職稱英語理工類a級模擬40

職稱英語理工類A級模擬40

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

1、ThepoetWilliamCarlosWilliamswasaNewJerseyphysician.

A.doctorB.professorC.physicistD.res

ident

2、Manyvisitorsfindthetempooflifehereverydifficult.

A.kindB.growth

C.speedD.spectacle

3、ThroughoutmostoftheirliveszhumanbeingsperpetuaHylearnandincrease

theirmentalcapacities.

A.actuallyB.readilyC.finallyD.constantly

4、Heachievedsuccessthroughhardwork.

A.reachedB.reapedC.attainedD.took

5、Iamsuretotellyouthatthere1snodanger.

A.ensureB.assure

C.insureD.secure

6、Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.

A.makeB.demandC.postponeD.

obtain

7、Ifweleavenow,weshouldmissthetraffic.

A.directB.stopC.mixD.avoid

8、Thegamerequiresustofindouttwosimplebuteffectivewaystosolve

thisproblem.

A.efficientB.clever

C.stupidD.easy

9、Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.wasteB.buy

C.useD.sell

10>Fiveminutesleft,theoutcomeofthematchwasstillindoubt.

A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.

event

11>Livingindifferentcities,LindaandLisaarestillintimatefriends.

A.closeB.goodC.friendlyD.poor

12、Argumentamongthespeakersattheconferenceisborderingonviolence.

A.isclosetoB.isbeside

C.isnexttoD.isalongside

13、Ihaveextremesenseofhappinessatthismoment.

A.hopeB.wishC.feelingD.

dream

14>Weexploredthepossibilityofclosertradelinksattheconference.

A.rejectedB.investigated

C.proposedD.postponed

15>Itis“easedformetohavemetyouhere.

A.apityB.gladC.sadD.

unwilling

第2部分：閱讀判斷

ChangesinMuseums

Museumshavechanged.TheyarenolongerplacesthatoneHshould"visit,

theyareplacestoenjoyandlearn.

AtasciencemuseuminOntario,Canada,youcanfeelyourhairstandon

endasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan

（成都市的）MuseumofArtinNewYorkCity,youcanlookattheseventeenthcentury

instrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork*sAmericanMuseum

ofNaturalHistoryrecently,youcanhelpmakeabone-by-bonereproduction

ofthemuseum*sdinosaur（恐龍），abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.

Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhen

theycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseums,

forexample,therearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouch,

listen,operate,andexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesfor

himself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeel

athomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstand

sciencewillprobablyfearitzandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseit

tobestadvantage.

Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.

Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.

Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduates,Leon

F.Twiggs,ayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid,"Theyseethingsina

newanddifferentway.Theyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksof

art；theywantarttheycanparticipate（參力口）in.'*Thesameistrueofscience

andhistory.

16、Whenvisitingmuseumsnowadayszpeoplecantakepartinmanyactivities.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>NewYork*sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryisopenedrecently.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Insciencemuseumsnowadaysvisitorsarenotallowedtotouchoroperate

theobjectsondisplay.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Insciencemuseumstoday,peoplenolongerfeelstrangeintheworldof

sciencebutgainscientificknowledgebythemselves.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>InAmericatoday,allsciencemuseumsareopentothepublicandfree.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Peoplecanaffordtogotthemodernmuseumssincetheyhavemoretimenow.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Youngpeoplewhoarewell-educatedlikethearttheycanparticipatein.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

A.thatperson1shealth

B.ascientificanswer

C.scientificresearchers

D.thegenes

E.thefunction

F.thesize

23、TheHumanGenomeProjectistryingtomapallthatmakeushuman.

24、Decodingthehumangenomeisachallengeto.

25、Geneticmutationsinaperson1sgenomemayaffect.

26、Scientistsaretryinghardtodiscoverofeachofthegenesin

ourbody.

