專題19 名詞六大類十五個(gè)高頻考點(diǎn)（講案）解析版

【上好課】2025年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專題19名詞六大類十五個(gè)高頻考點(diǎn)（講案）解析版（快問快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+精講精練+真題分類+原創(chuàng)語填）目錄一、名詞用法快問快答P1二、名詞用法思維導(dǎo)圖P2三、五年高考名詞考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表P2考點(diǎn)清單一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的用法P3考點(diǎn)清單二、不可數(shù)名詞的用法P4考點(diǎn)清單三、抽象名詞具體化用法P5考點(diǎn)清單四、名詞所有格的用法P6考點(diǎn)清單五、動(dòng)詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~后綴P7考點(diǎn)清單六、名詞分類及句法功能P9分類訓(xùn)練（一）單句填空（高考真題）P11【2024題組】P11【2023題組】P12【2022題組】P13【2021題組】P14分類訓(xùn)練（二）單句改錯(cuò)（高考真題）P14分類訓(xùn)練（三）名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)十六組P15分類訓(xùn)練（四）動(dòng)詞或形容詞變名詞100例P16分類訓(xùn)練（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）P18“city不city”網(wǎng)絡(luò)熱梗的流行折射中國(guó)旅游蓬勃生機(jī)P18一、名詞用法快問快答Q1：名詞用法有哪些注意事項(xiàng)？A1：名詞是英語最基本的詞性。首先需要掌握名詞的分類和用法，其次是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化，然后是名詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換，最后是名詞的用法。Q2：使用名詞需要注意什么？A2：首先需要注意名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，其次該名詞該用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，甚至還應(yīng)考慮名詞前邊冠詞的變化。Q3：如何才能學(xué)好名詞？A3：一要掌握名詞的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，二要了解名詞的用法，三要學(xué)以致用。Q4：學(xué)好名詞有什么意義？A4：一能提高語言的準(zhǔn)確性，二能在日常英語中尤其是應(yīng)用文寫作和讀后續(xù)寫中嘗試使用高級(jí)詞匯進(jìn)一步提升句子表達(dá)力。二、名詞用法思維導(dǎo)圖三、五年高考名詞考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表卷別詞類轉(zhuǎn)換單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格2024新高考I卷engineering,richnessfavourites2024新高考II卷visibilitythemes2024全國(guó)甲卷completiontreasures2023新高考II卷arrivalinterviews2023全國(guó)甲卷warning2023全國(guó)乙卷wonders2022新高考I卷populations2022新高考II卷son's2022全國(guó)甲卷protection2022全國(guó)乙卷responsibility2021新高考1卷humans2021新高考II卷representative2021全國(guó)甲卷watchtowers2021全國(guó)乙卷developmentActivities2020全國(guó)I卷interest2020全國(guó)II卷celebration2020全國(guó)III卷curiosity2020新高考卷accuracy2019全國(guó)I卷belief2019全國(guó)III卷competition考點(diǎn)清單一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的用法要點(diǎn)精講：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的場(chǎng)合場(chǎng)合用法示例一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass→glasses,box→boxes,church→churches,brush→brushes以輔音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以輔音字母+-o結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以元音字母+-o結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-szoo→zoos,zero→zeros以元音字母+-o結(jié)尾的名詞特殊直接加-sphoto→photos,kilo→kilos,piano→pianos以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f或fe為-veswife→wilves,wolf→wolves以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-sgulf→gulfs,roof→roofs,belief→beliefs,safe→safes單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species特殊記憶的名詞單獨(dú)記憶man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù)passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)無名詞最后加-sgrown-up→grown-ups,go-between→go-betweens【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】請(qǐng)用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).3.(2023新高考II卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.4.(2023北京卷)Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect(city)fromcoastalwinds.5.(2021新高考1卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_______(human)are.【答案】1.months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,tomatoes,zoos;wives;boxes,photos,brushes2.Teachers’,editors-in-chief,menteachers,womendoctors,children;sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,teeth3.interviews。句意：他們還需要準(zhǔn)備好用英語接受國(guó)際記者的采訪。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是動(dòng)詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，interview意為“采訪”為可數(shù)名詞，不止一段采訪，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填interviews。4.cities。句意：紅樹林有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲。此處應(yīng)用名詞city作賓語，為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，故填cities。5.human。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞應(yīng)該作we的同位語，故應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans?？键c(diǎn)清單二、不可數(shù)名詞的用法要點(diǎn)精講：不可數(shù)名詞用法用法示例1.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.前邊也不能有不定冠詞a或an。1.