwillhelptogiveyouenergy.G．Thenyou’llcrashtothepointwhereyoucan’tgetupanddoanythingconstructiveatall.【答案】4.E5.D【解析】4.根據(jù)本段的主題句可知，你所經(jīng)歷的事缺乏精力，根據(jù)空后可知，此處提出要找回這些精力，由此可知，此空處應(yīng)涉及到要找回的精力，且句中的thatenergy為關(guān)鍵信息，E項“Youhavethewilltobeproductivebutalackofenergyisholdingyouback.”講述的內(nèi)容中的“缺乏精力”為空后的“thatenergy”指代的內(nèi)容，且與本段的主題句吻合。故選E項。5．解析：根據(jù)空前的一句可知，應(yīng)該學(xué)會把重要的事情放到前面，結(jié)合空后可知，人的精力是有嚴(yán)格預(yù)算的，所以要將真正想做的事情放在前面，由此可推斷，此空處講述的內(nèi)容與優(yōu)先安排重要的事情相關(guān)，故選D項。2.【2023·湖南郴州·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測】FourReasonsWhyQuietPeopleAreSuccessfulTheylistenmorethantheytalk,sotheylearnalotQuietpeopledon’tfilleveryconversationwiththeirownthoughtsandopinions,andtheycertainlydon’tfeeltheneedtopretendthattheyknoweverything.11.Theythenusethatinformationtoformanopinionatalatertime.TheycangaintrusteasilyQuietpeoplehaveanadvantagewhenitcomestogainingtrustbecausetheydon’toverreacttothingsorweartheirfeelingsontheirsleeves.12.Theydon’tcomeacrossasbeingpushyoraggressivelikesomeotherpeoplewhoarealwaystryingtogettheirway.Andsincequietpeopledon’tfeelpressuredtofilleverygapinaconversationwithwords,they’relesslikelytomakemistakesduringpresentationsormeetings.TheyaregreatplannersQuietpeopleareoftensuccessfulbecausetheyhavegreatplanningskills.13.Theythinkaboutwhatneedstobedoneandhowtogoaboutitinordertoachievetheirgoals.Theyensureeverythingisdoneaccordingtoplan,sothereislittleroomfordoubtormistakes.A．TheyseldomshowoffB．TheyaremoreconcentratedC．TheyoftenhavealotoffreshideasD．Instead,theyaremorelikelytotakeinwhatotherssayE．Forthisreason,peoplewhotalklessareoftenseenasmorehonestF．TheyknowhowtomapouttheirgoalsandaccomplishthemefficientlyG．Additionally,quietindividualsalsohavetheabilitytoconcentrateforalongtime【答案】11．D12．E13．F11．根據(jù)空前“Quietpeopledon’tfilleveryconversationwiththeirownthoughtsandopinions,andtheycertainlydon’tfeeltheneedtopretendthattheyknoweverything.(安靜的人不會在對話中強(qiáng)行加入自己的想法和觀點，他們也不會想要假裝自己知道一切。)”可知，D項“相反，他們更可能會接納其他人所說的話”是前文的順義承接，安靜的人不會在對話中強(qiáng)行加入自己的觀點和想法，相反，他們會接納其他人的觀點，故選D項。12．根據(jù)空前“Quietpeoplehaveanadvantagewhenitcomestogainingtrustbecausetheydon’toverreacttothingsorweartheirfeelingsontheirsleeves.(當(dāng)談到獲取信任時，安靜的人就占優(yōu)勢了。因為他們不會過激反應(yīng)，也不會把自己的情感表露出來。)”可知，空前提到安靜的人不會過激反應(yīng)，也不會把自己的感情表露出來，因此會更占優(yōu)勢，故E項“因為這個原因，安靜的人通常被認(rèn)為是更加誠實的”符合，安靜的人不會過激反應(yīng)，也會不容易表露自己的情感，因此，更能獲得信任，且E項中的“thisreason”指代空前的“becausetheydon’toverreacttothingsorweartheirfeelingsontheirsleeves.”，故選E項。13．根據(jù)空前“Quietpeopleareoftensuccessfulbecausetheyhavegreatplanningskills.(安靜的人成功的原因是因為他們有著很強(qiáng)的計劃能力。)”可知，空前提出安靜的人有著更強(qiáng)的計劃能力，故F項“他們知道怎樣規(guī)劃自己的目標(biāo)，并如何有效率地完成這些目標(biāo)?！狈?，本空具體說明規(guī)劃目標(biāo)，有效率地完成這些目標(biāo)的計劃能力，故選F項。3.【2023·重慶·重慶南開中學(xué)?？既！縎howingupunannouncedThisreallyshouldgowithoutsaying—andappliestoanytypeofvisittosomeone’shome,anymeoftheyear-butdon’tshowupatsomeone’sdoorunannounced,orassumeyoucanstaywiththemwithoutaskingfirst.18Butifthat’snotmotivationenough,considerthepossibilitythattheymaynotbehome,orhavemadeotherpans,andmaynotbeabletoputyouup.Ignoringhouserules19Orperhapstheyrequestedthatyousaysomethinginalowvoiceafter9p.m.?Unlessyouhaveanexcuse—whichyoushoulddiscusswithyourhost—youneedtofollowtheirhouserules.Iftheydidn’tmentionanywhenyoufirstarrived,startthatconversationyourself.Actinglikeyou’restayinginahotelWhenyou’reanovernightguestinafriendorrelative’shome,youcannotexpecttheserviceofahotel.20Sodon’texpectsomeonetomakeyourbedorcleanupafteryou,mealspreparedforyou,ortohavetherunoftheplace.Ifyoucanfollowsomeguestrules,youwillbemorepopularwhenvisitingandstayingatthehomesofrelativesandfriends.A．