湖北省秭歸縣第二高級中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年秋季學(xué)期高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)測試卷英語試題

20212022秋季學(xué)期秭歸二中高二英語開學(xué)測試卷第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AJune18isthebirthdayofmylatesister,Tanya.Shewouldhavebeen49yearsoldthisyear,butthat'sincreasinglydifficultformetoimagine.Sheisfrozenintimeat37.Tanyadiedmorethanadecadeagoandthewoundleftbyherlosshashealedintoascar(疤痕).It'sabigscar.Youcan'tknowmeforverylongwithoutdiscoveringmyscar.Trustme;ifyouhaven'tfounditonyourown,Iwillpointitouttoyou.Iwantyoualltoknowthatsheexisted,andthatshemattered.Whenwefirstlosealovedone,weask,“HowwillIlivewithoutyou?”andwoundsareopenandweeping.Wedon'tknowhowwe'llcopewiththepain.Butthenthewoundsformscars,andwelearntolivewithournewskins.“HowcanIrememberyou?”weask.Somanypeoplearehesitanttotalkaboutmysister.Itisasthoughmentioningherwillremindmethatsheisdead,andupsetmybalancewhenIamsostableandhappy.ButIneverforgetmysister,notforamoment.AndsoIloveitwhenpeoplementionTanya'sname.Occasionally,Ieacrossoneofherfriends,andtheycasuallybringupamemory,anditislikeagift.Soifyouhavefriendswhohavelostlovedones,pleasedon'tavoidtalkingabouttheirlovedone.Youwon'tremindthemoftheirloss,becauseitisalwaysthere.Theyhaven'tforgottentheirscar.Theyjustdon'tpointitouttoyou.Instead,trytoreassure(使安心)themtheirlovedoneisnotforgotten.Askquestionsaboutthedeceased(逝去的）person'slife.Keepthemaliveintheonlywayyoucanafterapersonisgone,withyourwordsandyourmemories.Ilovehearingfromfriendsonmysister'sbirthday,Itmakesherpresent,despiteherabsence.Itremindsusallthatshewashere.Shewalkedthisearth.Shewasloved,andshemattered.AndonJune18,Iembrace(欣然接受)myscar.1.Whatdoes“it”inparagraph2referto?A.Thedeathoftheauthor'ssister.B.Theauthor'ssister'sbirthday.C.The“scar"intheauthor'sheart.D.Theauthor'sloveforhersister.2.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenpeoplementionhersister?A.Shebeesupsetaboutit.B.Sheworriesthatshemustdefendhersister.C.Shedoesn'tknowhowtodealwithit.D.Sheishappytoberemindedofhersister.3.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhentalkingtothosewholostlovedones?A.Avoidtalkingaboutthepersonwhodied.B.Keepthempanyaslongasyoucan.C.Helpthemtoforgettheirpainfulscars.D.Talkwiththemaboutthepersonwhodied.【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者失去妹妹后，心上留下一個很深的傷疤并以此建議我們在與失去親人的人交談時應(yīng)該和他們談?wù)勀莻€死去的人?！?題詳解】指代猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Tanyadiedmorethanadecadeagoandthewoundleftbyherlosshashealedintoascar(疤痕).It'sabigscar.Youcan'tknowmeforverylongwithoutdiscoveringmyscar.”（坦尼婭十多年前去世了，她去世給我留下的傷口已經(jīng)愈合成一道疤痕。這是一個大傷疤。你不可能認(rèn)識我很長時間而不發(fā)現(xiàn)我的傷疤。）可猜測，第二段中的“it”指的是作者妹妹去世這件事給作者造成的心中的“傷疤”。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“AndsoIloveitwhenpeoplementionTanya'sname.”（所以我喜歡人們提到坦尼婭的名字。）可知，作者很喜歡人們提到妹妹，換句話說，當(dāng)人們提到她的妹妹時，作者很高興她的妹妹被提及。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Soifyouhavefriendswhohavelostlovedones,pleasedon'tavoidtalkingabouttheirlovedone.Youwon'tremindthemoftheirloss,becauseitisalwaysthere.”