Unit4ExploringpoetryGrammarandusage課件高中英語譯林版選擇性

novelistn.小說家noveln.(長(zhǎng)篇)小說adj.新奇的e.g.Theycameupwithanovelplan.breakwithsth與某事終止關(guān)聯(lián)，破除breakwithtradition

打破傳統(tǒng)breakdown

分解；出故障；失??；(身體)垮掉breakinto闖入；破門而入breakoff中斷；折斷；突然停止breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，疾病，災(zāi)難等)突然爆發(fā)breakthrough

突破breakup打碎，破碎；結(jié)束;分手e.g.Youhadbetterbreakwithyourbadhabits.你最好改掉你的壞習(xí)慣。idealn.理想；典范

adj.

完美的，理想的 rigidadj.死板的，僵硬的；固執(zhí)的，僵化的ideallyadv.理想地idealismn.理想主義e.g.Heistheidealofhowasoldiershouldbe.Inanidealworldtherewouldbenopovertyanddisease.rigidlyadv.固執(zhí)地rigidityn.呆板rigidattitudes

固執(zhí)的態(tài)度

在理想的世界里將沒有貧窮和疾病。undergovt.(underwent,undergone)

經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受undergochemicalchanges發(fā)生化學(xué)變化undergotests/trials

經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)industrializationn.工業(yè)化e.g.Newrecruitshavebeenundergoingtraininginrecentweeks.新兵們最近幾周一直在接受訓(xùn)練。industryn.工業(yè)；產(chǎn)業(yè)industrialadj.工業(yè)的;產(chǎn)業(yè)的advocatevt.擁護(hù)，支持，提倡

n.擁護(hù)者，支持者；辯護(hù)律師advocate(doing)sth提倡/擁護(hù)/支持(做)某事Itisadvocatedthat...人們倡導(dǎo)...anadvocateof/for...…的擁護(hù)者/支持者注意：在advocatethat…或Itisadvocatedthat….結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即（should)+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省略。e.g.Weadvocaterecyclingpapersandplastics.我們提倡循環(huán)利用紙張和塑料。Peopleadvocatethateveryone(should)livealow-carbonlife.

＝Itisadvocatedthateveryone(should)livealow-carbonlife.

人們倡導(dǎo)大家應(yīng)該過一種低碳生活。beliefn.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心believev.相信；認(rèn)為believableadj.可信的religious/politicalbeliefs宗教/政治信仰beyondbelief=unbelievable

難以置信地havebelief/faithin...＝believein信任,信仰have/holdthebeliefthat...持有…的看法eran.時(shí)代，年代districtn.區(qū)，行政區(qū)；地區(qū)，區(qū)域divergevi.分叉，岔開；分歧，相異；偏離businessdistricturbandistrict

商務(wù)區(qū)

市區(qū)bendvi.&vt.（使）拐彎，彎曲

n.拐彎，彎道(bent,bent)bentadj.彎曲的；彎腰的，駝背的；不誠(chéng)實(shí)的bend(sb)tosth/sb(使…)屈服于…bebentondoingsth一心想做(通常指壞事)asharpbendintheroad道路的急拐彎e.g.Shebentforwardtopickupthenewspaper.她彎腰去撿報(bào)紙。claimn.聲明，宣稱；所有權(quán)；索賠vt.宣稱，聲稱；要求；索??；獲得makeaclaim索賠；聲稱haveaclaimon

有對(duì)…的所有權(quán)Itwasclaimedthat

據(jù)說...claimthewalletleftinthebus認(rèn)領(lǐng)掉在公交車上的錢包e.g.Theyhadnoclaimontheland.他們對(duì)那塊土地沒有所有權(quán)。Youcanmakeaclaimoninsurancepolicy.

你可以按保險(xiǎn)單索賠。Idon'tclaimtobeanexpert.我不敢自稱為專家。

Itwasclaimedthatsomedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.據(jù)說有些醫(yī)生每周工作80小時(shí)。Shehasfinallyclaimedaplaceontheteam.她終于成了那支隊(duì)的隊(duì)員。Thecarcrashclaimedthreelives.那次撞車事故導(dǎo)致三人死亡。treadvi.&vt.(trod,trodden)