Herearesomethingsyoucandoforthem.B．Haveyoueverbeenaskedtofollowsomerules?C．Italsomeansovernightstayswithfamilyorfriends.D．Didyourhostaskyoutoleaveyouroutsideshoesatthedoor?E．Yourhostisdoingyouafavorbylettingyoustayintheirhomeforfree.F．Hereareafewmistakestoavoidwhenyou’restayinginsomeone’shome.G．Therearemanyreasonsnottodothisoutofrespectforyourpotentlhost.【答案】18．G19．D18．根據(jù)上文“Thisreallyshouldgowithoutsaying—andappliestoanytypeofvisittosomeone’shome,anymeoftheyear-butdon’tshowupatsomeone’sdoorunannounced,orassumeyoucanstaywiththemwithoutaskingfirst.(這是毋庸置疑的——也適用于任何拜訪別人的方式，一年中的任何時候——但不要不經(jīng)通知就出現(xiàn)在別人家門口，或者認(rèn)為你可以在沒有事先請求的情況下和他們呆在一起)”可知，上文提到“不要不經(jīng)通知就出現(xiàn)在別人家門口，或者認(rèn)為你可以在沒有事先請求的情況下和他們呆在一起”，本句對上文進(jìn)行說明，這些要求是出于對主人的尊重。故G選項“出于對主人的尊重，不要這樣做有很多理由”符合語境，故選G。19．根據(jù)后文“Orperhapstheyrequestedthatyousaysomethinginalowvoiceafter9p.m.?(或者他們要求你在晚上9點以后小聲說點什么？)”可知，本句與后文都是針對尊重主人家的設(shè)問句，故D選項“你的主人讓你把在外穿的鞋子放在門口了嗎？”符合語境，故選D。4.【2023·湖南常德·常德市一中校考模擬預(yù)測】HowLaughingatYourselfMakesYouAttractiveHaveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit?26Andit’sokay—weshouldevenhavealaughaboutthem.●Laughingatyourselfmeansacceptingwhoyoureallyare.Youmayfeelbadaboutyourselfbecauseofpastmisfortune.However,it’snormaltobeimperfect.What’simportantisthatyoushouldbehonestwithyourselfaboutwhoyouare.27Youwon’tbeabletolaughatyourselfwithoutself-acceptance.●Laughingatyourselfhelpsincreaseyourconfidence.Whenyouareabletostayoptimisticandlaughatyourself,youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulinlife.28Moreimportantly,ithelpsyourealizeyourownweaknessessoyouknowwhichareastodobetterin.A．Laughingatyourselfmakesyoupopular.B．Acceptyourselfdespiteyourimperfections.C．Youdon’tneedtotakeyourselfseriouslyallthetime.D．Chancesarethatweallhavethesekindsofexperiences.E．Learntolaughatyourselfandyouwillbemoreattractive.F．Laughingatyourselfchangesanidealimageofyourself.G．Thisisbecauselaughingatyourselfcontributestoyourmentalhealth.【答案】26．D27．B28．G26．前文“Haveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit?(你是否曾在公共場合出丑，并因此被嘲笑過？)”提出是否有被嘲笑經(jīng)歷的問題，后文“Andit’sokay—weshouldevenhavealaughaboutthem.(沒關(guān)系，我們甚至應(yīng)該對此一笑置之。)”表示安慰，建議對此一笑了之，D項“Chancesarethatweallhavethesekindsofexperiences.(很可能我們都有這樣的經(jīng)歷。)”符合語境，說明大家可能都有被嘲笑的經(jīng)歷，回答前文的問題，引出后文的建議。故選D。27．前文“However,it’snormaltobeimperfect.What’simportantisthatyoushouldbehonestwithyourselfaboutwhoyouare.(然而，不完美是正常的。重要的是，你應(yīng)該誠實地面對自己。)”建議接受不完美常態(tài)，誠實面對自己，后文“Youwon’tbeabletolaughatyourselfwithoutself-acceptance.(如果不接受自己，你就無法自嘲。)”說明不接受自己的后果，B項“Acceptyourselfdespiteyourimperfections.(接受你自己，盡管你不完美。)”符合語境，建議要接受自己，延伸前文的誠實面對自己，引出后文的后果，其中的imperfections與前文的imperfect呼應(yīng)，Acceptyourself與后文的self-acceptance呼應(yīng)。故選B。28．前文“Whenyouareabletostayoptimisticandlaughatyourself,youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulinlife.(當(dāng)你能夠保持樂觀和自嘲時，你可能會在生活中更成功。)”說明自嘲有助于成功，后文“Moreimportantly,ithelpsyourealizeyourownweaknessessoyouknowwhichareastodobetterin.(更重要的是，它可以幫助你認(rèn)識到自己的弱點，這樣你就知道在哪些方面可以做得更好。)”介紹“它”帶來的好處，G項“Thisisbecauselaughingatyourselfcontributestoyourmentalhealth.(這是因為自嘲有助于心理健康。)”符合語境，介紹自嘲有助于心理健康，解釋前文自嘲和成功之間的關(guān)系，引出后文進(jìn)一步的好處，其中的laughingatyourself是后文的it指代的對象。故選G。命題點02邏輯關(guān)系題1.【2023屆黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市高三下學(xué)期三?！縇ivinginthemomentisnotalwayseasy.Sometimesourthoughtsareoverwhelmedbyregretsaboutpasteventsoranxietyaboutthefuture,whichcanmakeithardtoenjoythepresent.Ifyouarehavingahardtimelivinginthemoment,therearesomesimplestrategiesthatmayhelp.●Changearoutine.___16___Onewaythatyoucanbecomemoreawareistochangeupyourroutine.Youcandosomethingassimpleaschangingthewaythatyoudrivetoworkorchangingthewayyouintroduceyourself.●Learnhowtomeditate(冥想).Meditationisagreatwaytotrainyourbraintoliveinthemoment.Learningtomeditatetakestime,practice,andguidance.___17___.Ifnoclassesareavailable,youcanalsobuyCDsthatwillhelpyoulearnhowtomeditate.●Begratefulforbreaks.Insteadofbecomingimpatientwhenyouhavetowaitforsomething,practisebeinggratefulfortheextratimetonoticeyoursurroundings.___18___Forexample,ifyouhavetowaitinalonglinetopurchaseyourmorningcoffee,takethattimetoobserveyoursurroundings.Asyoudoso,thinkaboutwhatyouaregratefulforinthatmoment.A．Dokindthingsforothers.B．You’dbetterfindameditationclassinyourarea.C．Treattheextratimeasabreakandappreciatethetime.D．Togetstartedwithmeditation,findaquietspotandgetcomfortable.E．Beinggratefulisanimportantprincipleoflifeandagreatwisdom.F．Youmaynotbelivinginthemomentbecauseyouaretoosetinyourlife.G．Evenifyouputonanaffectedsmile,youshouldstarttofeelbetterrightaway.【答案】16．F17．B18．C16．根據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題“Changearoutine.(改變常規(guī)。)”可知，本段的建議是要打破常規(guī)，F(xiàn)項中的“youaretoosetinyourlife”和標(biāo)題中的“routine”F項：Youmaynotbelivinginthemomentbecauseyouaretoosetinyourlife.(你可能無法活在當(dāng)下，因為你的生活太一成不變了。)是對小標(biāo)題的進(jìn)一步解釋說明，符合語境。故選F。17．根據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題“Learnhowtomeditate(冥想).(學(xué)會如何冥想。)”可知，本段的建議是學(xué)會冥想，B項中的“ameditationclass”與標(biāo)題中的“meditate”對應(yīng)，與下文的“Ifnoclassesareavailable”也是呼應(yīng)的。B項：You’dbetterfindameditationclassinyourarea.(你最好在你所在的地區(qū)找一個冥想班。)符合語境。故選B。18．根據(jù)此空前一句“theextratime(額外的時間)”的提示以及本段首句“Begratefulforbreaks.(對休息心存感激。)”可知，本段建議要享受額外的休息時間。C項：Treattheextratimeasabreakandappreciatethetime.(把額外的時間當(dāng)作休息，珍惜這段時間。)符合語境。故選C。2.【2023·貴州遵義·統(tǒng)考三?！俊馮urntosocialsupportYourmistakemightfeellikeahugeeventinyourlife,butchancesareotherswon’tseeitassuchabigdeal.Reachingouttofriendsorfamilycanhelpyouseethebiggerpictureandfeelmoreconfident.8.Whenyouhavethatsoftness,andyouhaverelationshipsthatgiveyouconfidence,youmightbeabletotakesomeoflife’schallengeswithalightereye.A．Promisetodobetter.B．Forgiveothers’mistakes.C．Somepeopleareperfectionists.D．That’sthewaytoforgiveyourself.E．Don’texpectperfectionineverythingyoudo.F．However,thevalueofsocialsupportisoftenoverlooked.G．Here’showwecanforgiveourselveswhenfacingourmistakes.【答案】8．F根據(jù)上文“Reachingouttofriendsorfamilycanhelpyouseethebiggerpictureandfeelmoreconfident.