專題05 高頻語法之定語從句、名詞性從句與語法填空 （原卷版）

專題05高頻語法之定語從句、名詞性從句與語法填空（原卷版） 一、定語從句 1.思維導(dǎo)圖 2.高考真題再現(xiàn)一、2022年高考真題1.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2.（2022全國甲卷）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.3.（2022年浙江1月）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics__________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.二、2021-2019年高考真題1.（2021.1浙江卷語法填空）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool

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givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.2.（2020新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷高考真題）InancientChinalivedanartist61paintingswerealmostlifelike.3.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.6.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.7.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose___9___aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.8.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto109.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment_started_(start)asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.10.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout. 3.考試技巧語法填空解題策略1.確定定語從句關(guān)系詞的解題要領(lǐng):根據(jù)定語從句中所缺成分來確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。2.關(guān)系詞應(yīng)遵循“缺什么,補(bǔ)什么”的原則(1)如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少主語,限制性定語從句中用who/that;非限制性定語從句中用who。(2)如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少賓語,限制性定語從句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定語從句中用whom。(3)如果先行詞指物,定語從句中缺少主語或賓語,限制性定語從句中用which/that;非限制性定語從句用which。(4)如果先行詞指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語,則用when或where;如果缺少主語或賓語,則用that或which。(5)在“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中如果先行詞指人,則關(guān)系詞用whom;如果先行詞指物,則用which。 4.知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展1：考點(diǎn)梳理引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞；限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)；關(guān)系詞之間的異同及選用?？键c(diǎn)1定語從句的種類(1)限制性定語從句從句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明確，與主句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.(2)非限制性定語從句從句是對(duì)主句或先行詞的補(bǔ)充和說明，去掉后不影響主句的意思，與主句之間往往用逗號(hào)隔開。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞/指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.考點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時(shí),常可以省略,但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人賓語MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主語、賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語、賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主語、賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替換where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替換why原因原因狀語Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替換考點(diǎn)3關(guān)系代詞that和which的特殊用法1.限制性定語從句中，只用關(guān)系代詞that的情況：(1)先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞。IwilltellyoueverythingthatIknow.(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾。Whatisthefirstforeigncitythatyouhaveeverbeento?(3)先行詞被theonly,thevery(正好),thelast,all,any,every,no,little,much,some等限定詞修飾。Chattingistheonlythingthatinterestsher.(4)先行詞中既有人也有物。Thethingsandpersonsthattheymentionedarestrangetome.(5)在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句。Whoistheboythatislyingunderthetree?2.先行詞指物時(shí)，只用關(guān)系代詞which的情況：(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.(2)非限制性定語從句中。Hechangedhismind,whichmademeangry.(3)先行詞本身是that。Whatisthatwhichyouhaveputintoyourschoolbagjustnow?考點(diǎn)4限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語,不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考點(diǎn)5關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別1.位置不同。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能位于句首。Asweallknow,lifeisnotabedofroses.Lifeisnotabedofroses,whichweallknow.2.意義不同。as意為“正如，就像”，引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)人的觀點(diǎn)、事物的習(xí)慣性等意義，主要起承上啟下的作用；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”，引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，補(bǔ)充說明主句的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。Asoftenhappened,theywonthefootballgameagain.Itrainedheavily,whichpreventedusfromgoingout.3.當(dāng)先行詞被such,so,as等詞修飾時(shí)，一般用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。Suchbooksasyouwantaresoldout.二、名詞性從句 1.思維導(dǎo)圖 2.高考真題再現(xiàn)一、2022年高考真題(2022年北京卷)It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine15smellsaredangerousornot.二、2021-2019年高考真題1.（2021.6新高考1卷）GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatle'ssong"TheLongandWindingRoad".