（所以，如果你有朋友失去了親人，請不要回避談?wù)撍麄兊挠H人。你不會讓他們想起失去，因?yàn)槭ヒ恢倍荚?。）可知，作者建議我們在與失去親人的人交談時，不要回避談?wù)撍麄兊挠H人，而是應(yīng)該和他們談?wù)勀莻€死去的人。故選D。BDesignedexclusively(專門地)forschool,education,ormunitygroups,theseorganizedtoursofferagreatintroductiontoStanfordUniversity.Grouptoursinclude:TheMainQuad,MemorialChurch,andWhiteABOUTTHETOURDuration:1hourCostThechargeforgrouptoursvariesdependingonthesizeandtypeofgroup.GroupTourRates:SchoolsandnonprofitorganizationsGroupSizeTourFee925＄40.002650＄55.005175＄75.0076100＄95.00ScheduleGrouptoursforwinterandspring2021willbeavailableat:Winter（DecFeb)（TuesThurs)Spring（MarJune)（TuesThurs)10:30am10:30am1:00pm1:00pm2:30pm2:30pm3:30pmForreservations,pleasefollowthestepsprovidedbelowinthesectionlabeledReservations.Forquestions,pleasecontact:grouptour@,orcall(555)7253335.SummerSchedule:Grouptoursduringthesummersessioncaterto(面向)Stanfordrunprogramsandeducationalgroupsonly.TheSummer2021GroupTourschedulewillbepostedinthespring.Reservations（預(yù)約）Allgroupsofnineormorepeoplemustreserveinadvance.Asarule,wegivefirstpriority(優(yōu)先）toacademicgroupsdomesticorinternationalthataresponsored(贊助)bytheschoolorinstitutionitself.Wealsoprioritizebydatestherequestsaresentin.Wenolongerbookgrouptoursthroughthirdparties(agencies,touroperators).Torequestagrouptour,pleaseemailusatgrouptour@withthefollowinginformation:Yournameandcontactinformation(email,officephoneandcellphonenumber)·Nameanddescriptionofyourgroup·Totalsizeofgroup(studentsandchaperones)·Natureofvisit·Dayofvisitcontactnumberforgroup·Preferreddates(fromthecurrentavailabilityabove)Wenolongeracceptnewreservationsbyphone.Ifyouareingtocampuswithagroupof8orfewer,youmayjoinoneofourCampusWalkingToursnoreservationisrequired.Additionalinformation:AlltoursareconductedinEnglish,andvisitinggroupswithnonEnglishspeakingparticipantsmustprovidetheirowninterpreter(s)(譯員）.4.Ifagroupof30highschoolstudentsplantotouraroundStanfordA.$40.00 B.$55.00 C.$75.00 D.$95.005.WhichtimeisavailableforgroupswishingtovisitStanfordA.10:30am,Friday. B.1:00pm,Tuesday. C.1:30pm,Wednesday. D.3:30pm,Saturday.6.HowdopeoplemakeanappointmentforagrouptouraroundStanford?ABywritinganemail. B.Bymakingacall.C.ByregisteringontheStanfordwebsite. D.Bybookingitattravelagencies.7.Whatshouldyoudowhenmakingareservation?A.Tellwhatlanguageyourgroupneeds.B.Submitphotosofallgroupmembers.C.Chooseapreferreddateforthetour.D.ChoosewhethertojoininCampusWalkingTours.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了參加斯坦福的團(tuán)體游預(yù)訂的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格的第四行“2650＄55.00”可知，如果一個由30名高中生組成的旅游團(tuán)計劃游覽斯坦福大學(xué)，他們總共要付$55.00。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Schedule下的表格“Spring（MarJune)（TuesThurs)”可知，春季旅行團(tuán)包括三月到六月排在周二和周四，所以希望2021年5月訪問斯坦福大學(xué)校園的團(tuán)體可以在星期二下午1點(diǎn)訪問。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Reservations（預(yù)約）下的第二段“Torequestagrouptour,pleaseemailusatgrouptour@withthefollowinginformation（如需組團(tuán)，請發(fā)郵件至grouptour@，并提供以下信息）”可知，人們通過寫電子郵件預(yù)約參加斯坦福的團(tuán)體游。