常見不可數(shù)名詞有fun趣味,furniture家具,luggage行李,information信息,progress進(jìn)步,advice建議,air空氣,knowledge知識(shí),news消息,equipment設(shè)備,work工作,homework作業(yè),housework家務(wù)。2.這些名詞取首字母可以妙記為flipaknew(飛來品，牛)?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】單句改錯(cuò)1.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.2.(2016全國(guó)II卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.3.(2016四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.4.(2015全國(guó)I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.5.(2011全國(guó)I卷）Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.【答案】1.informations改為information。2.knowledges改為knowledge。3.houseworks改為housework。4.airs改為air。5.luggages改為luggage?？键c(diǎn)清單三、抽象名詞具體化用法①具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，常考的有：?jiǎn)卧~抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的貢獻(xiàn)一定會(huì)使這個(gè)事件很成功。②物質(zhì)名詞具體化drink飲料→twodrinks兩杯飲料coffee咖啡→acoffee一杯咖啡chalk粉筆→achalk一支粉筆hair頭發(fā)→ahair一根頭發(fā)③抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。例如：Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在那些艱難的時(shí)期，能夠買得起一杯酒會(huì)是一件欣慰的事?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.2.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.3.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.4.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.5.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.【答案】1.the;a2.the,the3.a;the4.the;a5.a,a考點(diǎn)清單四、名詞所有格的用法要點(diǎn)精講：名詞所有格：表示人或有生命的名詞常在詞尾加's或’。①表示兩者各自所有關(guān)系時(shí)，分別在每個(gè)名詞的詞尾加’s；表示兩者共有，在最后名詞詞尾加’s。如：mysister'stelephone姐姐的電話Jones’room瓊斯的房間Nurses’Day護(hù)士節(jié)Women’sday婦女節(jié)。②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人家時(shí)，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。如：atthebarber's在理發(fā)店atmyuncle's在我叔家HaveyouevermetTom'sandJim'sfathersbefore?湯姆父親和吉姆父親③若一樣?xùn)|西為兩人所有，只在后一個(gè)名詞后加’s。ThisisTomandJim'sfather湯姆和吉姆的父親。2.of所有格無生命的名詞常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系；名詞短語或定語修飾的有生命的名詞用of所有格。thewindowoftheroom房間的窗戶3.雙重所有格指＂名詞＋of＋名詞所有格＂或＂名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞＂。aplayofShakespeare’s(莎士比亞的一個(gè)戲劇)afriendofmine(我的一個(gè)朋友)名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有關(guān)系。(1)一般是名詞詞尾加-'s。如:John'shome約翰的家;(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加-'。如:students'textbooks學(xué)生們的課本;(3)詞尾不帶-(e)s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子們的游戲。表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系;名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的標(biāo)題;thenameofthegirloverthere那邊那位女孩的名字。雙重所有格的構(gòu)成為:“名詞+of+-'s所有格”或“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名詞前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修飾,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母親(擁有)的一張照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的這只小貓?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】請(qǐng)用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.2.（2022浙江1月卷）Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.3.---

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____________(Palmer).4.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.5.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.【答案】1.son’s2.person’s3.Palmers4.girls’,Tom’s5.owners’考點(diǎn)清單五、動(dòng)詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~后綴要點(diǎn)精講1：動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴后綴示例－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝conclude→conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discuss→discussion討論；論述decide→decision決定admit→admission承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入permit→permission允許，許可invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海員，水手drive→driver司機(jī)；駕駛員gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老師announce→announcer廣播員conduct→conductor指揮；售票員－mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對(duì)待；治療equip→equipment裝備；設(shè)備govern→government政府a(chǎn)stonish→astonishment驚奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)perform→performance表演；表現(xiàn)exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考，查閱－ure/-turefail→failure失敗；倒閉press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開；出發(fā)mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing聽力，聽覺begin→beginning開始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)要點(diǎn)精講2：形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private→privacy隱私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差異evident→evidence證據(jù)－nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力氣；優(yōu)勢(shì)warm→warmth溫暖；熱情－y/－tysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷；傷殘responsible→responsibility責(zé)任honest→honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】請(qǐng)用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.