A.Formationoficeberg

B.Icebergisbeautiful

C.Coloroficeberg

D.Icebergisdangerous

E.Icebergismysterious

F.Classificationoficeberg

27、Paragraph1

28、Paraqraph2

29、Paraqraph3

30、Paraqraph4

第4部分：閱讀理解

—

U.S.BlacksHard-hitbyCancer

DeathratesforcancerarefallingforallAmericans,butblackAmericans

arestillmorelikelytodieofcancerthanwhites,theAmericanCancerSociety

saidMonday.

Inaspecialreportoncancerandblacks,theorganizationsaidblacks

areusuallydiagnosedwithcancerlaterthanwhiteszandtheyaremorelikely

todieofthedisease.

Thiscouldbebecauseofunequal（不平等的）accesstomedicalcare,because

blacksaremorelikelytohaveotherdiseasesaswell,andperhapsbecause

ofdifferencesinthebiology（生物學(xué)）ofthecanceritself,thereportadded.

HIngeneral,blackAmericanshavelesshopeofsurvivingfiveyearsafter

diagnosisthanwhitesforallcancersitesandallstagesofdiagnosis,nthe

reportsaid.

"IndescribingcancerstatisticsforblackAmericanszthisreport

recognizesthatmanyofthedifferencesassociatedwithracemaybecaused

byunfairsocialandeconomicdifferencesandunequalaccesstomedicalcare.H

Thecancersocietysaidblacksshouldbeencouragedtogetcheck-ups（體

格檢查）earlier,whencancerismoretreatable,anditsaidmoreresearchis

neededtoseeifbiologicaldifferencesplayarole.

“Thenewstatisticsemphasizethecontinuingimportanceofwipingoutthese

H

unfairsocialdifferencesthroughpublicpolicyandeducationeffortszthe

organizationsaidinastatement.

Butitalsonotedadropincancerdeathrates.

HCancerdeathratesinbothsexesforallsitescombinedhavedroppedgreatly

amongblackAmericanssince1992,ashaveincidencerates（發(fā)生率）,"saidthe

report.

31>BlackAmericansaremorelikelytodieofcancerthan

A.peopleinothercountries.

B.whiteAmericans.

C.allotherAmericans.

D.theirancestors.

32、WhichmayNOTbeareasonforhighercancerdeathratesamongUSblacks?

A.Unequalaccesstomedicalcare.

B.Greaterprobabilityofhavingotherdiseases.

C.Differencesinthebiologyofthecancer.

D.Earlydiagnosis.

33、Cancerismoretreatableifitisdetected

A.inanearlystage.

B.inalatestage.

C.allofasudden.

D.togetherwithotherdiseases.

34、Publicpolicyandeducationeffortsmayhelptodoawaywith

A.deathrates.

B.variouscancers.

C.unfairsocialdifferences.

D.biologicaldifferences.

35、Since1992,cancerdeathratesamongblackAmericans

A.havebeengoingupanddown.

B.haveremainedstable.

C.haveincreased.

D.havefallen.

弟一^扁

AnimalTestingControversy

Toparaphrase18thcenturystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededfor

thetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing."Onesuch

causenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimals

haverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespond

forcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublic

andtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersof

theanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependson

publicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.

Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyare

perplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothata

recentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnot

touseanythingthatcomesfromorisanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines,

Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefrom

animalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhave

tosayyes."Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,HDon*t

worry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaning

peoplejustdon11understand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,

understandableway-inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.

Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother1s

11

hipreplacement,afathersbypassoperation,ababysvaccinationszandeven

apet1sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededto

producethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animal

researchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.ScientistscouldHadopt”middleschoolclassesandpresent

theirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,

lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptive

appearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshow

thatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimate

stakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactively

recruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,

whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,but

allwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisareal

possibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembers

ofmedicalprogress.

36、TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke1swordsto.

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

37、Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis.

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

38、Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic*s.

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

39、Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrights

advocateszscientistsshould_______.

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D?strivetodevelopnewcures

40、FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis?