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Reservations（預(yù)約）下的最后一個黑點(diǎn)“·Preferreddates(fromthecurrentavailabilityabove)（·首選日期(從以上當(dāng)前可用日期)）”可知，預(yù)訂時應(yīng)該選擇一個合適的旅行日期。故選C。CGlobalwarmingdoesmorethanjustkillplantspecies—italsochangesthewayplantsgrow.ResearchersatMartinLutherUniversityHalle—Wittenberg(MLU)joinedforceswiththeLeibnizInstituteforPlantBiochemistry(IPB)todiscoverthemolecular(分子)processofplantgrowth.InCurrentBiology,ascientificjournal,theypresentedtheirfindingsonhightemperatureplantgrowth.Thiscouldleadtodevelopingplantsthatcansurviveglobalwarming.Plantsreacttoevensmalltemperaturechanges,buttheyareunabletomovetonewlocations.“Whentemperaturesrise,plantsgrowtaller...tocoolthemselvesoff.Theirstemsbeetaller,andtheirleavesbeenarrowerandgrowfartherapart.Yet,thismakestheplantmoreunstableoverall,”explainsProfessorMarcelQuint,anagriculturalscientistatMLU.Unstableplantsbendfasterintherainandproducelessfoodthat’salsolessnutritious.There’sstilllotstolearnaboutplantreactionstotemperatures.“Wearejuststartingtounderstandhowplantsfeelthechangesintemperature...,”Quintsays.Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheprotein(蛋白質(zhì))PIF4directlycontrolsplantgrowthandisalsodependentontemperature.Whenit’scold,PIF4islessactive,meaningtheplantdoesn’tgrow.Athighertemperatures,PIF4activatesgrowthpromotinggenes,andtheplantgrowstaller.Thisisnewinformation,saysQuint.Tounderstandit,theystudiedthegrowthofthalecress(擬南芥)seedlings.Normally,itsseedlingsformshortstemsat20℃.Thesestemsbeemuchlongerat28℃.Theydiscoveredahormone(荷爾蒙)thatactivatesthePIF4athightemperatures,thusproducingtheprotein.Thefindingsmayhelptodevelopplantsthatremainstableevenathightemperaturesandproducemanycrops.8.WhydidtheresearchersatMLUandIPBconducttheirresearch?A.Tostudythenegativeeffectsofglobalwarming.B.Tofindouthowplantshelpreduceglobalwarming.C.Toobservehowglobalwarmingaffectsplantgrowth.D.Tounderstandthewaysthatplantscauseglobalwarming.9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Lowtemperatureshavelittleimpactonplants.B.Plantspreferdryweathertorainyweather.C.Plantsareverysensitivetochangeinsoil.D.Hightemperaturesreducecropproduction.10.WhatdoweknowaboutPIF4?A.Itmainlyexistsinthalecressseedlings.B.Itworksdifferentlyatdifferenttemperatures.C.Itisakindofgenethatcontrolsplantgrowth.D.Itisaplanthormonethatworksathightemperatures.11.Whowillprobablybenefitmostfromthefindings?A.Farmers. B.Teachers.C.Researchers. D.Environmentalists.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述全球變暖不僅僅殺死了植物物種，它還改變了植物的生長方式，有的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，全球變暖導(dǎo)致農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少，且營養(yǎng)含量降低。因此研究人員研究植物的生長過程，并發(fā)現(xiàn)在更高的溫度下，PIF4激活促進(jìn)生長的基因，植物就會長高。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于培育即使在高溫下也能保持穩(wěn)定的植物，并生產(chǎn)出許多農(nóng)作物?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ResearchersatMartinLutherUniversityHalle—Wittenberg(MLU)joinedforceswiththeLeibnizInstituteforPlantBiochemistry(IPB)todiscoverthemolecular(分子)processofplantgrowth.InCurrentBiology,ascientificjournal,theypresentedtheirfindingsonhightemperatureplantgrowth.Thiscouldleadtodevelopingplantsthatcansurviveglobalwarming.”