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[模擬]職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)A級(jí)模擬35
詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)帶有
括號(hào)或下劃線(xiàn),請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與括號(hào)
里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語(yǔ)。
第1題:
Theyhave(accomplished)theirmissionsuccessfully.
A.realized
B.designed
C.completed
D.arranged
參考答案:C
本句意思是“他們成功地完成了任務(wù)。"句中accomplish意為“完成”,例如,
Itliesonustoaccomplishthetask.完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是我們的責(zé)任。realize
“實(shí)現(xiàn)",例如,Doyourealizethatalloftheseshirtsarehalfoff?
你知道這些襯衫都賣(mài)半價(jià)了嗎?design“設(shè)計(jì)”,complete“完成”,例如,When
willtheworkbecomplete?這項(xiàng)工作什么時(shí)候完成?arrange"安排",例如,
Ihavearrangedwithhimtomeetattherestaurant.我和他約好在飯館見(jiàn)
面。只有complete意思上和accomplish最接近。
第2題:
Thedoctorshave(abandoned)thehopetorescuetheoldman.
A.left
B.givenup
C.turneddown
D.refused
參考答案:B
本句意思是“醫(yī)生放棄了搶救那個(gè)老人的希望。"abandon"放棄"例如,Those
whoabandonthemselvestodespaircannotsucceed.那些自暴自棄的人無(wú)
法成功。leave“離開(kāi)”,giveup"放棄",如,Shegaveupherjobtolook
afterhersickmother.為了照顧有病的母親,她放棄了工作。turndown“不
接受”,如,Thecompanyturneddownthesuggestionofshorterhours.
公司否決了縮短工作時(shí)間的建議。refuse"拒絕,不接受",例如,Herefused
bribe.他拒絕了賄賂。
第3題:
IhopethatIdidn'tdoanything(absurd)lastnight.
A.awkward
i
B.strange
C.stupid
D.awful
參考答案:C
這句話(huà)的意思是:“我希望我昨晚沒(méi)有做什么荒唐的事”,句中absurd意為“荒
唐的”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A項(xiàng)意為“尷尬的",例如,Yourrefusalputsmeinan
awkwardpredicament.你的拒絕讓我感到十分為難。B項(xiàng)意為"奇怪的",C
項(xiàng)意為"愚蠢的",只有它最符合題意,例如,Whygrumbleatmeaboutyour
ownstupidmistakes?你自己犯了愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤,為什么向我抱怨?D項(xiàng)意為“可
怕的”。
第4題:
Thescientistsbeganto(accumulate)datA.
A.collect
B.handle
C.analyze
D.investigate
參考答案:A
這句話(huà)的意思是:“科學(xué)家們開(kāi)始收集數(shù)據(jù)?!本渲衋ccumulate意為“積累”,
例如,Dustanddirtsoonaccumulateifahouseisnotcleanregularly.房
屋不經(jīng)常打掃,塵土很快就越積越多。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中collect意為“收集”,它與
劃線(xiàn)部分單詞含義最近,例如,wearecollectingmoneyforthefamine
victim.我們?cè)跒樵馐莛嚮牡臑?zāi)民募捐。handle意為“處理”,例如,Iwas
impressedbyherhandlingoftheaffair.我覺(jué)得她對(duì)此事的處理很了不起。
analyze意為“分析",例如,Canyouanalyzethestructureofthesentence
forme?你能給我分析一下這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)嗎?investigate意為“調(diào)查”,例如,
Ifeltimpelledtoinvestigatethematterfurther.我覺(jué)得自己有責(zé)任對(duì)
事情作進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。
第5題:
ThepoetWilliamCarloswasaNewJersey(physician).
A.doctor
B.professor
C.physicist
D.resident
參考答案:A
本句意思是“詩(shī)人威廉姆?卡洛斯是新澤西州的一名內(nèi)科大夫。"physician“內(nèi)
科大夫”,doctor"醫(yī)生";professor“教授";physicist“物理學(xué)家”;resident
2
“居民”。只有選項(xiàng)A與physician含義相近。
第6題:
Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis(standing)orsocialposition.
