專題14 謂語 (解析版)

高考英語一輪復習語法填空專題應對策略專題14謂語知識網絡一．各種時態(tài)1.一般現在時：用法：1）目前的狀況：Wearestillyoung.我們還年輕。2）經?；蛄晳T動作：Ineversituplateintothenight.3）真理或客觀存在：Twoheadsarebetterthanone.4）時間、條件狀語從句表將來：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgo.構成：1）一般加s：attack,donate,occur,recover,respond,clap,escape,ache,survive2）以s,x,sh,ch,o結尾加es：focus,fix,flash,approach,attach,go,do3）輔音字母+y結尾，y→ies：study,carry,fly,worry,apply,fancy4）特殊變化：have→has,be→am/is/are2.一般過去時用法：1)a.在過去確定時間里存在的狀態(tài)：Atthattimehewasyoung.b.在過去確定時間里發(fā)生的動作:Hecameherethreedaysago.2)在過去某個時間內經常發(fā)生的事：Weoftenwentboatingwhenwewerechildren.3)時間、條件狀語從句表示過去將來：Hetelephonedmetosaythathewouldn’tcomeifitrainedthenextday.構成：1)一般直接加ed：want,work,clean,attack,crash,prevent,deliver2)結尾有e(不發(fā)音)只加d：survive,tie,donate,breathe,escape,ache3)讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫尾字母再加ed：jog,hug,chat,refer,occur4)輔音字母+y結尾，y→ied：study,marry,apply,fancy3.一般將來時用法：1)在將來某個時間里會發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：Theguideswillentertainyouwithstories.2)按時刻表或日程表上將要做的事：Whendoestheplanearrive?構成：1)begoingto+原形：We’regoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate.2)am/is/are+現在分詞：I’mleavingforShanghaitonight.3)beto+原形(公務安排或必須做的事)：HeistovisitJapannextyear.4)beaboutto+原形(即將)：Thatpackageisabouttocomeunwrapped.4.過去將來時用法：1)在過去某個時間看來，將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)構成：1)would+原形：Shetoldmesheprobablywouldcome.2)was/were+現在分詞：Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.3)was/weregoingto+原形：Wefocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.5.現在進行時用法：表示正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事情：Iamtranslatingabookthesedays.構成：am/is/are+現在分詞現在分詞：1)一般加ing：reflect,apply,suffer,prevent,deliver2)去e加ing：explore,bite,hesitate,breathe,escape3)雙寫末字母加ing：quit,permit,chat,refer,occur6.過去進行時用法：表示在過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的事：Iwasdoingmylessonsthistimeyesterday.構成:was/were+現在分詞7.將來進行時用法：表示在將來某時正在進行的動作：Bythistimetomorrow,I’llbelyingonthebeach.構成：willbe+現在分詞8.現在完成時用法：1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果。常與already,yet,ever,never,before,just,once,twice,threetimes等連用2)表示從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現在并可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。常與“for+時間段”,“since+時間點”，以及in/overthepastfewyears,inthelastthreeyears,sofar,tillnow,uptonow,thesedays等連用構成:have/has+過去分詞Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyvillagesince1978.9.過去完成時用法：1)表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現在，并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)構成:had+過去分詞WhenIgotthere,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.10.現在完成進行時用法：表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現在，并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)構成:have/hasbeen+現在分詞Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears.二．被動語態(tài)概念：1)主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如：WestudyEnglisheveryday.2)被動語態(tài)：主語是動作的承受者。如：Englishisstudiedallovertheworld.構成:be(體現時態(tài))+過去分詞a.一般現在時構成：am/is/are+過去分詞：RiceisgrowninSouthChina.b.一般過去時構成：was/were+過去分詞：Shewasaskedtosingasong.c.一般將來時構成：willbe/goingtobe+過去分詞：TheconferencewillbeheldinBeijing.d.過去將來時構成：wouldbe+過去分詞：Heknewhewouldbepunishedforit.e.