踩，踏；踩碎，踐踏；行走，步行sighn.&vi.嘆氣，嘆息henceadv.因此，由此形近詞:signv.&n.簽名，署名；標(biāo)志，跡象，征兆Lead-inWhoisShelley?PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792-July22,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoets(抒情詩(shī)人)oftheEnglishlanguage.Lead-inGrammarandusage(I)Overviewofto-infinitives,verb-ingandverb-edformsUnit4ExploringpoetryReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.AExploringtherulesRomanticismDefinitionItwasa1.__________________fromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury,involving2.______________________andpoets.TheaimTo3.______________________ofthe18thcentury.Toputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,4._________________andareturntothepast.culturalmovementpainters,musicians,novelistsbreakwiththeidealstheloveofnatureReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.AExploringtherulesRomanticismRepresentativesofEnglishpoets5.________________________________________ThecommonthemeinRomanticpoetryCelebratingthebeautyof6.______________________ThesignificanceThepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneof7._____________________________________WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeGeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelleynaturalandcountrylife.thegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.Gothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetable.SubjectsPredicativesTheaimoftheRomanticwastobreakwith...Objects...,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith......theywerenotalwaysinterestedin...AExploringtherules...theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;...Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.GothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetableComplementsAttributivesAdverbials...,peopleweremadetoworklonghours....aprocesscalledindustrializationAExploringtherulesExploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,...Itwasatimewhen..breakwiththeidealsfollowrigidrulesputemphasisonundergoaprocessindustrializationadvocatedoingtheRomanticeraUsefulExpressions和原有的理念決裂遵循嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則重點(diǎn)關(guān)注經(jīng)歷一個(gè)過程工業(yè)化倡導(dǎo)做……浪漫主義時(shí)期Theto-infinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture;theverb-ingform,acontinuingaction;andtheverb-edform,apastaction.Generallyspeaking,theverb-ingformexpressesa(n)(1)________(active/passive)meaning,whiletheverv-edformexpressesa(n)(2)________(active/passive)meaning.activeWorkingouttherulespassiveTheto-infinitivecanbeusedasthe(3)________ofasentence.Theverb-ingformcanbeusedasthe(4)_______ofasentence.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasthe(5)________ofasentence.*Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerforeachblank.asubjectcobjecteattributivebpredicativedcompementfadverbialWorkingouttherulesa,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fGothroughthenotesonpages95-97.Workingouttherules非謂語動(dòng)詞綜述非謂語動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是有一般體、進(jìn)行體、完成體和語態(tài)的變化，還可以有自己的賓語或者狀語。非謂語動(dòng)詞不是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但是可以作謂語之外的其他成分，如主語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、表語、定語和狀語。非謂語動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。一、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別Observethefollowingsentencesandguessthedifferences.Smokingisforbiddenhere.Collectingstampsishishobby.Teachingchildrenmusicisherwork.Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.TovisitAustraliaismynextgoal.Itisharmfulforyoutosmokesomuch.Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimonsuchacoldday.抽象泛指習(xí)慣愛好工作職業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)未來動(dòng)作具體動(dòng)作前者指習(xí)慣愛好，后者指一次性行為不定式通常表示具體的，一次性行為或者將來的動(dòng)作，表示帶有目的性的未完成的事情。；動(dòng)名詞通常表示一般的，抽象的泛指概念，表示習(xí)慣，愛好，職業(yè)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)等；不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)：動(dòng)作本身；動(dòng)名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)：事件本身一、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后。1.不定式作賓語的特征及分析Iwanttohavearest.Wewouldliketoapologizeforthedelay.Everyonehopestowin.Theydeterminedtostartearly.這類動(dòng)詞（組）主要有：want,wouldlike,hope,wish,expect,long,desire,intend,arrange,plan,decide,determine,prepare,attempt等表示“想要、希望、打算、意欲、安排、計(jì)劃、決定、準(zhǔn)備、企圖等；”ask,offer,beg等表示”要求，請(qǐng)求”等和promise,agree,refuse等表示“答應(yīng)；同意；拒絕”的詞。2.不定式作賓語的特征及分析1）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“承認(rèn)、否認(rèn)、放棄、完成、結(jié)束”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。在邏輯上，動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。Sheadmitteddrivingthecarwithoutinsurance.Hegaveupteachingteachingthreeyearsago.Iwastryingtoquitsmokingatthetime.以上例句說明，動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)存在或發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞實(shí)際上表示對(duì)“已然事件”的處置。2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“允許、禁止、介意、反對(duì)、避免、阻止、延誤、推遲、錯(cuò)過、冒險(xiǎn)”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。這類動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與后面動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：allow,permit,forbid,ban,mind,oppose,avoid,escape,prevent,delay,putoff,postpone,miss,risk等。Wedon’tallowmakingnoisehere,soyoushouldkeepquiet.Therulesoftheclubdonotpermitsmoking.Thegovernmentbannedhuntinginthemountains.Iwouldopposechangingthelaw.Hedelayedtellingherthenews,waitingfortherightmoment.Womenwhoputoffhavingababyoftenmakethebestmothers.3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“思考、想象、幻想、預(yù)期”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：consider,image,fancy等。動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。比如：“考慮做某事”是“考慮”的對(duì)象，做不做某事是“考慮”的直接賓語，而不是目的。We’reconsideringbuyinganewcar.Sheimaginedwalkingintotheofficeandhandinginherresignation.Shewas84yearsoldandIaskedherifshefanciedlivinganother16years.4)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“承受、忍受、抵御、禁不住”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。這類動(dòng)詞主要有bear,stand,resist,can’thelp等。動(dòng)名詞也是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。比如：“經(jīng)受住誘惑”是指“誘惑”是“經(jīng)受”的對(duì)象，“經(jīng)受”的直接賓語。Hecan’tbearbeinglaughtat.Hecouldn’tresistshowingoffhisnewcar.Ican’thelpfeelingsorryforthepoorman.注意：有些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式意義差別很大。forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.regrettodosth.regretdoingsth.stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.meantodosth.meandoingsth.trytodosth.trydoingsth.can’thelptodosth.can’thelpdoingsth.忘記去做某事忘記做過某事記住去做某事記得做過某事遺憾要去做某事后悔做了某事停下來去做另某一件事停止正在做的某事意欲/打算去做某事意味著做某事盡力去做某事嘗試做某事不能幫著去做某事禁不住某事goontodosth.goondoingsth.做完某事接著做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事情綜上所述：