（2023新高考II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe36(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.2.（2023全國(guó)甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty69(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.3.（2022全國(guó)甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).4.（2022全國(guó)乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.5.（2021新高考II卷）Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.【答案】1.arrival。句意：從2017年6月開始，就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來之前，我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說英語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是冠詞，空后是介詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作介詞before的賓語，arrive的名詞形式是arrival，不可數(shù)名詞。故填arrival。2.warning。句意：然而，卡森的主題是對(duì)環(huán)境破壞的更嚴(yán)重警告。形容詞weighty后接名詞形式。根據(jù)句中不定冠詞a可知，用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填tection。句意：曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾，以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意和空前的形容詞environmental可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞protection，作賓語，protection表示“保護(hù)”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。4.responsibility。句意：中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。5.representative。句意：一位公司代表回信告訴我，該航空公司將把每天1200個(gè)航班的塑料杯換成紙杯。該空作句子主語，用名詞，前面有不定冠詞修飾，用名詞單數(shù)，所以填representative?？键c(diǎn)清單六、名詞分類及句法功能要點(diǎn)精講1：名詞分類要點(diǎn)精講2：名詞句法功能1.作主語Theyoungwomanplayedanimportantpartinthematter.那年輕女人在這件事上舉足輕重。HisgrandpajoinedtheRedArmyattheageoffifteen.他爺爺十五歲時(shí)參加紅軍。2.作賓語（1）作及物動(dòng)詞的直接賓語Imetyourelderbrotherinthestreet。我在街上碰見你哥哥了。HaveyoufinishedthelettertoJane?你寫完給珍的信了嗎？（2）作及物動(dòng)詞的間接賓語。Itoldmystudentsafunnystory.我給學(xué)生們講一個(gè)有趣的故事。Sheaskedthedoctoranotherquestion.她問了醫(yī)生另一個(gè)問題。（3）作介詞的賓語。After20years’traveling,hesettleddowninLiangxiang.二十年的流浪后,他在良鄉(xiāng)定居。Doyoustillaskyourparentsformoney?你還向爸媽要錢嗎？3.作表語It’sagoodideatoplanttreeshere.在這里栽些樹是個(gè)好主意。Sheisnowaprofessorwhileherhusbandremainsaworker.也現(xiàn)在是教授而丈夫仍是個(gè)工人。4.作賓語的補(bǔ)足語TheyelectedTomheadoftheworkshop.他們推選湯姆當(dāng)車間的頭。（職務(wù)名詞作賓補(bǔ)前面不加冠詞）TheoldmancalledmyuncleXiaoLi.老人喊我叔叔小李。5.作定語（1）直接作定語,通常用單數(shù)形式。collegestudents大學(xué)生girlfriend女友vegetablegarden菜園basketballmatch籃球賽Let’sstopbythebookstoreonthewayhome.回家的路上，我們的書店停一下吧！Heboughttheshoesinthatshoeshop.這雙鞋他是在那個(gè)鞋店買的。（2）名詞所有格作定語。students’books學(xué)生用書China’scapital中國(guó)的首都theworld’spopulation世界人口（3）man，woman，gentleman作定語man，woman，gentleman作定語時(shí)可以用單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，但必須隨所修飾名詞的數(shù)而定。Hesaidthattwowomendoctorswouldcometoourvillagethenextday.他說明天有兩個(gè)女醫(yī)生到我們村子來。Therearemanymenteachersinourschool.我們學(xué)校有很多男教師。（4）某些常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞用作定語某些常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，當(dāng)它們用作定語時(shí)，也須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。armsproduction武器生產(chǎn)clothesshop服裝商店salesdepartment營(yíng)業(yè)部agoodstrain貨車savingsbank儲(chǔ)蓄所foreignlanguagesdepartment外語系（5）單位名稱、報(bào)紙、廣播、電視等的標(biāo)題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語。LearningSkillscenter學(xué)習(xí)技巧交流中心TheBoysClub男孩俱樂部（6）表示類別時(shí)名詞直接作定語還是用所有格作定語一定要嚴(yán)格遵守習(xí)慣。apeasantfamily/boy(peasant習(xí)慣直接作定語)aworker’sfamily(worker習(xí)慣用所有格作定語)（7）兩種定語有時(shí)并存但意義不一樣。womendrivers女司機(jī)thewoman’sdriver這位婦女的司機(jī)girlfriend女朋友thegirl’sfriend這女孩的朋友mothertongue母語mother’stongue母親的舌頭（8）名詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)被修飾成分的內(nèi)容或職能，與其同根的形容詞作定語則強(qiáng)調(diào)特點(diǎn)或?qū)傩詆oldwatch金表(指手表是含金的)goldenwatch金色的表(指表是金色的，但不一定含金)6.作狀語時(shí)間名詞、數(shù)量名詞、距離名詞等有時(shí)可以作狀語。Thesoldierswalked50kilometersatanight.戰(zhàn)士們一夜行軍五十公里Yoursuitcaseweighs10kilograms.你的手提箱重10千克?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】請(qǐng)用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”2.Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.3.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.4.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.5.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.【答案】1.inconvenience。考查名詞。句意：“我必須等待工作人員寫下我的信息，這比掃描代碼造成了更多的不便。”此處表示“不便”，需用inconvenience作賓語。故填plaint。所給詞complain是動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空前有不定冠詞a修飾，應(yīng)用名詞complaint作動(dòng)詞make的賓語，makeacomplaintabout"就……提出投訴"。故填complaint。3.recovery?？疾槊~，句意：那位上周出了車禍的老人在醫(yī)院手術(shù)后完全康復(fù)了。作賓語應(yīng)用名詞recovery，不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)，故填recovery。4.relief?？疾槊~。句意：即使是30分鐘的跑步也能緩解疼痛和緊張。根據(jù)句意及英文提示可知，所填空應(yīng)用名詞作賓語，"relieve"，動(dòng)詞，意為"減輕；緩和"，其名詞形式為"relief"，不可數(shù)，故填relief。5.description。考查名詞。句意：她無法向警方描述襲擊者的模樣，因?yàn)樗挥浀米约荷砩习l(fā)生了什么事。根據(jù)句意和空前的冠詞a可知，空處填名詞，“描述”的名詞為description.。故填description。分類訓(xùn)練（一）單句填空（高考真題）【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！?024題組】1.(2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.1.engineering。解析：考查名詞。句意：最新的工程技術(shù)被用來創(chuàng)造一個(gè)同樣美麗的保護(hù)功能結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知，空處考查短語engineeringtechniques，意為“工程技術(shù)”，符合句意。故填engineering。2.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.2.favorites。解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：這些植物包括現(xiàn)代西方最受喜愛的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可數(shù)名詞，意為“特別受喜愛的東西”，根據(jù)空后suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填favorites。3.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.3.richness。解析：考查名詞。句意：MarkWoodruff補(bǔ)充說：“這是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的最高成就，在絲綢之路的盡頭，中國(guó)亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場(chǎng)，這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國(guó)，定義了英國(guó)園藝的豐富和榮耀?！笨仗幣cglory并列，應(yīng)用名詞形式richness，作介詞of的賓語。故填richness。4.（2024浙江1月卷）Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.4.criticism。解析：考查名詞。句意：許多超市不再進(jìn)行“買一送一”的促銷活動(dòng)，因?yàn)橛腥伺u(píng)這種活動(dòng)會(huì)造成浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)“thattheyleadtowaste”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞criticism表示“批評(píng)”作賓語。故填criticism。5.（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon___57___(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.5.themes。解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：莎士比亞故居信托基金會(huì)的研究主管PaulEdmondson說，盡管他們從未見過面，但他們的作品中都有共同的主題。本句為“therebe”句型，為倒裝句，根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞“are”可判斷，本句主語為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填themes。6.（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___62___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.6.visibility。解析：考查名詞。句意：Edmondson說，這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國(guó)際知名度，并補(bǔ)充說，游客們穿過故居花園時(shí)，常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。形容詞international后接名詞形式，visibility“知名度”為不可數(shù)名詞作賓語。故填visibility。7.（2024全國(guó)甲卷）Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatchourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).7.treasures。解析：考查名詞。句意：它們是美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的瑰寶。treasure表示“寶藏”，為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合前文theyare，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填treasures。8.（2024全國(guó)甲卷）Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.8.completion。解析：考查名詞。句意：他們都同意了，并發(fā)誓要在旅行結(jié)束后推廣這個(gè)想法。冠詞修飾名詞，本空應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，complete名詞形式為completion，不可數(shù)，故填completion。9.(2023新課標(biāo)II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe__________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.9.arrival。解析：考查名詞。句意：從2017年6月開始，就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來之前，我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說英語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是冠詞，空后是介詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作介詞before的賓語，arrive的名詞形式是arrival，不可數(shù)名詞。故填arrival?！?023題組】10.（2023全國(guó)甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.10.warning。解析：考查名詞。句意：然而，卡森的主題是對(duì)環(huán)境破壞的更嚴(yán)重警告。形容詞weighty后接名詞形式。根據(jù)句中不定冠詞a可知，用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填warning。11.（2023新課標(biāo)II卷）Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.11.interviews。