A.awell-knownhumanistB.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrightsD.asupporterofanimalresearch

如第—二^篇植

PlantGas

Scientistshavebeenstudyingnaturalsourcesofmethanefordecadesbut

hadn*tregardedplantsasaproducer,notesFrankKeppler,ageochemistat

theMaxPlanckInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinHeidelberg,Germany.NowKeppler

andhiscolleaguesfindthatplantszfromgrassestotrees,mayalsobesources

ofthegreenhousegas.Thisisreallysurprising,becausemostscientists

assumedthatmethaneproductionrequiresanoxygen-freeenvironment.

Previously,researchershadthoughtthatitwasimpossibleforplantsto

makesignificantmountsofthegas.Theyhadassumedthatmicrobesneedto

beinenvironmentswithoutoxygentoproducemethane.Methaneisagreenhouse

gas,likecarbondioxide.Gasessuchasmethaneandcarbondioxidetrapheat

inEarth*satmosphereandcontributetoglobalwarming.

Initsexperiments,Keppler1steamusedsealedchambersthatcontained

thesameconcentrationofoxygenthatEarth1satmospherehas.Theymeasured

theamountsofmethanethatwerereleasedbybothlivingplantsanddried

plantmaterialzsuchasfallenleaves.

Withthedriedplants,theresearcherstookmeasurementattemperatures

rangingfrom30degreesCelsiusto70degreesC.At30degreesC,theyfound,

agramofdriedplantmaterialreleasedupto3nanogramsofmethaneperhour.

(Onenanogramisabillionthofagram.)Withevery10-degreeriseintemperature,

theamountofmethanereleasedeachhourroughlydoubled.

Livingplantsgrowingattheirnormaltemperaturesreleasedasmuchas

370nanogramsofmethanepergramofplanttissueperhour.Methaneemissions

tripledwhenlivinganddeadplantwasexposedtosunlight.

Becausetherewasplentyofoxygenavailable,it1sunlikelythatthetypes

ofbacteriathatnormallymakemethanewereinvolved.Experimentsonplants

thatweregrowninwaterratherthansoilalsoresultedinmethaneemissions.

That*sanotherstrongsignthatthegascamefromtheplantsandnotsoil

microbes.

ThenewfindingisanHinterestingobservation,"saysJenniferY.King,

abiogeochemistattheUniversityofMinnesotainSt.Paul.Becausesometypes

ofsoilmicrobesconsumemethaneztheymaypreventplant-producedmethane

fromreachingtheatmosphere.Fieldtestswillbeneededtoassesstheplant1s

influence,shenotes.

41、Whatwasscientists1understandingofmethane?

A.Itwasproducedfromplants.

B.Itwasnotagreenhousegas.

C.Itwasproducedinoxygen-freeenvironments.

D.Ittrapsmoreheatthananyothergreenhousegas.

42、Totestwhetherplantsareasourceofmethane,thescientistscreated

A.aoxygen-freeenvironment.

B.anenvironmentwiththesameconcentrationofoxygenastheEarthhas.

C.acarbondioxide-freeenvironment.

D.anenvironmentfilledwiththegreenhousegas.

43、Whichstatementistrueofthemethaneemissionsofplantsintheexperiment?

A.Thelowerthetemperature,thehighertheamountofmethaneemissions.

B.Livingplantsreleaselessmethanethandriedplantsatthesame

temperature.

C.Whenexposedtosunlight,plantsstopreleasingmethane.

D.Thehigherthetemperature,thegreatertheamountofmethaneemissions.

44、WhichofthefollowingaboutmethaneisNotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Plantsgrowinginsoilreleasemethane.

B.Plantsgrowinginwaterreleasemethane.

C.Soilmicrobesconsumemethane.

D.Microbesinplantsproducemethane.

45、Whatisthebeneficialpointofsomemicrobesconsumingplant-produced

methane?

A.Methanebecomeslesspoisonous.

B.Methaneisturnedintoafertilizer.

C.Lessmethanereachestheatmosphere.