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issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.2.（2020浙江高考真題）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.3.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.4.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada. 3.考試技巧【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語法填空解題策略名詞性從句做題兩步驟第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句;第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞;若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語,用連接代詞;若缺少狀語就用連接副詞;如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。 4.知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展1：考點(diǎn)梳理主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句的基本用法；易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分?？键c(diǎn)1基本用法引導(dǎo)詞類別常見引導(dǎo)詞作用連接代詞what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語、或定語等成分連接副詞how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任狀語成分從屬連詞that,whether,if除that外均有詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，只起連接作用考點(diǎn)2主語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主句主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：(1)從屬連詞：that,whether,if(2)連接代詞：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)連接副詞：how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever2.it作形式主語在通常情況下，that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將that從句置于句尾。用it作形式主語通常有以下四種句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞＋從句：Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……Itisobviousthat...很明顯……(2)It＋be＋過去分詞＋從句：Itisbelievedthat...人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat...已決定……(3)It＋be＋名詞(短語)＋從句：Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat...令人驚奇的是……Itisafactthat...事實(shí)是……(4)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語＋從句：Itappearsthat...似乎……Ithappensthat...碰巧……Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhether...……沒有關(guān)系考點(diǎn)3賓語從句動(dòng)詞+賓語從句Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.介詞+wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewouldlosehiswork.besides/beyond/but/except/that(除了)Haveyouheardanythingbeyondthatheisill?Criticismandself-criticismisnecessarybutthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等+it+賓語從句Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.形容詞+賓語從句I’msurethattheycanmakeit.考點(diǎn)4表語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句叫作表語從句，可接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,seem,look,sound,taste,feel,remain,appear等。表語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：(1)從屬連詞：that,whether(2)連接代詞：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)連接副詞：how,when,where,why2.幾種特殊的表語從句(1)asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句此類表語從句常出現(xiàn)在seem,look,sound,taste,feel,appear等連系動(dòng)詞后，從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。ItsoundsasifyouarefromCanada.Itseemedasifshehadheardthenews.(2)because和why引導(dǎo)的表語從句此類表語從句常用于以下句型：this/thatiswhy...這/那是……的原因this/thatisbecause...這/那是因?yàn)椤⒁猓褐骶渲髡Z是reason時(shí)，表語從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，而不用because或why。Theaccidentthathappenedyesterdaywasbecausethedriverhadbeendrunk.Thereasonforyesterday’saccidentisthatthedriverwasdrunk.考點(diǎn)5同位語從句常見的能接同位語從句的名詞belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word引導(dǎo)詞同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略例句Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecided.考點(diǎn)6連詞whether和if在名詞性從句中的使用1.用whether或if均可的情況(1)whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)大部分動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句時(shí)，兩者均可。(2)it作形式主語，且主語從句在句末時(shí)，兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語從句。Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallstudyabroad.2.用whether而不用if的情況(1)主語從句和賓語從句置于句首Whetherwewillgocampingdependsontheweather.Whetherhewillsucceed,Ican’tsay.(2)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetintouchwithhim.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherhewillattendthemeeting.(3)引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句Everythingdependsonwhetherwehavefreetime.(4)引導(dǎo)詞與ornot連用Hedoesn’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtostay.(5)引導(dǎo)詞后接todoTheyneededmoretimetoconsiderwhethertoholdameeting.(6)有些動(dòng)詞如discuss,decide等后的賓語從句Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.(7)避免用if引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生歧義Letmeknowwhetheryouarecomingtoourparty.三、模擬演練1.