(與朋友或家人聯(lián)系可以幫助你看到更大的圖景，并感到更加自信。)”可知，上文告訴我們，當(dāng)我們因犯錯而內(nèi)疚時，可以向家人和朋友求助，F(xiàn)項意為“然而，社會支持的價值往往被忽視?！边x項與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，當(dāng)我們因犯錯而內(nèi)疚時，可以向家人和朋友求助，但這種方法往往被忽視。故選F。3.【2023·重慶·重慶八中?？既！縍evengebedtimeprocrastination(報復(fù)性睡眠拖延癥)referstothedecisiontodelaysleepinresponsetostressoralackoffreetimeearlierintheday.Theadditionoftheword“revenge”,bytheChinese,totheconceptofbedtimeprocrastinationbecamepopularonsocialmedia.21Bothlanguageversionsreflectfrustrationtiedtolong,stressfulworkhoursthatleftlittletimeforpersonalenjoyment.Peoplewhoengageinbedtimeprocrastinationknowandgenerallywanttoreceiveenoughsleep.22Thisisknownasanintention-behaviorgap.Bedtimeprocrastinationcancausesleepdeprivation(缺乏).23Notgettingenoughsleepaffectsthinking,memory,anddecision-making.Sleepdeprivationalsoraisestheriskofdaytimesleepiness,whichcanharmproductivityandacademicachievementwhileincreasingtherisksofsleepingdriving.A．Buttheyfailtoactuallydoso.B．TheChinesearenotedforworkinglonghours.C．Alackofsleepistiedtomentalandphysicalhealth.D．Therefore,itcontributestosignificantlong-termhealthproblems.E．Westruggletostayproductiveduringthedaytomakeupfortheloss.F．Withoutenoughhoursofsleep,themindandbodycan’tproperlyrecharge.G．TheEnglishterm“revengebedtimeprocrastination”appearedfromatranslationofthisexpression.【答案】21．G22．A23．F21．下文“Bothlanguageversionsreflectfrustrationtiedtolong,stressfulworkhoursthatleftlittletimeforpersonalenjoyment.(兩種語言版本都反映了與長時間、壓力大的工作時間有關(guān)的挫折感，這些工作時間幾乎沒有留給個人享受的時間)”說明前文用兩種解釋說明報復(fù)性睡眠拖延癥的定義。空處用另一種語言版本說明報復(fù)性睡眠拖延癥。G項中的“TheEnglishterm”和下文的“Bothlanguageversions”相呼應(yīng)，表示“英語術(shù)語“報復(fù)性睡前拖延癥”是從前面表達(dá)的翻譯中出現(xiàn)的”。故選G。22．上文“Peoplewhoengageinbedtimeprocrastinationknowandgenerallywanttoreceiveenoughsleep.(睡前拖延癥患者知道并普遍希望獲得足夠的睡眠)”說明睡前拖延癥患者希望自己獲得足夠的睡眠。空處和前文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項中的But和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，so指代前文中“wanttoreceiveenoughsleep”，表明他們雖然希望自己獲得足夠的睡眠，但是卻做不到。故選A。23．上文“Bedtimeprocrastinationcancausesleepdeprivation(缺乏).(睡前拖延會導(dǎo)致睡眠不足)”說明睡眠拖延會導(dǎo)致睡眠不足?？仗幊猩蠁⑾?，說明睡眠不足的害處，F(xiàn)項中的“Withoutenoughhoursofsleep”和上文相呼應(yīng)，“themindandbodycan’tproperlyrecharge”和下文“Notgettingenoughsleepaffectsthinking,memory,anddecision-making.”相呼應(yīng)，說明睡眠不足，大腦和身體就無法正常充電。故選F。微專題解釋說明句易錯陷阱1.【2023上·江蘇南京·高一南京市秦淮中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中】Whenwewalkthe“pathoflife”,sociallifeisveryimportant.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipscanhelpussmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatwearemeanttotravel.11:theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.Throughfriendship,wecanbecomehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.Thefirstfruitisthattheycancomforttheheart,becausethepeacecomesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantage-happinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.12Thesecondoneis13Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople’sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeone-sided.Ontheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.Also,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.Thethirdoneisthattheycanhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves14Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Ifwewanttobetterwalkthe“pathoflife”withthecomfort,adviceandhelpfromourtrustedfriends,15A．