A.curiosity
B.status
C.determination
D.significance
參考答案:B
本句意思是“人的裝扮能反映他的身份或社會(huì)地位。curiosity“好奇心”,如:
Curiosityispartofthechildren,snature.好奇是兒童天性之——。status
“身份",最符合題意,如:Heisapersonofimportantsocialstatus.他
是一個(gè)有重要社會(huì)地位的人。determination“決心",如:Oursalespeopleneed
determinationanddrive.我們銷(xiāo)售人員需要決心和干勁。significance"重
要性”,如:Couldyouexplaintomethesignificanceofthispartofthe
contract?你能給我解釋一下合同這一部分的含義嗎?
第7題:
Thetravelerswerereadytoenjoythespectaculartidalwaveswhen
suddenlyathickfogcameupand(obscured)thewholescene.
A.blurred
B.belittled
C.banned
D.collapsed
參考答案:A
本句意思是“游客正準(zhǔn)備觀(guān)看壯觀(guān)的潮汐,這時(shí)濃霧飄過(guò)擋住了景觀(guān)。blur
“使..模糊”,最符合題意,如:Subjectiveviewandfactorsalwaysblur
myjudgment.主觀(guān)因素常會(huì)模糊我的決定。belittle"輕視,貶低",如:Her
parentstoldhernottobelittlepeasants,她父母叫她不要瞧不起鄉(xiāng)下人。
ban”禁止,取締”,如:Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemical
weapons.政府已經(jīng)禁止使用化學(xué)武器。collapse”倒塌,崩潰",如:Thewhole
buildingcollapsed.整個(gè)建筑倒塌了。
第8題:
Poorhealthandlackofmoneymaybothbetoeducationalprogress
(roadblocks).
A.restraints
B.stains
C.scarcities
D.barriers
3
參考答案:D
本句意思是“健康狀況欠佳與經(jīng)濟(jì)困難都是接受教育的障礙。"restraint“抑
制”,例如,Heisamanalwaysspeakingwithrestraint.他是個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)拘謹(jǐn)
的人。stain”染色,著色”,如:There'saninkstainonyourshirt.你
的襯衫上有一個(gè)墨水漬。scarcity"缺少,不足”,如:Thescarcityoffruit
wascausedbythedrought.水果供不應(yīng)求是由于干旱造成的。barrier“障礙”,
最符合題意,例如,Heavydutiesonimportsandexportsareabarrierto
internationaltrade.進(jìn)出口的高關(guān)稅是國(guó)際貿(mào)易的障礙。
第9題:
Theyrefusedto(acknowledge)thattheyweredefeated.,z
A.admit
B.declare
C.agree
D.commit
參考答案:A
本句意思是“他們拒不承認(rèn)失敗?!本渲衋cknowledge”承認(rèn),認(rèn)可”,例如,
Heisunwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.他不愿認(rèn)輸。admit“承認(rèn)”,例如,
Imustadmit,it'smoredifficultthanIthoughtitwouldbe.我必須承
認(rèn),這比我想象的要困難得多。declare"宣布",例如.Hedeclaredthathe
wasinnocent.他聲稱(chēng)自己是無(wú)罪的。agree"同意",commit“許諾”,例如,
Hewouldnotcommithimselfinanyway.他不愿做出任何承諾。只有admit
意思上和acknowledge最接近。
第10題:
Wehavetakeneffectivemeasuresto(preserve)ournaturalresources.
A.protect
B.reserve
C.consume
D.save
參考答案:A
本句意思是“我們已采取有效措施保護(hù)自然資源。"句中preserve意為“保護(hù)”,
例如,Saltandspiceshelptopreservemeat.鹽和調(diào)味品有助于保藏肉類(lèi)。
protect“保護(hù)",reserve”預(yù)定",例如,AsIrequiremoneyquicklyImust
drawonmyreserve.由于我急于用錢(qián),我必須取出存款。consume"消耗",
例如,EachyearAmericansconsumeahighpercentageoftheworld,s
energy.每年美國(guó)人都要消耗掉很大比例的世界能源。save“節(jié)約”,只有protect
意思上和preserve最接近。
4
第11題:
Ithasbeenrevealedthatsomegovernmentleaders(ill-used)their
authorityandpositiontogetillegalmoneyforthemselves.