現在進行時構成：am/is/arebeing+過去分詞：Theroadisbeingwidened.f.過去進行時構成：was/werebeing+過去分詞：Theroadwasbeingrepairedthen.g.現在完成時構成：have/hasbeen+過去分詞：Alltheticketshavebeensoldout.h.過去完成時構成：hadbeen+過去分詞：AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIarried.i.含情態(tài)動詞構成：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞：Morespacestationsmaybebuilt.三．情態(tài)動詞的用法1.can和could的用法1)表能力“能，會”：Icananswerthequestion.2)表請求“能，可以”：Canyouhelpmewithit?3)表允許“能，可以”：CanIreadyournewspaper?4)提建議“可以”：YoucanaskMrLiaboutit.5)表可能性“可能”：Whatcantheybedoing?2.may和might的用法1)表允許：Youmaycomeifyouwish.2)表可能：ThiscoatmaybePeter’s.3)表祝愿：Mayyousucceed!3.must的用法1)表必要“必須”：Imuststudyhard.2)表堅持“偏要，非要”：Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?3)表不可避免“必定會”：Allmenmustdie.4)表推斷“一定，準是”：Youmustbetiredafteryourlongwalk.4.shall的用法1)在疑問句中征求意見(主語是I,we,he)：Shallhewaitforyououtside?2)表示說話者給對方的承諾、警告等：Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday.3)表示強制，意為“必須，應該”：Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber.5.should的用法1)表示責任或義務：Heshouldworkharder.2)表示推斷“可能，該”：Heshouldarrivesoon.3)表示“竟然”：It’sstrangethatheshouldbelate.4)表示不感興趣、驚訝：HowshouldIknow?5)表示“一旦”(條件句)：IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.6.will和would的用法1)表示愿意：Hewilltakeyouhome.2)表示請求：Will/Wouldyougowithme?3)表示真理“總是”：Oilwillfloatonwater.4)表示過去的習慣：Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.5)表示要求“一定”：Youwillreporttomeafterwards.6)表示目前情況的預測“一定，大概”：Thiswillbethehouseyou’relookingfor.四．表過去情況的推測的用法1)musthavedonesth一定已經做了某事：Imusthaveforgottentotellyou.2)might/mayhavedonesth可能已經做了某事：Shemayhaveleftyesterday.3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth應當已經做了某事：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.3)cannot/couldn’thavedonesth不可能做了某事：Theycannothavegoneoutbecausethelightison!4)can/could+主語+havedonesth可能做了某事嗎？：Themoneyhasdisappeared!Whocouldhavetakenit?5)couldhavedone本可以做而實際上未做：Youcouldhavestartedalittleearlier.6)mighthavedone本可以做而實際上未做：Youmighthavedoneitbetterthatday.7)needn’thavedone本不必做但卻做了：Youneedn’thavesaidthat.8)oughtto/shouldhavedone本該做而實際上沒做：Youshouldhavetoldusearlier.9)oughtnotto/shouldn’thavedone本不該做而實際上做了：Yououghtn’ttohavespokentoyourteacherlikethat.五．主謂一致謂語動詞在人稱和數方面要和主語保持一致基本概念:謂語動詞在單復數形式上要和主語的單復數保持一致一）主謂一致的三個原則:a.語法一致概念：謂語動詞在單復數形式上要和主語的單復數保持一致例句：1.謂語與主語的數一致：Wetakeexerciseeveryday./Tomtakesexerciseeveryday.2.主語是“manya/an+單數名詞”，謂語用單數：Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.3.主語是“morethan+單數名詞”，謂語用單數：Morethanoneteachergetstheflowers.4.主語是“neither+單數名詞”,謂語用單數：Neitherboyistoblame.5.主語是復合不定代詞,謂語用單數：Everythingaroundusismatter.b.意義一致概念:謂語動詞要和主語在意義上的單復數保持一致例句：主語是people,thepolice,cattle等,謂語用復數:Cattleeatgrass.主語是family,audience,crew,crowd,class,group,company,committee等時，強調整體是單數，強調各個成員時是復數：Theclasswere/wasinterestedinhislecture.3.主語是“the+形容詞或分詞”，如therich,thepoor,thedead,theliving,theinjured等表示某一類人時，謂語用復數：Thericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoor.4.主語是theChinese(中國人),theBritish(英國人),theIrish(愛爾蘭人)等時，謂語用復數：TheChineseusechopsticksinsteadofknivesandforks.5.主語是表示時間、金錢、重量、長度、價值等的復數名詞，通常把它們看作一個整體，謂語用單數：Tenpoundsisenough./Thirtyyearsisn’talongtime.6.主語形式是復數但意義卻是單數的news,plastics和表示學科的mathematics,physics,politics等時，謂語用單數：Mathematicsisherfavoritesubject.7.