（2022·浙江嘉興·二模）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrez,aged53,frombringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombian____61____(child).Gutierrezstartedrescuingbooksfromthegarbagenearly20yearsago.Healwaysdroveagarbagetruckthroughthecountry’swealthierneighborhoods.Overtime,the____62____(abandon)readingmaterialslowlypiledup.Andnowthegroundfloorofhissmallhouseisfledfromfloortoceiling____63____some20,000books,rangingfromchemistrytextbookstoclassicsforkids.Hesaysbooksaretreasuresforkidsinlow-incomeneighborhoodssuchas____64____(he).Newreadingmaterialatbookstoresistooexpensiveandpubliclibrariestend____65____(be)farawayfrompoorerareas.“Thisshouldbeoneachcornerofeveryneighborhood,”saysGutierrez.Hehasaloveofreading____66____hesayscomesfromhismother.Shealwaysreadtohimeventhoughshewas____67____poortokeephiminschool.Sofar,Gutierrez____68____(travel)tobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosharehisexperienceofstartingalibrary.“Tome,thebookisthegreatest____69____(invent)thatcanhappentoahumanbeing,”hesays,addingthathedoesnotrejecttechnologythatallowsbookstoberead_____70_____(digital),buthepreferstoreadtheprintedwordsonpaper.2.（2022·新疆師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)一模）閱讀下面短文，從空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。Beingintherightplaceattherighttimecanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.When____71____abnormalicestormfelledrunnersina100-kilometercross-countryraceinChina’snorth-westernGansuProvince,ashepherd(牧羊人）____72____(name)ZhuKemingbravedtheelementstopullthreemenandthreewomento____73____(safe).Thedayoftheracebeganwithmildtemperatures.Zhuwastendinghissheepasusualwhentemperatures____74____(drop)quickly.Smallhardballsoficemixedwithrainbegantofalltotheearth,andthenZhutookshelter____75____asmallcavehe'dbeenusingforyearstostoreemergencysupplies.ItwasfromthispositionthatZhunoticedamaninobviousdanger.Zhubroughtthemanbacktothecavetowarmhimup.After____76____(light)afire,Zhureturnedtothemountainside,shepherdingfive____77____(addition)runnerstothecave.Unpreparedforthesuddenshiftintheweather,mostracerswereoutfittedinlightweightclothingthatwasnomatchforthe____78____(extreme)coldweather."Iwanttosay____79____gratefulIamtothemanwhosavedme,"saidZhangXiaotao,whowasoneoftherunners.WhileZhuisnowconsideredasahero,thehumbleshepherdsaid,"IamjustanordinarypersonanddidwhatIcould_____80_____(help)theserunners.3.（2022·河南·南陽中學(xué)三模）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AuniqueexhibitionofpaintingsopenedattheShanghaiMentalHealthCenteronThursday—allthe49paintingsarecreatedbythreehospitalizedartistswithschizophrenia(精神分裂).Withthethemeof“l(fā)oudhailer”,theexhibitionofferspeoplewiththementaldisorderachancetoexpressthemselvesartisticallyandallowstheirvoice______1______(hear)bythepublic,officialsfromthecentersaid.Thiscanarouse______2______(aware)andpromotebetterunderstandingandsupportforpeoplewithmentaldiseases,theyadded.“Loudhailermeanstwo-waycommunication.Thesepaintingsarecreatedbypatients_____3_____havebeenhospitalizedforalongtime.Theyliveina______4______(relative)closedenvironment.Sowewanttousethisexhibitiontoachievecommunicationbetweenthesehospitalizedartists____5____theaudience,”saidChenMengyuan,thecurator.DrXieBinfromtheShanghaiMentalHealthCentersaidtheexhibitionalsoaimstoremovethestigma(污名)attached

______6______peoplewithschizophrenia.“Wehopemorepeoplewithmentaldiseasewillbecome_______7_______(scholar),artistsandevengreatscientistslikeJohnNashthroughmedicaltreatmentandagood______8______(society)environment.”NashwasanAmericanmathematicianwho________9________(award)the1994NobelPrizeforEconomicsandwhoselifeas_______10_______schizophreniapatientwasdescribedinthemovieABeautifulMind,basedonhisbookofthesamename.4.（2022·遼寧·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Webelievethatactsofkindnesscanchangetheworldforthe___11___(good).OnApril28,

___12___(country)acrosstheworldwillunitewithonecommongoal:tostandforkindnesstogether.PayItForwardDayhelpsconductaseriesofgoodness___13___(feel)acrosstheglobe.PayItForwardDay,aworldwidecelebrationofkindness,___14___(create)in2010intheUnitedStates,workinghardtobringforward___15___conceptofpayingitforwardtotheworldatlarge.Weareexcitedthatwenowhaveover80countries___16___(participate)

inPayitForwardDaywithover100stateandcityproclamations.Ofcourse,____17____weallhopeisthatpeoplepaykindnessforwardeverydayandmakeeachdayalittlebitbrighter.Webelievethatsmallacts,whenmultipliedbymillionsofpeoplecan___18___(definite)haveadeepimpactontheworld—andonApril28thwe’llsetouttoproveit!Forthisyear'sinternationalPayitForwardDay(PIFD)weareaimingtoinspireover10millionactsofkindnessaroundtheworld.Imaginethe___19___(different)thatwouldmake!Joinus____20____payingitforwardandhelpspreadthewordaboutthisimportantday!5.