A.employ
B.take
C.abuse
D.overlook
參考答案:C
本句意思是“一些政府官員濫用權(quán)力和職責(zé)獲取非法錢(qián)財(cái)?shù)氖虑楸黄毓饬恕!?/p>
employ意為“使用(方法、材料)等”,如:Thepolicehadtoemployforceto
breakupthecrowd.警察不得不使用武力驅(qū)散人群。take“拿走",如:Ipassed
himtheropeandhetookit.我遞給他繩子,他接住了。abuse“濫用”,最
符合題意,如:Heabusedhispositionasamayortogivejobstohis
relatives.作為市長(zhǎng)他濫用職權(quán)給親戚安排工作。overlook“未注意到”,如:
Theyoverlookedtheenormousrisksinvolved.他們忽略了暗含的巨大危險(xiǎn)。
第12題:
Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,(particularly)
someoftheirspecializedbranches.
A.conventionally
B.obviously
C.especially
D.inevitably
參考答案:C
本句意思是“醫(yī)學(xué)取決于其他領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),特別是一些專(zhuān)業(yè)分支領(lǐng)域。”句
中particularly意為“特別,尤其",例如,Heisn'tparticularlysmart.他
并不特別聰明。conventionally“傳統(tǒng)的”,例如,Conventionally,anewcouple
willdressthemselvesinwhiteinweddingceremony.傳統(tǒng)上講,新婚夫婦
會(huì)在結(jié)婚典禮上穿白色。obviously“明顯地”,例如,Obviouslyheisinterested
inmusicaswellas(in)painting,顯然他對(duì)音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)都有興趣。especially
“尤其是”,例如,Travelisanedifyingexperience,especiallyforyoung
people.旅游可以使人增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)聞,尤其是對(duì)年輕人;inevitably"不可避免的"
例如,Inevitably,aquarrelfollowedbetweenthetwosides.雙方隨后不
可避免地爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。只有選項(xiàng)C與particularly含義相近。
第13題:
ItseemsthatonlyMaryis(eligible)forthejob.
A.prepared
B.trained
5
C.qualified
D.guided
參考答案:C
這句話(huà)的意思是:“似乎只有瑪麗一個(gè)人有資格做這項(xiàng)工作“,句中eligible
意為“有資格的",例如,Maryisnoteligibleforanaward.瑪麗沒(méi)有申
請(qǐng)助學(xué)金的資格。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中prepared意為“有準(zhǔn)備的",trained意為“受
到培訓(xùn)的",例如,Hetrainedtobealawyer.他受過(guò)做律師的訓(xùn)練。qualified
意為“有資格的”,它與劃線(xiàn)部分單詞含義最近,例如,HequalifiedinLondon
asateacherofEnglishoverseas.他在倫敦取得了海外英語(yǔ)教師的資格。
guided意為“有指導(dǎo)的",例如,Iguidedhimtohischair.我把他領(lǐng)到他
的座位上去。
第14題:
Below600feetoceanwatersrangefrom(dimly)littocompletelydark.
A.inadequately
B.hardly
C.faintly
D.sufficiently
參考答案:C
本句意思是“600英尺以下,不同的海域從模糊暗淡到完全黑暗。”句中dimly
意為“昏暗地”。lit此處是light(照亮)的過(guò)去分詞,也有人把它叫做形容詞。
如,adimlylitlane一條昏暗的胡同。faintly“暗淡地,微弱地”,與dimly
意思相近。inadequately“不充足的"。hardly“幾乎不",如,Icanhardly
hearhim.我?guī)缀趼?tīng)不到他說(shuō)話(huà)。sufficiently”充分地,足夠地”,例如,Idon't
thinkhe,ssufficientlydedicatedtostaythecourse.我認(rèn)為他不夠堅(jiān)定,
不會(huì)堅(jiān)持到底的。
第15題:
Youmust(shine)yourshoes.