主語是單復數同形的sheep,deer,means,works(工廠),species(種類)等，要與實際意義一致：Everymeanshasbeentried./Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.c.就近一致概念：謂語動詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致1.Therebe結構Thereisapenandseveralbooksonthedesk.Thereareseveralbooksandapenonthedesk.2.平行結構EitheryouorIamwrong.Eitheryouorsheiswrong.3.here,there引導：Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.二）主謂一致的12個難點:1.動名詞、不定式、從句作主語，謂語用單數：RememberingEnglishwordsisdifficult./Whathesaysisimportant.2.eachof+復數名詞，謂語動詞用單數：Eachofushasanewcomputer.3.either/neitherof+復數名詞，謂語動詞用單數或復數：Neitherofthetextsis/areinteresting.4.noneof+不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數：Noneofthemoneyhereismine.noneof+復數名詞或代詞,謂語用單數或復數：Noneofthemspeak(s)English.5.half/most/all/therest/thirtypercent/onethirdof+名詞，謂語動詞與of后的名詞的數保持一致：Therestofthebreadwasthrownaway./Therestoftheeggshavegonebad.6.指同一人、同一物、同一概念的并列結構，謂語動詞用單數：Thepoetandwriteriscomingtoourschooltomorrow.7.有no,each,every,manya修飾的并列單數主語，謂語動詞用單數形式：Eachboyandeachgirlhasabeautifuldream.8.oneof+復數名詞+who....謂語動詞用復數：Sheisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.theonlyoneof+復數名詞+who...謂語動詞用單數：Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.9.anumberof+復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數:AnumberofforeignersareworkinginChina.thenumberof+復數名詞，謂語動詞用單數：Thenumberofforeignvisitorsisincreasing.10.aquantityof+名詞，謂語與所接名詞的數一致：Alargequantityofnutsareonthetable.quantitiesof+名詞，謂語一律用復數：Largequantitiesoffuelareusedbymodernindustry.11.A+with/togetherwith/alongwith/like/except/but/nolessthan/aswellas+B,謂語與A一致：Theteacher,togetherwithsomestudents,hasgonetoanursinghome.12.all指theonlything或everything時,是單數：AllIwantispeaceandquiet.六．虛擬語氣1.用過去式表示a.If引導的虛擬條件句現在：IfIwereyou,Ishouldtakemytime.過去：Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavesucceeded.將來：Ifitrained/weretorain/shouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.b.含蓄虛擬條件句Withoutair,noonecouldlive./Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.It’sluckythatheboundedaway,otherwisehewouldhavebeenhurt.Ifitwere/Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldstillbehomeless.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.c.錯綜時間條件句Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.d.wish后的賓語從句現在:IwishIhadahouseinGuangzhou,butIcan’taffordone.過去:IwishIhadn’twastedsomuchtime.將來:Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.e.ifonly后的句子現在：IfonlyIwererich.過去：IfonlyIhadlistenedtoyouradvice!將來：Ifonlyitwouldstoprainingsoon.f.wouldrather后的句子現在：I’dratheryouwerehappy.過去：I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidthat.將來：IwouldratheryoucamenextSunday.g.asif/though后的句子現在：MrLitreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.過去：Hebehavednaturallyasifnothinghadhappened.將來：Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforever.2.用(should+)動詞原形表示一個堅持:Heinsistedthatwe(should)acceptthesegifts.(堅持要)比較：Sheinsistedthathewaswrong.(堅持認為)兩個命令:Themayororderedthatfreefoodbedistributed.Hecommandedthatthesoldiersattackatonce.三個建議:Irecommendedthathe(should)consultalawyer.Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.Thedentistsuggestedthatshe(should)comeanotherday.比較：Alltheevidencesuggeststhathestolethemoney.