However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.B．becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways.C．Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain“fruits”.D．weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully.E．Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.F．thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.G．quietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.【答案】11．C12．E13．F14．B15．D11．根據(jù)下文“theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.(它們可以安慰我們的心，建議我們的頭腦，幫助我們實現(xiàn)我們?yōu)樽约涸O(shè)定的目標(biāo)。)”可知，空處提出友誼帶來三個好處，即安慰我們的心，建議我們的頭腦，幫助我們實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。C項中的“threemain“fruits””與下文的“comforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoals”對應(yīng)。C項：Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain“fruits”.(一般來說，親密的友誼有三個主要的“果實”。)符合語境。故選C。12．根據(jù)上文“Thefirstfruitisthattheycancomforttheheart,becausethepeacecomesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.(第一個果實是，它們可以安慰心靈，因為平靜來自于有人與我們分享我們的喜悅，悲傷，成功和失敗。)”可知，友誼安慰心靈，從而使人類的心臟得到舒適和保護(hù)。E項：Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.(的確，人類的心臟依賴于這樣的機(jī)會來獲得舒適和保護(hù)。)符合語境。故選E。13．根據(jù)上文“theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.(它們可以安慰我們的心，建議我們的頭腦，幫助我們實現(xiàn)我們?yōu)樽约涸O(shè)定的目標(biāo)。)”可知，此處對應(yīng)友誼帶來的第二個果實，即“advisethehead”，F(xiàn)項中的“thattheycanadvisethehead”與上文對應(yīng)。F項：thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.(他們可以給頭腦提建議，因為通過與善意和明智的朋友交談，我們可能會有更好的理解和判斷。)符合語境。故選F。14．根據(jù)下文“Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.(有時朋友甚至被稱為我們的“第二個自我”。生活中有很多事情只有在朋友的幫助下才能完成。朋友們可能有很多不同的想法和技能。)”可知，空處和上文形成因果關(guān)系，解釋友誼可以幫助實現(xiàn)我們?yōu)樽约涸O(shè)定的目標(biāo)的原因。B項：becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways.(因為朋友可以以許多不同的方式提供幫助。)符合語境。故選B。15．根據(jù)上文“Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.(最后，應(yīng)該指出的是，享受人群的陪伴和和朋友在一起是不一樣的。)”可知，文章最后提示我們選擇朋友和發(fā)展人際關(guān)系要謹(jǐn)慎。D項：weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully.(我們應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地選擇朋友和發(fā)展人際關(guān)系。)符合語境。故選D。2.【江蘇省百校聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題】TofullyappreciateAustraliancuisine,youhavetoconsidertheuniquenatureofitswildlifeandgeography.Foronething,therearethewideplainsintheinteriorofthecountry,whicharehometomillionsofgrazinganimals.Foranother,thereisAustralia’slongcoastline,whichisnexttoalltherichesofthesea.16.ItisnowonderthatmuchofAustraliancuisinecentresaroundredmeatandseafood.OneofthemostpopularredmeatsinAustraliaisalsouniquetothecontinent:kangaroo.ThismayseemstrangeasthekangarooisanationalsymbolofAustralia.However,inrecentyears,kangarooshaveincreasedinnumbertoaround45million.Thesekangarooswanderontotheroadsandintocities,makingtrouble.17Asaconsequence,thegovernmentisencouragingpeopletousetheseanimalsasfood,andkangaroohasbecomeoneofthemostpopularitemsontheAustraliandinnertable.Asforseafood,manyofthefirstEuropeanswhocametoAustralialovedthesea.18Sincethecoastlineissolong,eachregionhasitsowndishesthatarerelatedtotheseafoodfoundinitswaters.