D.Airbecomescleaner.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

CarsAreGoodfortheEnvironment

Britain*smotorindustryisplanningamajorpublicitycampaigntocounter

whatitseesasanofficialanti-carbiasandtoimprovetheenvironmental

imageofthecars,accordingtodocumentsleakedtothepressuregroup,Friends

oftheEarth（FOE..46.

TheinternaldocumentwhichwasproducedlastmonthbytheSocietyofMotor

ManufacturersandTraderszsaysthatthe"ultimateobjectiveofthecampaign

mustbetoprotectthelongtermcommercialfreedomofthemotorindustry

andthelifestylefreedomofcarusers!n.

47.EuropeancarmanufacturershavealreadyagreedwiththeEuropean

CommissiontoreduceCOv下標(biāo)＞2emissionsfromnewcarsby25percenttotarget

of140gramsperkilometreby2008.

However,thedocumentalsorevealsthattheindustryissomewayfrommeeting

thetarget.48

Tohelpcontroltheseemissionszthegovernmenthasproposedreplacing

theflatrateannualtaxoncarswithataxrelatedtoenginesizesothat

ownersoflargegas-guzzler（耗油量大的汽車）wouldpaymorethanownersofsmall

cars.49.

RichardBarnetzthesociety'smediamanager,says："Wewillworkwiththe

governmenttopractiseapracticalsystem."50.

AThecampaignwillhighlightthemotorindustry*seffortstoreduceemissions

ofcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）.

BButthemotorindustryopposestaxesonpersonsowningcarspreferring

taxesonuse

CThefive-yearcampaigncouldcostupto￡12million

DThereasonwhycarsaregoodfortheenvironmentisobvious

EButIanWillmoreofFOEsaystheindustry"mayposeaspartnersofthe

government,butitsrealintentionistofrustrateseriousattemptstoreduce

trafficlevels"

FForexample,lastyear*snewcarsexceedanaverageof192gramsperkilometre

--some37percentabovethetarget

第6部分：完形填空

TheDevelopmentofRubber

Hereisthestoryofrubber.Fromtheearliesttimeitwascommon

knowledge51thePeruviansthatwhenacutwasmadeintheoutsideskin

ofarubbertree,awhiteliquid52milkcameout,andthat53thisasticky

（粘的）massofrubbermightbemade.Thisrubberissoftwhenwarm,sothat

itispossibletogiveitany54.ThePeruviansmadethe55thatitwas

1

verygoodforkeepingoutthewet.Thenintheearly1800sztheAmericans

madeuseofitforthefirsttime.Firsttheymadeovershoesto56their

feetdry.ThencameacertainMr.Mackintosh,whomadecoatsofclothcovered

withnaturalrubber.Fromthatdaytothiswehavebeencoatingclothwith

rubberasMr.Mackintosh57,andourraincoatsarestillnamedafterhim.

Butthesefirstrubberovershoesandraincoatswereallsoftandsticky

insummer,and58andinelastic（無彈性的）inthewinterwhenitwascolD.

Buttherubberwehavetodayissoftandelastic（有彈性的）,59verystrong

meveninthewarmestsummerandthecoldestwinter.Thiswasmade60by

amancalledGoodyear.Aftermany61,hefoundthatnitricacid（而肖酸）made

therubbermuchbetter,butitisnothardandstrongenough.Thenastrange

thingtook

62.Afriendofhis,NicholasHayward,hadtheideainhissleepthat

rubbermightbemadehardandstrongifmixedwithsulfur（硫磺）andputin

thesun.Goodyearputthisidea63thetestzandsawthatitdidhavemore

orlessthedesiredeffectthoughsomewhatlessthanmore.Theonlyeffect

ithadwasontheoutsideoftherubber.Itiscommonknowledgenowthatthe64to

makerubberhardandstrongisbyheatingitwithsulfur.IttookGoodyear

fourmoreyearstofindthismethoD.Whenatlasthedidit,hehad65at

all.Everythingofthe