(表明)四個要求:Sheaskedthatshe(should)bekeptinformedofdevelopment.Werequestedthatthenextmeeting(should)beheldonFriday.Thesituationrequiredthathe(should)bepresent.ThebossdemandedthatMary(should)finishitwithinaweek.主語從句中:Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometotheoffice.It’snaturalthatyoushouldbenervous.Itisvitallyimportantthattheyreceiveallthehelpavailable.七.謂語的考點及考法1.時態(tài)1)時狀明示Since2011,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.(答案為hasgrown)2)前后一致WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad...,thehugeanimal_______(mean)menorealharm.(答案為meant)3)并列一致Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand______(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(were與would并列,答案為were)4)主謂一致Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____(be)oftenacceptable.（答案為is）2.語態(tài)1)主謂一致Sarah_________________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(答案為wastold/hasbeentold)2)情后原形Trulyelegantchopsticksmight_________(make)ofgoldandsilver.(答案為bemade)真題回顧語法填空:在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。1.(2023年全國Ⅱ卷)Asalittlegirl,I___65___(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.【解析】句意:作為一個小女孩，我希望長大后能成為一名動物園管理員。根據前面的時間狀語Asalittlegirl可知,希望長大后能成為一名動物園管理員是過去的動作，故填wished。2.(2023年全國乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I____67____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產)whileconstantlygrowing.【解析】句意:在過去的十年里，我參觀了幾次，我對新舊共存和一個城市如何在不斷發(fā)展的同時能夠保留著這么豐富的遺產感到驚訝。.beamazedby----對-------感到驚訝，故填wasamazed。3.(2023年全國乙卷·70)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____70_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【解析】分析句子成分可知，設空處為主句的謂語，主語為Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity，是第三人稱單數，因此設空處應用一般現在時的單數形式，故填means。4.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandas.【解析】分析句子成分可知，設空處為定語從句的謂語，先行詞為areas，再根據“previously(以前，先前)”可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，因此設空處應用一般過去時或現在完成時的復數形式，故填were或havebeen。5.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP____________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticity(原真)andintegrityofnaturalecosystems…TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivity…【解析】因主語TheGPNP與動詞design之間為動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)，bedesignedtodosth也可看作固定搭配(目的是做某事；被設計用于做某事)；此處陳述客觀事實，且由下一句中的is也可得知用一般現在時，主語為單數，故填isdesigned。6.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry___________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.【解析】此處為bedoingsthwhensbdidsth句型，意為“正在做某事，這時某人(突然)做某事”，此處描述過去的事情，故填wasfixing。7.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷)Hequickly________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.【解析】與空后的started構成并列關系，故應用一般過去時，故填threw。8.(2022年全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao_________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro.【解析】由時間狀語inthelastfiveyears可知，此處應用現在完成時，主語Cao為第三人稱單數，故填haswalked。9.(2021全國甲卷)It(TheXi’anCityWall)__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).【解析】因主語It(TheXi’anCityWall)與build是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)；又由后文的theTangDynasty可知，用一般過去時，故填wasbuilt。10.(2021全國甲卷)We_______(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.【解析】結合上下文的時態(tài)可知，此處用一般過去時，故填hired。11.