Butthen,howisallthisfoodcooked?PerhapsthefavouritewayofcookingfoodinAustraliaisthebarbecue.19Itisatimeforfriendsandrelativestogettogetherandhavefun.Evenstrangerspassingthroughwillbeofferedaseat,acolddrink,andsomethingoffthegrill.

......A．Australiaismadeupofmanyregions.B．Beyondthis,whatisAustraliancooking?C．Casualfriendlinessisthekeytosuchmeals.D．Peopleneedtopayattentiontotheprotectionofkangaroos.E．Theirincreasednumbershavealsoharmedplantsandotherwildlife.F．PerhapsthisisonereasonwhysomanyAustralianslivenearthecoast.G．ItisnowonderthatmuchofAustraliancuisinecentresaroundredmeatandseafood.【答案】17．E18．F19．C【解析】根據(jù)前文“However,inrecentyears,kangarooshaveincreasedinnumbertoaround45million.Thesekangarooswanderontotheroadsandintocities,makingtrouble.(然而，近年來，袋鼠的數(shù)量已經(jīng)增加到大約4500萬只。這些袋鼠在道路上游蕩，進(jìn)入城市，制造麻煩。)”可知，此處是講袋鼠數(shù)量大增帶來的麻煩，所以選項E“它們數(shù)量的增加也傷害了植物和其他野生動物?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選E。根據(jù)前文“Asforseafood,manyofthefirstEuropeanswhocametoAustralialovedthesea.(至于海鮮，許多第一批來到澳大利亞的歐洲人都喜歡大海。)”可知，此處是講為什么許多澳大利亞人喜歡住在海岸附近，所以選項F“也許這就是為什么這么多澳大利亞人住在海岸附近的原因之一?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選F。19．根據(jù)后文“Itisatimeforfriendsandrelativestogettogetherandhavefun.Evenstrangerspassingthroughwillbeofferedaseat,acolddrink,andsomethingoffthegrill.(這是一個朋友和親戚聚在一起玩的時間。即使是路過的陌生人也會得到一個座位，一杯冷飲和一些從烤架上取下來的東西。)”和前文“PerhapsthefavouritewayofcookingfoodinAustraliaisthebarbecue.(也許在澳大利亞最受歡迎的烹飪方式是燒烤。)”可知，此處是講澳大利亞人最喜歡的烹飪方式是燒烤是因為澳大利亞人對周圍人的友好態(tài)度，所以選項C“隨意的友好是這種用餐的關(guān)鍵?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xC。3.【河北省衡水市第二中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三檢測試題】TheaveragecostofaniPhonehasclimbedup,andeventhemostaffordableAndroiddevicescomewitharisingprice.16Itiswisetopaycloseattentiontothebestpracticesforextendingthelifeofyoursmartphone.Fortunately,thereareseveralwaystodothis.Removeunnecessaryappsandphotos.Whenthestorageandcapabilities(能力)ofthesmartphonearebeingmaxedout,thephonewillbecomemuchlessresponsive.17Toavoidthisunnecessaryexpense,makesurethatyouregularlyremoveanyapps,photos,documentsortextmessagesthatyoudonotactuallyneed.A．Powerdownregularly.B．Keepthebatteryingoodcondition.C．Butitmaynotbeinyourbestintereststousethem.D．Itoftenconvincespeopletoupgradebeforetheytrulyneedto.E．Ithelpsyourphoneneverbecomeoverloadedwithtoomuchdata.F．Soitdoesnotmakesensetotaketheriskofharmingitwithsweat.G．Areyouwastingyourmoneybyreplacingyourmobilephoneannually?【答案】16．G17．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些保養(yǎng)維護(hù)手機(jī)的方法。根據(jù)上文“TheaveragecostofaniPhonehasclimbedup,andeventhemostaffordableAndroiddevicescomewitharisingprice.(iPhone的平均價格已經(jīng)攀升，即使是最實惠的Android設(shè)備也在漲價)”以及后文“Itiswisetopaycloseattentiontothebestpracticesforextendingthelifeofyoursmartphone.Fortunately,thereareseveralwaystodothis.(密切關(guān)注延長智能手機(jī)壽命的最佳做法是明智的。幸運的是，有幾種方法可以做到這一點)”可知，本句主要是關(guān)于更換手機(jī)是否劃算的問題。故G選項“你每年更換手機(jī)是在浪費錢嗎？”符合語境。故選G。17．根據(jù)上文“Whenthestorageandcapabilities(能力)ofthesmartphonearebeingmaxedout,thephonewillbecomemuchlessresponsive.(當(dāng)智能手機(jī)的存儲空間和功能達(dá)到極限時，手機(jī)的響應(yīng)速度就會大大降低)”以及后文“Toavoidthisunnecessaryexpense,makesurethatyouregularlyremoveanyapps,photos,documentsortextmessagesthatyoudonotactuallyneed.