解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：他們還需要準(zhǔn)備好用英語接受國(guó)際記者的采訪。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是動(dòng)詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，interview意為“采訪”為可數(shù)名詞，不止一段采訪，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填interviews。12.（2023全國(guó)乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.12.wonders。解析：考查名詞。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一個(gè)歡迎現(xiàn)代生活快節(jié)奏發(fā)展的地方，21世紀(jì)的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空處為名詞形式；根據(jù)下文的“historicalbuildingsofthepast”可知，空處為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填wonders。13.（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).13.events。解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：感謝北京作為中國(guó)首都的悠久的歷史，同時(shí)每一條胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些還跟歷史事件有關(guān)。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞historic可知，空格處需要填名詞，且event為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填events?！?022題組】14.（2022全國(guó)甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).14.protection。解析：考查名詞。句意：曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾，以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意和空前的形容詞environmental可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞protection，作賓語，protection表示“保護(hù)”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。15.（2022浙江1月卷）Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe___________(invite).15.invitation。解析：考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)答案是否定的時(shí)候，她拒絕了那個(gè)邀請(qǐng)。此處需填入名詞作動(dòng)詞decline的賓語，故填invitation。16.（2022全國(guó)乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa__________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.16.responsibility。解析：考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。17.（2022新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,17.populations。解析：考查名詞。句意：GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系，最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。設(shè)空處和and后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞homes并列在句中作賓語，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞population(種群)的復(fù)數(shù)的形式。故填populations?！?021題組】18.（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.18.representative。解析：考查名詞。句意：一位公司代表回信告訴我，該航空公司將把每天1200個(gè)航班的塑料杯換成紙杯。該空作句子主語，用名詞，前面有不定冠詞修飾，用名詞單數(shù)，所以填representative。19.（2021新課標(biāo)I卷）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.19.humans。解析：考查名詞。句意為：一旦你到達(dá)山頂,你所看到的滾滾云海將提醒你我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝疵煨?。表?人類",常用復(fù)數(shù)名詞humans,此處作同位語,故填humans.20.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand__________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople20.watchtowers。解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：據(jù)說你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成，但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T和了望臺(tái)停下來拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。根據(jù)句意以及前文形容詞different可知，此處可數(shù)名詞watchtower是復(fù)數(shù)概念，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。21.（2021全國(guó)乙卷）___________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)21.Activities。解析：考查名詞。句意：那里的活動(dòng)從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對(duì)自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞range可知，空格處應(yīng)填用可數(shù)名詞activity的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語。故填A(yù)ctivities。22.（2021北京卷）Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse_____________(idea).22.ideas。解析：考查可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)。句意：科學(xué)家們還不能完全確定，他們有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”，形容詞作定語，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；idea想法，可數(shù)名詞。故填ideas。分類訓(xùn)練（二）單句改錯(cuò)（高考真題）【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并糾正。1.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)Thebees,butterflyandmanyotherinsectslookedlovelyandbeautifulonthestamps.2.(2022全國(guó)乙卷)Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.3.(2021全國(guó)甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.4.(2021全國(guó)乙卷)Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.5.(2020全國(guó)I卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.