不定式作賓語表示“未然事件”，是將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示主觀意愿。

動(dòng)名詞作賓語或表示“已然事件”，在時(shí)間上早于動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作；或表示“未然事件”,與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)開始并同時(shí)結(jié)束，動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。三、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別1.表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作，尤其是將來的或者有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為，一般用不定式作表語。Myjobthiseveningistolookafterthebabyforher.AllIwantotdonowistodrinksomewater.2.表示習(xí)慣性行為、愛好、職業(yè)等，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而是說明事件的名稱或內(nèi)容，一般用動(dòng)名詞作表語。Myhobbyiscollectingancientcoins.Herpart-timejobisteachingyogainaschool.3.表示主語所具有的特征，令人在情緒上發(fā)生變化，譯為“令人怎樣”，通常用現(xiàn)在分詞

作表語；表示主語被動(dòng)的感受，譯為“感覺怎樣”，通常用過去分詞作表語。

分詞作表語實(shí)際上是形容詞作表語，這是的分詞叫做分詞形容詞。Theresultofthegamewasdisappointing.Thechildrenwereverydisturbing.Iwasdisappointedatthisdecision.Thechildwasfrightenedtoseethedog.四、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別1.不定式作定語往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，放在被修飾詞后面。Haveyougotanything

todothisevening?Mynextaim

toachieveistoearnalotofmoneyandbuymyparentsabighouse.2.動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示事物的用途或作用，放在被修飾詞前面?？梢杂胒ordoing替換，作后置定語。awritingdesk=adeskforwritingareadingroom=aroomforreadingahidingplace=aplaceforhiding寫字臺(tái)閱覽室藏身處3.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動(dòng)的，通常表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；

過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)的，通常表示已完成的動(dòng)作。thewaitingjournalistsadisappointingresultthepollutedwaterexcitedchildrenthejournalistswaitinginthehallthewaterpollutedbythefactory.等待的記者令人失望的結(jié)果被污染了的水興奮的孩子們?cè)诖髲d里等待的記者被工廠污染的水單個(gè)的分詞作定語，往往放在被修飾詞的前面；分詞短語作定語置于被修飾詞的后面。4.tobedone,beingdone,done作定語的區(qū)別tobedone表示“即將被做”beingdone表示“正在被做”done表示“已經(jīng)被做”Themeetingtobeheld

tomorrowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheld

yesterdayisofgreatimportance.五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1.不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別Iwokeupinthemorning(only)tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Theheavyrainlastedaweek,floodingtwo-thirdsoftheland.出乎意料的結(jié)果順其自然的結(jié)果不定式多表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，此時(shí)不定式前可加上only進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，還常見于too...to...,enoough...to...句式中；現(xiàn)在分詞表示一種順其自然的結(jié)果，即前句是分詞動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。2.done,beingdone,havingbeendone作狀語的區(qū)別三者都表示被動(dòng)。表示伴隨可用beingdone，但是一般被done代替。havingbeendone往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前，或表示已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或表示原因。如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或原因，則直接用done.Brandonwasrunningalongthepath,(being)followedbyadog.布蘭登沿小路跑著，后面跟著一條狗。Ledbythelocalguide,theyhadnodifficultyreachingtheirdestination.在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下，他們毫不費(fèi)力地到達(dá)了目的地。Broughtupinhishometown,heknowslittleabouttheoutsideworld.在家鄉(xiāng)被扶養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)外面的世界了解的很少。Havingbeenwelltendedforhalfayear,mygrannybecamefarbetter.被精心照料了半年之后，我奶奶的情況好多了。六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別不定式說明賓語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，側(cè)重整個(gè)過程或結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示賓語的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)且已經(jīng)完成。IhaveseenMillagrowupfromchildhood,soIknowherquitewell.SomestudentslastsawReedplayingnearanInternetbar.Theywanttoseethismattersettledimmediately.基礎(chǔ)自測(cè)Withoutdreams,lifeisabarrenfield__________(freeze)withsnow.The________(cage)birdsingswithafearfultrillofthingsunknown.Youneedpatienceandtryconstantly__________(reach)theremotedestination.________(dig)upmoreclues,hecollectedandstudiedalotofinformation.Itisimportant_________(detect)theimpliedorhiddendimensionofapoem.It’snouse________(read)without_________(grasp)themeaning.When_______(read)apoem,you’dbetterabandonlogicalthinkingtoperceiveitstrueinnerbeauty.Thenovelistdecided_________(break)withtherigidrulesandadvocateinnovation.frozencagedtoreachTodigtodetectreadinggraspingreadingtobreakHeheldthebeliefthathumansocietywasundergoingaprocess________(call)industrialization.Manyexpertsadvocate_________(reward)yourchildforgoodbehaviour.Thenovel________(write)bythisnovelistisacombinationoffantasyandreality.Thischildwas________(fascinate)bytheplotsinthenovel________(entitle)SherlockHolmes.Wemustmakeallowanceforthebackground,evenifheis________(blame).Thisisconsidered________(be)themostgloriousperiodofthenewerawithsocialstabilityandeconomicboom.Thoughmistandfrostarecast,theplantsare________(fill)withvitality.calledrewardingwrittenfascinatedentitledtoblametobefilledRewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.1.Romanticpoetsexperimentedwithnewpoeticforms.Theywereparticularlyinterestedinit.Romanticpoetswereparticularly_________________________________________________.

interestedinexperimentingwithnewpoeticformsB1Page492.Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhentheydescribednaturalscenes.Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhen____________________________.

describingnaturalscenesB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.3.Poemsthatfocusonnatureoftenstressthemomentofinspiration.Poems__________________oftenstressthemomentofinspiration.focusingonnatureB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.4.ManyRomanticpoemsarefilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemes,andcontainrichsensorydetails._______________________________________________,manyRomanticpoemscontainrichsensorydetails.FilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemesB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.5.SinceRomanticpoetswerehighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,findingconcernscommontoallofthemissometimesdifficult.SinceRomanticpoetswerehighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,itissometimesdifficult________________________________.tofindconcernscommontoallofthemB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.BelowisanarticleabouttheEnglishpoetWillianWordsworth.Completethearticlewiththecorrectto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edformsofverbsinthebrackets.B2Bornin1770,WillianWordsworthwasoneofthe(1)________(lead)poetsoftheRomanticmovementinEngland.(2)________(grow)upinthebeautifulLakeDistrict,Wordsworthhadachildhoodthatwasperfectforadevelopingpoet.(3)__________(educate)atCambridge,Wordsworthreceivedhisdegreein1791.Hespentalotoftime(4)_________inEurope.TravellingobviouslyprovidedWordsworthwithplentyofideasforhispoems.In1795,hemetSamuelTaylorColeridgeandthetwotalentedyoungmenbecameclosefriends.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringB2(5)________(meet)ColeridgehadahugeimpactonWordsworth.LyricalBallads,acollectionofpoems(6)________(write)togetherwithColeridge,wasWordsworth’sfirstgreatwork.Itwaspublishedin1798andmarkedthestartoftheRomanticerainpoetry.Wordsworthexplainedthattheywantedtowritepoetrythatordinarypeoplecoulduse(7)____________(express)theirfeelings.Manyofthepoemsinthecollectionwereaboutreturningtonature.LikeotherRomantics,Wordsworthpreferred(8)____________(live)inthecountryratherthaninthecity.Meetingwrittenliving/tolivetoexpressB2WilliamWordsworth:a(1)___________