（2022·遼寧·阜新蒙古族自治縣高級(jí)中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填上1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepeopleofKiunga,Kenya,havebeenforcedtodrink,cookandbatheindirtyand___21___(pollute)waterforyears.In2018,GivePower,anonprofitorganization___22___providessolarenergysolutionstoregionsthatneeditmost,installeditsfirst-eversolarwaterfarm,andit___23___(provide)cleanwaterto3,000peopleeverysingledaysofar.ThesolarwaterfarmturnsthesaltwateroftheIndianOcean___24___cleandrinkingwaterthroughadvancedfiltration(過濾)systems.Themainissueisthatwaterplantscostalot___25___(run),however,solarpanelshavehelpedsolvethisissue.GivePower’ssolarwaterfarmproducessolarenergyusing___26___(it)solarpanels.Theseareabletoproduce50kilowattsofenergyandpowertwowaterpumpsthatrun24___27___(hour)aday.Beforetheirsolarfarm___28___(build),thepeopleofKiungahadtotraveluptoonehouradayjusttogetaccesstocleandrinkingwater.“Just$20providesclean,healthy,freshwaterforonepersonfor___29___entiredecade!”GivePowerFoundationwroteonInstagram___30___(proud).6.（2022·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式（至多三個(gè)單詞）。TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeforthe2022OlympicandParalympicWinterGamessentathank-youlettertovolunteerapplicantswhowerenot____31____(previous)selectedandexpressedgratitudefortheirsupportinthepreparationworkoftheGames.ThelettersaystheCOVID-19pandemic____32____(bring)greatchallengestomanyaspectsofthepreparationwork,andthecommitteehasadjustedrequirementsforvolunteersin____33____(consider)ofviruscontrolandprevention.“____34____youwerenotselectedasavolunteeroftheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsandParalympics,everyapplicantis____35____excellentpromoterfortheOlympicspiritandvolunteerism,”thecommitteesaysintheletter.Manyapplicantssaidthey____36____(move)bythetouchingletterandpostedtheirrepliesonline.AnetizennamedJoleen-kunsaid____37____(they)applicationhadbeenseen,whichwassomethingtobeproudofastheywererespectedbythecommittee.AnothernetizenXigualicommentedthattheirenthusiasmhasbeenrespectedandthecommitteeiswarmtopayattentiontodetails,thus____38____(send)aletterlikethis.AccordingtotheBeijing2022OrganizingCommittee,morethan1millionpeopleappliedtoserve____39____volunteersandnearly20,000wereselected,mostof_____40_____arefromcollegesanduniversitiesinBeijingandHebeiProvince.7.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Englishperfectlyshowsthe“networkeffects”ofaglobaltongue:themorepeopleuseit,themoreusefulitis.Parentsexpecttheirchildren1.(master)English,whichisencouragingthe2.(grow)ofprivateschooling.EducationauthoritiesareswitchingtoEnglishmedium,inparttocontroltheoutflow(外流)ofchildrenintotheprivatesector.TeachingchildreninEnglishisfineifthatis3.theyspeakathomeandtheirparentsarefluent4.it.Butthatisnot5.caseinmostpublicandlow-costprivateschools.Childrenaretaughtinalanguagetheydon’tunderstandbyteachers6.Englishispoor.ThechildrenlearnneitherEnglishnoranythingelse.Researchshowsthatchildrenlearn7.(much)whentheyaretaughtintheirmothertonguethantheydowhentheyaretaughtinanyotherlanguage.Inastudyofchildrenin12schoolsinCameroonlastmonth,thosetaughtinKom8.(do)betterthanthosetaughtinEnglishinallsubjects.Englishshouldbeanimportantsubjectatschool,butnot9.(necessary)thelanguageofinstruction.RatherthanswitchingtoEnglish-mediumteaching,governmentsfearfulof10.(lose)custom(光顧)totheprivatesectorshouldlookatthemanypossiblewaysofimprovingpublicschools.8.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Pinyinisasuccessfultool,which11.(teach)inChinatoschoolkids.Itisnotmerelyusedbywesternerslikeus.IthasprovedtobeausefultoolforChinesepeople12.(they)tolearnstandardpronunciationintheirearlyeducation.Thefirststepistolearnhow13.(pronounce)eachletterinpinyincorrectlyandthemeaningofthetonemarkers.Thenyouhavetodo14.(drill)asmanyasyoucan.Turnthatintoagame.Itcanbe15.(much)funthanyouwouldexpect.Start16.singlesyllablesanddothatalotandthensyllablepairs.Slowlymoveontolargergroups.Understandtheinitial,finalandthetones.Butmostimportantly,17.youneedisgoodfeedback.You’dbetterhavesomeonethatcancorrectyourmistakesimmediately.FindanativeChinese,18.canlistentoyouandcorrectyou.IfyoutakeChineseclasses,theteacherwill19.(probable)haveyoudodrillseveryclass.Dothisveryseriously.Ifyouareself-studying,trytomeetnativeChinesepeopleandaskthemtogiveyousomefeedback.Otherwise,trytobeself-criticalandlistenverycarefully.Good20.(listen)ismorethan50%ofwhatittakestopronouncecorrectly.9.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HaveyouevermetanyoneofyouragefromAmerica?Doyouthinkyouwouldhavealot21.commonwiththemiddleschoolstudentsthere?Infact,therearelotsof22.(different).Forexample,classesinAmericanschoolsare23.(small)thanours.MostclassesinAmericahavenomorethan30students.MoststudentsintheUSdon’twearschooluniforms,andtheyneverdogroupexerciseseachdaythewaywedo.24.wedoexercisesinthemorningtogetherwillmakethemsurprised.Infact,ChinesestudentsandAmericanstudentshaveverydifferentlives.What’sthefirstthingyouthinkaboutwhenyougetupinthemorning?It’s25.(probable)yourlessonsats