6.(2020全國(guó)II卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.7.(2019全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.8.(2019全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.9.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.10.(2018全國(guó)II卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.【分類訓(xùn)練二答案】1.butterfly改為butterflies2.bicycle改為bicycles3.friend改為friends4.dish改為dishes5.chopstick改為chopsticks6.vacations改為vacations7.job改為jobs8.city改為cities9.chicken改為chickens10.Friday’s改為Friday’s分類訓(xùn)練（三）名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)十六組給出下列各組單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1.glass bus box church brush2.breath path ox mouth stomach3.family factory city country baby4.valley chimney monkey holiday boy5.potato tomato hero Negro volcano6.kilo piano photo radio kangaroo7.knife leaf wolf life thief8.gulf roof belief proof chef9.tooth goose mouse10.child man woman policeman Frenchman11.Roman German human12.phenomenon quiz crisis analysis emphasis13.grown-up passer-by looker-on stand-by editor-in-chief 14.deer sheep series fish species15.works means aircraft Chinese Japanese16.boyfriend girlstudent manteacher womanscientist【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練三】答案1.glasses buses boxes churches brushes2.breaths paths oxen mouths stomachs3.families factories cities countries babies4.valleys chimneys monkeys holidays boys5.potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes volcanoes6.kilos pianos photos radios kangaroos7.knives leaves wolves lives thieves8.gulfs roofs beliefs proofs chefs9.teeth geese mice10.children men women policemen Frenchmen11.Romans Germans humans12.phenomena quizzes crises analyses emphases13.grown-ups passers-bylookers-on stand-bys editors-in-chief 14.deer sheep series fish species15.works means aircraft Chinese Japanese16.boyclassmatesgirlstudents menteachers womenscientists分類訓(xùn)練（四）動(dòng)詞或形容詞變名詞100例給出下列單詞的名詞形式，若有兩個(gè)名詞，先人后物：1.accept2.accommodate3.accurate4.acquaint5.admit6.abundant7.anxious8.appear9.approve10.allow11.argue 12.arrive 13.assist14.appoint15.aware16.beautiful17.bore18.pare20.plain22.consume23.conclude24.consequent25.curious26.decide27.deep28.depart29.depend30.describe31.destroy32.disturb33.diverse34.emergent35.enter36.enthusiastic37.equal38.except39.expect40.exist41.expand42.explain43.explore44.friendly45.fluent46.fly47.found48.frequent49.generous50.grow 51.honest52.ignore53.improve54.injure55.roduce57.invite58.just59.laugh60.long61.lose62.major63.mix64.modest65.necessary66.occupy67.operate 68.participate69.permit70.physics 71.piano72.poor73.possible74.prefer75.prepare 76.nounce 79.publish80.qualify81.real82.recognize83.recover84.refuse85.relax86.relieve87.resist88.respond89.responsible90.secure91.significant92.similar93.starve94.strong95.survive96.true 97.vary98.warm99.wise 100.young【分層訓(xùn)練四答案】1.acceptance2.accommodation3.accuracy4.acquaintance5.admission6.abundance7.anxiety8.appearance9.approval10.allowance11.argument12.arrival13.assistant,assistance14.appointment15.awareness16.beauty17.boredom18.choice19.comparison20.competitor,competition21.complaint22.consumer,consumption23.conclusion24.consequence25.curiosity26.decision27.depth28.departure29.dependence30.description31.destruction32.disturbance33.diversity34.emergency35.entrance,entry36.enthusiasm37.equalilty38.exception39.expectation40.existence41.expansion42.explanation43.explorer,exploration44.friendliness45.fluency46.flight47.founder,foundation48.frequency49.generosity50.growth51.honesty52.ignorance53