A.lighten
B.clean
C.wash
D.polish
參考答案:D
本句意思是“你必需要擦擦你的鞋了。"句中shine意為“照亮,發(fā)光”,如,
Wouldyouputagoodshineontheseboots?你把這些靴子好好擦一下好
嗎?polish“擦亮”,如,Eachmorningheshavesandpolisheshisshoes.每
天早晨,他都刮臉,擦鞋。lighten“發(fā)亮,照亮”,如,Theskylightenedafter
6
therainended.雨過(guò)天晴。clean"清除",如,Hecleanedthedirtoffthe
coat.他擦掉了外套上的污垢。wash“洗”,如,Hewashedthedirtoffthe
coat.他把外套上的污垢洗掉了。
閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后列出了7個(gè)句子,請(qǐng)根據(jù)
短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息,請(qǐng)選
擇A項(xiàng);如果該句提供的錯(cuò)誤信息,請(qǐng)選擇B項(xiàng):如果該句的信息文
章中沒(méi)有提及,請(qǐng)選擇C項(xiàng)。
Bacteria
Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasure
ourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredin
microns.Onemicronisathousandofamillimeter:apinheadisabouta
millimeteracross.
Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,
whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thusifyou
enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthe
sizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbe
overamile(1.6kilometers)tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,you
mustlookcloselytoseebacteriA.Usingamagnificationof100times,
onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannot
makeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee
thatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking〃hairs"called
flage11A.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushing
thebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannot
moveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfaces
bysomelittle-understoodmechanism.
Fromthebacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferent
placefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacteriumwaterisasthickas
molassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmal1thattheyareinfluencedbythe
movementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem.Bacteriaunderthe
microscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.
Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthis
wayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecond
themoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;even
bacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachanging
environment.
第16題:
Bacteriaareextremelysmallanditssizeismeasuredinmicrons.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:A
7
從第一段我們知道細(xì)菌是極其微小的生物體,測(cè)量細(xì)菌要用微米。因此本句表述
是正確的。
第17題:
Rod-shapedbacteriaaresmallerthantheroundedones.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:B
從第二段第一句話(huà)我們知道棒狀細(xì)菌通常有2~4微米長(zhǎng),而圓形細(xì)菌的直徑一
般只有1微米。因此本句表述是錯(cuò)誤的。
第18題:
It'shardtoseebacteriaclearlyevenwithanordinarymicroscope.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:A
從第二段第四句話(huà)我們知道用一般的顯微鏡觀(guān)察細(xì)菌時(shí),必須仔細(xì)觀(guān)察才能看見(jiàn)
它們。因此本句表述是正確的。
第19題:
Allthebacteriahavemorethanoneflagellum.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:B
從第二段倒數(shù)第三句話(huà)我們知道有的細(xì)菌只有一根鞭毛。因此本句表述是錯(cuò)誤
的。
第20題:
Peoplehavedonealotofresearchonthemechanismwhichmakessome
bacteriamove.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
8
參考答案:C
文章并沒(méi)有提到人們對(duì)促使細(xì)菌移動(dòng)的機(jī)制做過(guò)很多研究。
第21題:
Bacteriabounceinthewater,becausetheyclashwithwatermolecules.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:A
從最后一段我們知道細(xì)菌與水分子相撞后,被彈向各個(gè)方向。因此本句表述是正
確的。
第22題:
Bacteriaareharmfulforourhealth.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:C
文章只是介紹細(xì)菌的外形、運(yùn)動(dòng)方式等,并未論及它與人體健康的關(guān)系。
概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任
務(wù):(1)1?4題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇1個(gè)
正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第5?8題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確
的選項(xiàng),分別完成每個(gè)句子。
ScreenTest
1EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopick
upsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecan
oftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear,
21countrieshavescreeningprogrammes.Nineofthem,includingAustralia,
Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.
2Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenare
controversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskof
inducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-rays
becausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.
3ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValencia
analyzedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11local
clinics.Afterestimatingthewomen,scumulativedoseofradiation,they
usedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.
9
4ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain'sNational
RadiologicalProtectionBoard(NRPB)predictedthatthescreening
programmewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.The
modelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomic
Radiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.
5Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-induced
cancersis"notverysignificant"comparedtothefarlargernumberof
cancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogrammer,they
say,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000
womenscreened.
6Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancer
fromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreening
beganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.
Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp"optimizethe
technique,/forbreastcancerscreening.
7"Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsof
breastscreeninganditsrisks,“admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.But
hewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.〃0nthebasis
ofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedand
preventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife,That'swhy
radiationexposureshouldbeminimizedinanyscreeningprogrammer.
第23?26題
A.HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman
B.InvestigatingtheEffectofScreening
C.EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels
D.SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation
E.TreatmentofCancers
F.FactorsThatTriggerCancers
第27?30題
A.becostly
B.harmful
C.savealife
D.stillopentodebate
E.reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer
F.reducedtotheminimum
第23題:
Paragraph2
參考答案:
A
詳細(xì)解答:
第二段講到:用X射線(xiàn)檢查年輕女人,就醫(yī)學(xué)上的好處而論,是有爭(zhēng)議的,
io
部分原因是輻射有誘發(fā)癌癥的小小的危險(xiǎn)。另外,年輕女人乳房組織緊密,給予
的X射線(xiàn)的劑量要多一些。因此選A。
第24題:
Paragraph3
參考答案:
B
詳細(xì)解答:
第三段的第一句話(huà)講到:Valencia理工大學(xué)的研究人員分析了11個(gè)社區(qū)診
所用X射線(xiàn)檢查的超過(guò)16萬(wàn)女人的結(jié)果。因此選B。
第25題:
Paragraph4
參考答案:
C
詳細(xì)解答:
第四段講的是,兩種不同的數(shù)學(xué)模型在預(yù)測(cè)用X射線(xiàn)檢查女人誘發(fā)癌癥的結(jié)
果是不一樣的。選項(xiàng)C概括了這段話(huà)。
第26題:
Paragraph5
參考答案:
D
詳細(xì)解答:
第五段的第一句話(huà)說(shuō):研究人員爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō),與被發(fā)現(xiàn)患癌癥及其后接受治療的
癌癥患者的數(shù)量相比,由輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的數(shù)量是很小的。因此選D。
第27題:
Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay.
參考答案:
C
詳細(xì)解答:
選項(xiàng)C講到:早期檢查出乳腺癌可以拯救生命。而第一段第二句講Ifthis
happensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.因
此選擇Co
第28題:
li
Advantagesofscreeningyoungerwomenare.
參考答案:
D
詳細(xì)解答:
選項(xiàng)D講到:對(duì)年輕女人用X射線(xiàn)檢查的好處仍然是有爭(zhēng)議的。第二段的第
一句告訴我們:用X射線(xiàn)檢查年輕女人,就醫(yī)學(xué)上的好處而論,是有爭(zhēng)議的。因
此選D。
第29題:
Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay.
參考答案:
E
詳細(xì)解答:
選項(xiàng)E講到:延緩用X射線(xiàn)檢查的年齡也許能減少輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的危險(xiǎn)。文
章第六段中我們可以找到答案。
第30題:
Radiationexposureshouldbe.
參考答案:
F
詳細(xì)解答:
選項(xiàng)F講到:應(yīng)把受到的輻射降低到最小。文章的最后一句證明選項(xiàng)F是正
確的。
閱讀理解下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題,每道題后面有4
個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問(wèn)題,從4
個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1最佳答案。
第一篇
Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.
Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts(干旱)arecausingfamineand
distressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsare
pollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld,spopulationisexpectedto
doubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofa
widespreadwatercrisis.