(為了避免這些不必要的花費，確保你定期刪除所有你實際上不需要的應(yīng)用程序、照片、文檔或短信)”可知，上文提到“存儲空間和功能達(dá)到極限時，手機(jī)的響應(yīng)速度就會大大降低”，即內(nèi)存會影響人們的使用，讓人們換手機(jī)，故D選項“它常常在真正需要升級之前就說服了人們”符合語境。故選D。（2023上·北京朝陽·高三統(tǒng)考期中）Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefailtoachievethem.Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.1Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(認(rèn)知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideourhead.2Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.3“Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.4Still,therearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemorelikelytoforgetwhatweoffloadedifwenolongeraccessourstorage,suchaswhenoursmartphonedies.Wealsotendtooffloadtheimportantthingswemostwanttoremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantsweremorelikelytoforgettheimportantitemsandrecalltheunimportantones,thatis,themoreimportanttheintentionwewanttoremember,themorelikelywearetooffloadit—andtoforgetit.We’dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.5“Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswrong,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseorunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.“Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwehaveforgottentodosomethingandcouldhaveusedreminderstohelp.”A．Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.B．Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.C．Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.D．Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.E．Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.F．Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherwesetthem.G．Otherexpertssayit’stoosoontounderstandhowcognitiveoffloadingaffectsourbrains.【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．F【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。介紹了認(rèn)知卸載的好處和壞處，以及什么時候創(chuàng)建提醒。1．根據(jù)前文“Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.(我們無法實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的原因有很多)”可知，此處是說明無法實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的原因，所以B項“Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.(一個常見的原因是我們只是忘記了它們)”符合主題，并引出下文“Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.(不過，有一個方法可以幫助解決這個問題：設(shè)置提醒)”。故選B項。2．根據(jù)前文“Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(認(rèn)知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideourhead.(人們采用一種叫做認(rèn)知卸載的心理策略，即我們用身體動作來減少對大腦的需求。具體來說，我們可能會把我們的意圖從儲存在大腦里外包給大腦外的提醒)”可知，此處講述了設(shè)置提醒具體方法，所以D項“Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.(一個很好的例子就是我們智能手機(jī)日歷上的文檔)”是對此方法的具體舉例，符合文意。故選D項。3．根據(jù)前文“Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.(了解認(rèn)知卸載的好處可以提高我們的記憶能力和貫徹我們的意圖的能力。最大的好處就是提高了記憶性能。它增加了我們朝著我們需要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)努力的可能性)”可知，此處在講述了解認(rèn)知卸載的好處，根據(jù)后文““Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.(倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的教授山姆·吉爾伯特說：“我們越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如購物清單上的東西，我們就越能把大腦用于那些更重要的認(rèn)知任務(wù)，比如創(chuàng)造力?！?”是在講述另一個好處，所以空處應(yīng)是C項“Besides,itcanfreeup