哈雷維滕貝格馬丁路德大學(xué)(MLU)的研究人員與萊布尼茨植物生物化學(xué)研究所(IPB)合作，發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物生長的分子過程。在科學(xué)雜志《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》上，他們展示了他們關(guān)于高溫植物生長的發(fā)現(xiàn)。這可能會導(dǎo)致培育出能夠在全球變暖中生存的植物。由此可知，他們做此研究就是為了觀察全球變暖怎樣影響植物生長的，故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Plantsreacttoevensmalltemperaturechanges,buttheyareunabletomovetonewlocations.“Whentemperaturesrise,plantsgrowtaller...tocoolthemselvesoff.Theirstemsbeetaller,andtheirleavesbeenarrowerandgrowfartherapart.Yet,thismakestheplantmoreunstableoverall,”explainsProfessorMarcelQuint,anagriculturalscientistatMLU.Unstableplantsbendfasterintherainandproducelessfoodthat’salsolessnutritious.”植物即使對很小的溫度變化也有反應(yīng)，但是它們不能遷移到新的地方?！皽囟壬邥r，植物會長得更高……它們的莖變得更高，葉子變得更窄，離得更遠(yuǎn)。然而，這使得植物整體上更加不穩(wěn)定，”MLU的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家馬塞爾·昆特教授解釋說。不穩(wěn)定的植物在雨水中彎曲得更快，產(chǎn)出的食物也更少，營養(yǎng)也更少。由此可知溫度升高會影響植物的產(chǎn)量，故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheprotein(蛋白質(zhì))PIF4directlycontrolsplantgrowthandisalsodependentontemperature.Whenit’scold,PIF4islessactive,meaningtheplantdoesn’tgrow.Athighertemperatures,PIF4activatesgrowthpromotinggenes,andtheplantgrowstaller.Thisisnewinformation,saysQuint.”早期研究表明，PIF4蛋白直接控制植物生長，也依賴于溫度。當(dāng)天氣寒冷時，PIF4就不那么活躍，這意味著植物無法生長。在較高的溫度下，PIF4激活生長促進(jìn)基因，植物長高。Quint說，這是新的信息。由此可推斷，PIF4在不同溫度下所起的作用是不同的，故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thefindingsmayhelptodevelopplantsthatremainstableevenathightemperaturesandproducemanycrops.”這些發(fā)型可能有助于培育出即使在高溫下也能保持穩(wěn)定的植物，并生產(chǎn)出多種作物。由此可推斷，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對農(nóng)民是有益處的，故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題的推斷對象主要包括隱含意思、目標(biāo)讀者、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、文章出處、寫作意圖等。以推斷隱含意義的題目居多。推斷隱含意義，即要求根據(jù)文章的某個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到、沒有明說或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。題干中常含infer（推斷），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推斷，得出結(jié)論）等詞語。解此類題，首先找到相關(guān)信息，然后細(xì)讀、理解相關(guān)信息的字面意義，最后結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。如小題4，根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thefindingsmayhelptodevelopplantsthatremainstableevenathightemperaturesandproducemanycrops.”這些發(fā)型可能有助于培育出即使在高溫下也能保持穩(wěn)定的植物，并生產(chǎn)出多種作物。由此可推斷，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對農(nóng)民是有益處的，故選A。DUberhaspickedMelbourneasthefirstcityoutsideoftheUnitedStatestotestitsflyingtaxis.TestflightsintheAustraliancitywillbeginnextyearwithagoalofmercialridehailing(打車)servicesby2023,itannouncedonTuesday.