Butthatdoesn,thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonot
havetotroubletheworld-ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehave
inthepast.Justaswe'begantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970s
12
oilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomic
perspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfree
resourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.
Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,
governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeans
chargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.
Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwater
inmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,often
thecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation(灌溉)waterinthedrytropics
isthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallin
depressions(凹地)andpumpingittonearbycropland.
Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermore
efficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproaches
towateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousands
oflocal,regional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsof
wateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewater
policy.
第31題:
Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?
A.Onlyhalfoftheworld,swatercanbeused.
B.Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.
C.Halfoftheworld,swaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.
D.Humanityhasnotplacedefficientvalueonwaterresources.
參考答案:D
選項(xiàng)A并沒(méi)有被提及;B是造成水荒的原因之一,但不是根本的原因。在文章中
并沒(méi)有提及水資源受污染的具體數(shù)字,排除C。因此只有D項(xiàng)正確。
第32題:
Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem.
A.isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworld
B.hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefield
C.posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirs
D.isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels
參考答案:A
A項(xiàng)說(shuō),在某些地方水的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)很?chē)?yán)重了;B項(xiàng)說(shuō),水的問(wèn)題被某些領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)
家夸大了;C項(xiàng)說(shuō),水的問(wèn)題給修建現(xiàn)代水庫(kù)提出了技術(shù)難題;D項(xiàng)說(shuō),水的問(wèn)
題被政府組織機(jī)構(gòu)不同程度地忽略了。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,只有選項(xiàng)A是正確的。
第33題:
Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould.
13
A.bereducedtotheminimum
B.stimulatedomesticdemand
C.correspondtoitsrealvalue
D.takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts
參考答案:C
文章中提到“forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,
governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.”除了國(guó)內(nèi)
窮人的用水,政府應(yīng)當(dāng)收取用水費(fèi)用.以體現(xiàn)水的真實(shí)價(jià)值。因此選擇C項(xiàng)。
第34題:
Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto.
A.buildbiglakestostorewater
B.constructbigpumpingstations
C.buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystems
D.channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland
參考答案:C
作者講至“oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation()0M)waterinthe
drytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleproject為干旱熱帶地區(qū)提供灌溉用
水的最廉價(jià)的方式是小規(guī)模的供水計(jì)劃。因此選C。
第35題:
Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshouldbe
takento.
A.guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironment
B.centralizethemanagementofwaterresources
C.increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevels
D.encouragelocalandregionalofwaterresources
參考答案:B
文章最后一句講到“Ratherthanspreadcontrol???countriesshouldsetup
centralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.”各國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)建立中央機(jī)構(gòu)
以負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)供水政策。因此選B。
樂(lè)一'屈
U.S.toStart$3.2BillionChildHealthStudyinJanuary
〃Astudythatwillcost$3.2billionandlastmorethantwodecades
totrackthehealthof100,000U.S.childrenfrombeforebirthtoage
21willbelaunchedinJanuary.〃U?S.healthofficialssaidonFriday.
OfficialsfromtheU.S.government,sNationalInstitutesof
14
Healthsaidtheyhopethestudy,tobeconductedat105locations
throughouttheUnitedStates,canhelpidentifyearly-lifeinfluences
thataffectlaterdevelopment,withthegoaloflearningnewwaystotreat
orpreventillness.
Thestudywillexaminehereditaryandenvironmentalfactorssuch
asexposuretocertainchemicalsthataffecthealth.
Researcherswillcollectgeneticandbiologicalsamplesfrom
peopleinthestudyaswellassamplesfromthehomesofthewomenand
theirbabiesincludingair,water,dustandmaterialsusedtoconstruct
theirresidences,theNIHsaid.
Officialssaidmorethan$200millionhasbeenspentalreadyand
thestudyisprojectedtocost$3.2billion.
z,Weanticipatethatinthelongterm,whatwelearnfromthestudy
willresultinasignificantsavingsinthenation'shealthcarecosts.
〃Dr.DuaneAlexander,whoheadstheNIH'sEuniceKennedyShriverNational
InstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment,toldreporters.