(2021全國新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit____(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.【解析】由then可知，此處應用一般過去時，表示過去的人搬石頭做臺階很艱難，故填was。12.(2021全國新高考Ⅱ卷)Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I’dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto______(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.【解析】結合上文的時態(tài)可知，此處用一般過去時，又因主語companies被oneof修飾，故用單數形式，故填was。13.(2020全國Ⅰ卷)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—_________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【解析】由時間狀語lastweek可知，應用一般過去時，故填touched。14.(2020全國Ⅰ卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_______(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct).”【解析】結合語境和上文的Thisreallyexcitesscientists可知，此處陳述客觀事實，應用一般現在時；且主語為it，為第三人稱單數，故填means；此處陳述客觀事實，應用一般現在時，從句主語themoon和construct之間為被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)，且themoon為單數，謂語應用第三人稱單數形式，故填isconstructed。15.(2020全國Ⅱ卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers________(carry)specialsignificance.【解析】此處陳述客觀事實，應用一般現在時；從句的主語為動名詞短語decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers，謂語應用第三人稱單數形式，故填carries。16.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewould____________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.【解析】從句主語he和choose之間為被動關系，且位于情態(tài)動詞would后，故填bechosen。17.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand_________(point)downtheriver.【解析】根據上文謂語動詞的時態(tài)，且設空處與and前的smiled并列，可知用一般過去時，故填pointed。18.(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.【解析】根據上下文謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，應用一般過去時，故填formed。19.(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic___________(call)galleriesorrooms.主語parts為可數名詞復數，與call之間為被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)；且此處陳述客觀事實，應用一般現在時，故填arecalled。20.(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection____(be)ondisplay.【解析】此處陳述客觀事實，用一般現在時；“apartof+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數取決于of后的名詞是單數還是復數，由collection為單數可知，謂語動詞應用單數形式，故填is。21.(2020新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Becausethenumberofpossibletopics___(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.【解析】thenumberof(……的數目)后接可數名詞復數，謂語動詞用單數。根據下文謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，用一般現在時，故填is。22.(2020新高考全國Ⅱ卷)…wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers__________________(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceofourFurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.【解析】主語Readers與encourage之間為被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)。根據上文謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，用一般現在時，故填areencouraged。23.(2019全國Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut______________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.【解析】由時間狀語inrecentyears可知，此處用現在完成時態(tài)，故填havereported。24.(2019全國Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid…【解析】由后文的had和said可知，本句應用一般過去時，故填declared。25.(2019全國Ⅱ卷)Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI____________(make)overtheyears…”【解析】由時間狀語overtheyears可知，此處應用現在完成時態(tài)，故填havemade。26.(2019全國Ⅲ卷)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand______________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.