“WewillseeotherAustraliancitiesfollowingsoonafter,”SusanAnderson,Uber'sregionalmanagerforAustralia,saidatthepany'sannualflyingcarconferenceinWashingtonMelbournewillbethethirdcitytohosttrialsofUber'sflyingtaxis,afterDallas,Texas,andLosAngeles,UberhaspartneredwithNASAforitsflyingtaxiprogram,namedElevate,andisoneofseveralpaniesracingtomakeflyingvehiclesareality.OtherbignamesinthebusinessincludeRollsRoyceandBoeing.Evenasitworksondevelopingautonomous,electricflyingvehicles–whicharestillseveralyearsawayUberistakingitsservicetotheskiesinotherways.ThepanywillstartahelicopterserviceonJuly9,takingpassengersfromManhattantoJFKButtherollout(首次展示)ofthatserviceisnowcloudedbysafetyconcernsaboutincreasedairtrafficincities,followingtwoaccidentsinNewYorkCityinrecentweeks.AhelicoptercrashedontotheroofofaManhattanbuildingonJune10,killingthepilot.ThisdeadlyaccidentcameweeksafterahelicoptercrashintheHudsonRiver.Therewerenodeathsinthatincident.“Forus,itshowstheneedtomakesafetytheabsolutebaseofeverythingwedo,”saidEricAllison,Uber'sheadofElevate.SafetywillalsobeaconcerninAustralia,whereUberhasnearly4millionregularcustomersforitsridehailingservice.“Wewillcontinuetoworkwithmunitiesandgovernmentstoensurethatwecreateanurbanaviation(飛行)ridesharenetworkthatissafe,quietandgreen,”Andersonsaid.12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheflyingtaxisfromthetext?A.Mostflyingtaxisareselfdriving.B.TheflyingtaxiwasfirsttriedoutinMelbourne.C.FlyingtaxiscouldbeusedinAustraliainseveralyears.D.TheflyingtaxisturnedouttobeafailureinAmerica.13.WhydoestheauthormentionUber'shelicopterservice?A.TofurtherintroduceNASA'scooperationwithUber.B.Toshowthechallengesfacingtheflyingtaxiservice.C.ToexplainwhyUber'stechnologystandsout.D.TodescribethedevelopmentofUber'sflyingservices.14.Whatistheauthor'smajorconcernaboutflyingtaxis?A.Safety. B.Management. C.Sideeffects. D.Affordability.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheflyingtaxi?A.Objective. B.Skeptical. C.Disapproving. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。本文作者介紹了飛行出租車的發(fā)展和優(yōu)勢以及它所存在的安全問題?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段安德森說的話“WewillseeotherAustraliancitiesfollowingsoonafter（我們很快就會看到澳大利亞其他城市效仿）”可知，飛行出租車可能在幾年內(nèi)在澳大利亞使用。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“UberhaspartneredwithNASAforitsflyingtaxiprogram,namedElevate,andisoneofseveralpaniesracingtomakeflyingvehiclesareality.（優(yōu)步與美國國家航空航天局合作了名為Elevate的飛行出租車項(xiàng)目，是幾家競相讓飛行交通工具成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的公司之一）”可推斷，作者提到Uber的直升機(jī)服務(wù)是為了描述Uber飛行服務(wù)的發(fā)展。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段“Buttherollout(首次展示)ofthatserviceisnowcloudedbysafetyconcernsaboutincreasedairtrafficincities,followingtwoaccidentsinNewYorkCityinrecentweeks.（但最近幾周，紐約市發(fā)生了兩起事故，人們對城市空中交通增加的安全擔(dān)憂給這項(xiàng)服務(wù)的推出蒙上了陰影）”可知，關(guān)于飛行出租車，作者最關(guān)心的是安全問題。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。本文作者介紹了飛行出租車的發(fā)展和優(yōu)勢以及它所存在的安全問題.所以作者對飛行出租車的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Over1billionyoungpeopleareatriskofhearinglossduetolisteningtoloudnoisesforlongperiodsoftime,WHOsaid.____16____TheUnitedNationshasstandardsforsafelistening.Itisnotsafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan85decibels(dB,分貝)foreighthoursor100dBfor15minutes.Thesoundofabusyroadisabout85dBandthesoundofarockconcertcanbeabout100dB.