ThestudywillbegininJanuarywhentheUniversityofNorth
CarolinaandtheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYorkstartsigning
uppregnantwomenwhosebabieswillthenbefollowedtoage21.
Someoftheearlyfindingswillbeaboutfactorsbehindpre-term
birth,whichhasbecomemorecommoninrecentyears,accordingtoDr.Peter
ScheldtoftheNIH,whoheadsthestudy.
Thepeopletakingpartwillbefromrural,urbanandsuburbanareas,
fromallincomeandeducationallevelsandfromallracialgroups,the
NIHsaid.
第36題:
Theaimofthestudyistofindnewwaysto.
A.conductresearch
B.trackpublichealth
C.preventortreatillness
D.speedupdevelopment
參考答案:C
短文的第二段提到了此項(xiàng)研究的目的是研究治療和預(yù)防疾病的新方法。因此選
Co
第37題:
ResearcherswillcollectallthefollowingEXCEPT.
A.geneticsamplesfrompeopleinthestudy
B.biologicalsamplesfrompeopleinthestudy
C.samplesfromthehomesofthewomenandtheirbabies
D.samplesofairandwaterfromhospitals
15
參考答案:D
前三項(xiàng)在短文的第四段都有提及,第四項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是“參加研究的婦女及其嬰兒家中
的空氣與水等物質(zhì)”,而不是“醫(yī)院中的空氣與水”。
第38題:
Itisexpectedthatthroughthestudythenation5shealthcarecosts
A.willbeloweredinthelongrun
B.willbesignificantlyincreased
C.willbemorethan$200million
D.willreach$3.2billion
參考答案:A
短文的第六段提到,預(yù)計(jì)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度講,此項(xiàng)研究將有利于節(jié)省國(guó)家衛(wèi)生保健
費(fèi)用的開(kāi)支。
第39題:
Thebabiesoftheparticipantswillbefollowed.
A.throughouttheirlives
B.formorethantwodecades
C.frombirthto21months
D.untiltheygetmarried
參考答案:B
短文的第一段以及倒數(shù)第三段都說(shuō)到,這些嬰兒將從出生前一直被跟蹤到21歲。
第40題:
WhichisNOTtrueofthepeopleinthestudy?
A.They111befromvariousareas.
B.They'11befromallincomelevels.
C.They111befromal1educationallevels.
D.They,11befromallagegroups.
參考答案:D
前三項(xiàng)在短文的最后一段都有提及,只有第四項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象都是懷
孕的婦女及其之后所生的孩子,不可能是所有年齡段的人們。
第三篇
Sleepwalking(夢(mèng)游)
Notallsleepisthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeep,
16
quietsleepandsomeactivesleep,whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmight
thinksleepwalkingwouldhappenduringactivesleep,butapersonisn,t
physicallyactiveduringactivesleep.Sleepwalkingusuallyhappensin
thefirstfewhoursofsleepinthestagecalledslow-waveordeepsleep.
Notallsleepwalkersactuallywalk.Somesimplysituporstand
inbedoractlikethey,reawakewheninfact,they,reasleep!Most,
however,dogetupandmovearoundforafewsecondsorforaslongas
halfanhour.
Sleepwalkers'eyesareopen,buttheydon,tseethesamewaythey
dowhenthey,reawakeandoftenthinkthey'reindifferentroomsofthe
houseordifferentplacesaltogether'.Sleepwalkerstendtogobackto
bedontheirownandtheywon'trememberitinthemorning.
Researchersestimatethatabout15%ofkidssleepwalkregularly.
Sleepwalkingmayruninfamilies(在家族中世代相傳)andsometimesoccurs
whenapersonissick,hasafever,isnotgettingenoughsleep,oris
stressed(緊張).
Ifsleepwalkingoccursfrequently,everynightorso,it'sagood
ideaforyourmomordadtotakeyoutoseeyourdoctor.Butoccasional
sleepwalkinggenerallyisn,
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