【解析】因and連接兩個并列謂語動詞，時態(tài)應保持一致，故填recommended。27.(2018全國Ⅱ卷)Since2011,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years.【解析】由Since2011可知此處語境表示的是從過去的某個時間(2011年)開始，一直持續(xù)到現在的動作，強調對現在造成的影響或結果(玉米種植量比水稻多)，故用現在完成時，且主語country是單數名詞，故用hasgrown。28.(2018全國Ⅲ卷)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal_______(mean)menorealharm.【解析】由frightened和was可知，mean也用一般過去式，故填meant。29.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)Steamengines____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly【解析】unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess…【解析】因Steamengines與use是被動關系，又是過去的動作，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語是復數，故填wereused。30.(2017全國Ⅲ卷)Sarah______________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.【解析】由tellsbsth可知要用被動語態(tài)，由語境可知，應是“已有人告訴她”或“曾有人告訴她”，故用現在完成時或一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填hasbeentold/wastold。31.(2016全國Ⅱ卷)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____(be)oftenacceptable.【解析】動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式，故填recommended。32.(2016全國Ⅲ卷)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.【解析】因be與wouldremind并列，根據并列一致原則，be也用過去式；又因主語knives是復數，故填were。33.(2015全國Ⅰ卷)Yangshuo____(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.【解析】指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài)，用一般現在時，下句謂語動詞names是一般現在時，也有提示作用；主語Yangshuo是第三人稱單數，故填is?？记榉治隹记椋褐^語在高考中不但每年必考而且是考查的重點，考1~2題。主要考查：（1）動詞時態(tài)，主要是上下文時態(tài)一致和并列一致；（2）被動語態(tài)；（3）主謂一致。解法：1.要弄清全文是敘述過去發(fā)生了的事還是客觀地講述目前的情況，特別留意上下文的時態(tài)，因為上下文時態(tài)一致是考查的重點，并列一致一定要弄清跟誰并列。2.要分析主語與謂語動詞之間是主動關系還是被動關系。被動語態(tài)一定是“助動詞be+過去分詞”；主動語態(tài)，若是行為動詞且不是進行時，不能用be。3.主謂一致主要是找準主語。模擬操練語法填空:在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。1.(2023屆廣東汕頭質檢)“Moreandmoreforeigntourists____________(come)toYangshuo,andIhopetheywillfeelathomeherewithmyhelp,”shesaid.【解析】分析句子可知，在and并列的第一個分句中缺謂語，結合句意可知，表示“正在到來”，應用現在進行時，故填arecoming。2.(2023屆廣東廣州調研測試)PekingOperaisdemandingbecauseoftheextensivelistofskillsit_________(require).【解析】主語為it，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數；由本句時態(tài)可知，用一般現在時，故填requires。順便一提，此處為省略that的定語從句，故填requires。3.(2023屆浙江湖州、麗水、衢州質檢)ThewordeSports____(be)shortforelectronicsports.【解析】敘述客觀事實用一般現在時，主語為單數，故填is。4.(2023屆江蘇鎮(zhèn)江期中調研)HerecitedChineseancientpoetLiBai’spoemSouthernMaideninFrenchand___________(express)hiseagernesstotraveltoChina.【解析】由與之并列的recited可知，此處也應用一般過去時，故填expressed。5.(2023屆廣東大灣區(qū)一模)Aboveall,ChineseLittleNewYearsuggestsanewyearwithanewimageand__________(express)thegoodwishesofChinesepeopletoringouttheOldYearandringintheNewYear.【解析】分析句子成分可知，本句中的and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞；第一個是suggests，意為“表明”，時態(tài)為一般現在時，主語為第三人稱單數；第二個即設空處動詞express，也應用一般現在時，主語也是第三人稱單數，故填expresses。6.(2023屆江蘇鹽城期中考試)Aftermorethan10yearsofpollutioncontrolandmanagement,it_________(pass)theevaluationbytheMinistryofWaterResourcesin2020.【解析】由in2020可知，句子描述過去的事情，用一般過去時，故填passed。7.(2023屆山西大同二調)Adecadeago,thearrivaloftreeplanters_________(catch)Hua’sattention.【解析】由時間狀語Adecadeago可知，此處應用一般過去時，故填caught。8.(2023屆四川瀘州一診)Now,Zhu____(be)theheadoftheprojecttobattleagainstdesertification(沙漠化).Healsogiveslecturesaboutthefightagainstdesertification.【解析】由空前的Now及下句的謂語動詞gives可知，用一般現在時，故填is。9.