____17____Mostofusarebornwithabout16,000haircells(聽毛細(xì)胞）inourinnerears.Thesecellsdetectsounds.However,listeningtoloudnoisesforalongtimecanmakethesecellsworktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie._____18_____Somepeoplemightthinkthattheirmusicisn'tallthatloud.____19____Forexample,ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictooloudwithoutrealizingit.Later,whenyoulistentoitatthesamevolumeinaquietplace,itmaysoundunfortablyloud.WHOsaidthe“safelevel”formostsoundisbelow80decibelsforupto40hoursaweek.____20____.A.Thisiswhatcauseshearingloss.B.Butthiscandependonwhereyouare.C.Loudnoisesareharmfultotheinnerear.D.Therearedifferentwaystoprotectyourhearing.E.Alevelof80decibelsisroughlyequaltothenoiseofasubway.F.Youngpeoplearemoresensitivetodifferentsoundsthanelderpeople.G.ListeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloudvolumescanharmyourhearing.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.B20.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了聽大音量音樂的習(xí)慣對聽力有害。世界衛(wèi)生組織稱超過10億的年輕人在聽力方面存在問題，因?yàn)樗麄冮L時間大音量聽歌等。長時間聆聽大音量的聲音可能會造成某些細(xì)胞的死亡。這就是人們聽力損失的原因。【16題詳解】第一段第二句提到“Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing”（你應(yīng)該知道這樣的習(xí)慣對你的聽力有害）第一段通過詢問是否有聽大音量的習(xí)慣展開下文，后文里應(yīng)提到一些不好的習(xí)慣，同時第二段提到“Over1billionyoungpeopleareatriskofhearinglossduetolisteningtoloudnoisesforlongperiodsoftime”（超過10億的年輕人由于長時間聽大音量的噪音而面臨聽力損失的風(fēng)險）由此判斷后文中應(yīng)提到具體的傷害聽力的行為。G項(xiàng)“聽大聲的音樂或觀看大聲的電視節(jié)目會傷害你的聽力”符合語境，其中的“ListeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloudvolumes”都是損害聽力的行為，符合第二段最后一句引起下文的作用，故選G?！?7題詳解】該空處需選擇一句段首總起句。第四段第二句提到“Mostofusarebornwithabout16,000haircells(聽毛細(xì)胞）inourinnerears.”（我們大多數(shù)人出生時內(nèi)耳中大約有16000個聽毛細(xì)胞）可知，本段主要講述大音量對內(nèi)耳的傷害。C項(xiàng)“大噪音對內(nèi)耳有傷害”符合語境，其中theinnerear與后文一致，故選C。【18題詳解】該空處需選擇一句段尾總結(jié)句。前文“l(fā)isteningtoloudnoisesforalongtimecanmakethesecellsworktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie.”（長時間聽大噪音會使這些細(xì)胞工作過度，導(dǎo)致其中一些細(xì)胞死亡）提到了聽毛細(xì)胞死亡的原因，A項(xiàng)“這就是造成聽力損失的東西”復(fù)合語境，“hearingloss”是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文構(gòu)成明顯的因果關(guān)系，故選A?！?9題詳解】該段段首句提到“Somepeoplemightthinkthattheirmusicisn'tallthatloud.”（有些人可能認(rèn)為他們的音樂不是那么大聲）并在后文中列舉了兩個地點(diǎn)“subway”（地鐵）和“aquietplace”（一個安靜的地方），由此判斷在不同地方的音量給人的感覺有所不同。B項(xiàng)“但這取決你所在的地方”符合語境，其中的but與上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且該選項(xiàng)中的“whereyouare”對應(yīng)后文中的兩個地點(diǎn)。故選B?！?0題詳解】最后一段第一句提到“WHOsaidthe“safelevel”formostsoundisbelow80decibelsforupto40hoursaweek.”（世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，大多數(shù)聲音的“安全水平”是低于80分貝，每周持續(xù)40小時）由此可知，E項(xiàng)“80分貝的音量大致相當(dāng)于地鐵的噪音?！狈险Z境，其中的“Alevelof80decibels”與前文中提到的“80decibels”一致，且E項(xiàng)是對前文safelevel的解釋說明。故選E。第二部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Astoreownerwasputtingasignabovehisdoorthatread“PuppiesforSale."Signslikethathaveawayof____21____smallchildren,andsureenough,alittleboy____22____.“Howmuchareyougoingtosellthe____23____for?”heasked.Thestoreowner____24____,“About$30to$50.”Thelittleboyreachedinhis____25____andpulledout$3."CanIpleaselookatthem?”Thestoreowner____26____,andoutofthekennel(狗窩)ranfivetinyballsoffur.Onepuppywaslaggingbehind.