(2023屆廣西南寧摸底測試)ThisChinesecustom_____________(become)agameoftheworldalready.【解析】由句中的already可知，此處應用現在完成時，故填hasbecome。10.(2023屆江蘇無錫期中調研)Brahmhimselfisakungfuloverwho_______________________________(devote)himselftothepracticeformorethan40years.【解析】由formorethan40years可知，用現在完成時或現在完成進行時(強調現在依然在做)，故填hasdevoted/hasbeendevoting。11.(2023屆江蘇鎮(zhèn)江期中調研)“FocusOnZhejiang”InternationalCulturalExchangeActivity,jointlysponsoredbyInformationOfficeofZhejiangProvincialGovernmentandZhejiangProvincialDepartmentofCultureandTourism,______________(hold)consistentlyforthreeyears.【解析】由時間狀語forthreeyears可知，應為現在完成時，結合主語InternationalCulturalExchangeActivity和動詞hold為被動關系，故填hasbeenheld。12.(2023屆山西呂梁階段性測試)Whileexactpopulationnumbersareunknown,researchersestimatethatredpandas_______________(decline)by50%inthelast18years.【解析】由時間狀語inthelast18years可知，用現在完成時，故填havedeclined。13.(2023屆吉林一調)InJune,Shaanxikuaiban_________________(recognize)asanintangible(非物質的)culturalheritageatthenationallevel.【解析】因Shaanxikuaiban與recognize之間為被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)；又由InJune可知用一般過去時，故填wasrecognized。14.(2023屆河北滄州摸底考試)TalkingaboutJiaohe,GurisaidthatshewouldalwaysrememberJune22,2014,whentheJiaoheAncientCityRuins_____________(name)theWorldHeritageSite.【解析】設空處為謂語動詞，主語theJiaoheAncientCityRuins與name之間為被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)；由時間狀語可知，要用一般過去時，主語為單數，故填wasnamed。15.(2023屆廣東普寧階段檢測)Asaresult,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.Acommittee__________________(establish)tolimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthelossofculturalrelics.【解析】因主語Acommittee與謂語establish是被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)；結合上句中的turned可知，用一般過去時，且主語是第三人稱單數，故填wasestablished。16.(2023屆江蘇連云港期中調研)Toprotectthisartistictreasure,Chinesesealcarving______________(include)ontheUNESCORepresentativeListofIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin2009.【解析】因主語Chinesesealcarving與include(使成為……的一部分)為被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)；由in2009可知用一般過去時，故填wasincluded。17.(2023屆浙江湖州、麗水、衢州質檢)Forinstance,chess________________(recognize)asasportbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteein1999.【解析】由時間狀語in1999可知，用一般過去時，又因主語chess與recognize之間為被動關系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語chess為不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數，故填wasrecognized。18.(2023屆山東泰安期中考試)WhenstudentsstartedthenewschoolyearonThursday,manywouldhavenoticedanewcourse.Thenewcourse________________(introduce)aftertheMinistryofEducationreleasedanewcurriculum(課程)standardforlaboureducation.【解析】主語course和動詞introduce之間是被動關系，且上文提到新課程已加入新學年，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填wasintroduced。19.(2023屆河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)TheXi’anCityWall___________(build)intheearlyMingDynasty(1368-1644).【解析】主語TheXi’anCityWall和動詞build之間是被動關系，再結合時間狀語intheearlyMingDynasty(1368-1644)可知，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填wasbuilt。20.(2023屆江西景德鎮(zhèn)一檢)“It’sasurprisetomethatonlinefictioncan__________(add)tothecollectionofaforeignlibrary.Iwasveryhappy,it’samilestoneformycreation,”saidYiQianchong.【解析】因onlinefiction與add是被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)；can后面加動詞原形，故填beadded。21.Nearlyeverythingproducedintheworldcould__________(find)onthestreetsofChang’an.【解析】因everything與find為被動關系，且could后加動詞原形，故填befound。22.Histalentcan__________(see)notonlyonthecourt,butalsoinhiswriting.【解析】主因主語talent和謂語see是被動關系，前有情態(tài)動詞can，故填beseen。23.InEnglish,“calligraphy”literally_________(mean)“beautifulwriting”.ItisawrittenformthatunitesthelanguagesspokeninChina.【解析】根據下文謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，用一般現在時，主語是calligraphy，為不可數名詞，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數，故填means。24.(2023屆湖北黃岡期中測試)Moststudents_______________(require)totakepartinthelabourclassonceperweek.【解析】因students與require之間為被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)；由時間狀語onceaweek可知，用一般現在時，主語為復數名詞，故填arerequired。25.(2023屆山西呂梁階段性測試)Thesnowleopard(豹)alsosharestheterritory…Snowleopards_________(list)asvulnerableduetotheincreasingthreatstotheirnaturalhabitat.【解析】主語Snowleopards和動詞list之間是被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)，此處描述客觀事實，用一般現在時，主語是復數形式，故填arelisted。26.(2023屆浙江溫州一模)Thoughtherearemorethan7,000plantspeciesontheplanet,justthree—rice,maizeandwheat—______(be)thestaplefoodofoverhalftheworld’spopulation.【解析】此處陳述客觀事實，用一般現在時，主語為three，謂語用復數，故填are。27.(2023屆湖南郴州一檢)In2019,10onlinenovels,includingGreatPower,HeavyIndustry,______(be)addedtothecollectionoftheShanghaiLibrary.【解析】由時間狀語In2019可知，用一般過去時，主語10onlinenovels是復數，故填were。28.(2023屆四川遂寧零診)Tomakemattersworse,thetreestheyhadplantedinthefirsttwoyears____________(blow)awaybystrongwinds,becausetheyweren’tfamiliarwiththeenvironment.【解析】因主語thetrees與謂語動詞blow之間是被動關系，且本句動作發(fā)生在過去，應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語是復數形式，故填wereblown。29.(2023屆河北保定期中測試)Totally,thearchaeologists(考古學家)_________________(discover)morethan500piecesofrelicsoverthelastfewmonths,impressedwiththehistoricalandartisticvalue.【解析】由時間狀語overthelastfewmonths可知，應用現在完成時，主語thearchaeologists為復數，故填havediscovered。30.(2023屆江蘇鹽城期中考試)Everyyear,alargegroupofbirds____________(spot)intheBeijingE-TownsectionoftheLiangshuiRiver,whichwasoncefullofpollutionandhadanunpleasantsmell.【解析】因birds與spot之間為被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)；由時間狀語Everyyear可知，用一般現在時，主語為復數，故填arespotted。31.(2023屆江蘇常州期中考試)Injustmonths,millionsofpeople_______________(enter)text-to-imageAIsystemsandtheyarealreadybeingusedtocreateexperimentalfilms,magazinecoversandimages.【解析】由Injustmonths可知，本句描述的是從過去某一時刻開始到現在一直都在發(fā)生的事情，應用現在完成時，主語millionsofpeople是復數，故填haveentered。32.(2023屆廣東廣州階段訓練)Inthepastfewyears,thecountry_________________(enhance)legal,andtechnologicalsupportoftheprotectionofitsworldnaturalheritage.【解析】由Inthepastfewyears可知，用現在完成時，主語country是單數，故填hasenhanced。33.(2023屆陜西寶雞一檢)Inthepastdecades,interestintherapidlydevelopingnation___________(grow)quickly.【解析】由時間狀語Inthepastdecades可知，句子用現在完成時，主語interest是第三人稱單數，故填hasgrown。34.(2023屆湖南郴州一檢)TheChineseonlineliteratureindustry________________(mature)quicklyduringitsfastdevelopmentoverthelasttwodecades.【解析】由時間狀語overthelasttwodecades可知，用現在完成時，主語Chineseonlineliteratureindustry為單數，故填hasmatured。35.(2023屆山東德州期中考試)BecauseofthegeographicaldifferencesinthenorthandthesouthofQinlingMountains,Qinling-HuaiRiverLine_____________(become)themostimportantnorth-southboundaryofChinesegeographysofar.【解析】由時間狀語sofar可知，要用現在完成時，主語QinlingHuaiRiverLine為單數，故填hasbecome。36.(2023屆江蘇徐州期中考試)Upto