____27____thelittleboyaskedofthelaggingpuppy,“What'swrongwiththatlittledog?”Thestoreownerexplainedthattheveterinarian(獸醫(yī)）had____28____thelittlepuppyanddiscovereditdidn'thaveahipsocket(臀臼).Itwould____29____belame(瘸的).Thelittleboybecame_____30_____.'ThatisthelittlepuppythatIwantto_____31_____.”Thestoreownersaid,"No,youdon'twanttobuythatlittledog.Ifyoureallywanthim,I'lljust_____32_____himtoyou."Thelittleboygotquite_____33_____.Helookedstraightintotheowner'seyes,pointinghisfinger,andsaid,“Idon'twantyoutogivehimtome.Thatlittledogis_____34_____everybitasmuchasalltheotherdogs.Infact,I'llgiveyou$3now,and50centsamonthuntilIhavehimall_____35_____for."Thestoreownersaid,“Youdefinitelydon'twanttobuythislittledog.Heisnevergoingto_____36_____andplaywithyou.”Tothis,thelittleboyreacheddownand____37____uphispanttorevealabadlytwistedleft____38____supportedbyabigmetalbrace(支架).He_____39_____atthestoreownerandreplied,“Well,Idon'trunsowellmyself,andthelittlepuppywillneedsomeonewho_____40_____!”21.A.annoying B.surprising C.attracting D.delighting22.A.turnedaway B.turnedup C.turnedin D.turnedon23.A.kitties B.fishes C.bunnies D.puppies24.A.claimed B.replied C.argued D.guessed25.A.pocket B.hat C.suitcase D.shoe26.A.noticed B.admitted C.agreed D.ignored27.A.Eventually B.Immediately C.Occasionally D.Frequently28.A.adopted B.cured C.forted D.examined29.A.never B.gradually C.also D.always30.A.angry B.disappointed C.excited D.puzzled31.A.hug B.buy C.train D.catch32.A.pass B.show C.lend D.give33A.upset B.shocked C.confused D.happy34.A.smart B.worth C.brave D.strong35.A.hunted B.made C.waited D.paid36.A.sit B.jump C.walk D.laugh37.A.rolled B.picked C.lifted D.tied38.A.hip B.arm C.hand D.leg39.A.shouted B.waved C.lookedup D.reachedup40.A.understands B.cares C.helps D.agrees【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.C27.B28.D29.D30.C31.B32.D33.A34.B35.D36.B37.A38.D39.C40.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了一個男孩去買小狗，結(jié)果挑選了一只腿有殘疾的小狗，店主表示可以免費(fèi)送給他，但是男孩拒絕了。他認(rèn)為小狗是有價值的，因?yàn)樗约阂灿幸粭l有殘疾的腿，他說小狗需要一個能理解它的人?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣的標(biāo)語總能吸引小孩子，果然，一個小男孩出現(xiàn)了。A.annoying惱火；B.surprising驚訝；C.attracting吸引；D.delighting高興。根據(jù)“Astoreownerwasputtingasignabovehisdoorthatread“PuppiesforSale."”可知，“小狗待售”這樣的標(biāo)志總能吸引小孩子。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這樣的標(biāo)語總能吸引小孩子，果然，一個小男孩出現(xiàn)了。A.turnedaway把……打發(fā)走；B.turnedup出現(xiàn)；C.turnedin上交；D.turnedon打開。根據(jù)“Signslikethathaveawayof____1____smallchildren,”可知，標(biāo)語吸引了一個小男孩的出現(xiàn)。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“你打算把這些小狗賣多少錢?”他問道。A.kitties小貓；B.fishes魚；C.bunnies小兔子；D.puppies小狗。根據(jù)“____7____thelittleboyaskedofthelaggingpuppy,”可知，小男孩問店主小狗賣多少錢。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：店主回答說：“大約30到50美元。”A.claimed宣稱；B.replied答復(fù)；C.argued爭論；D.guessed猜。根據(jù)““Howmuchareyougoingtosellthe____3____for?”heasked.”可知，店主回答小男孩的問題。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩把手伸進(jìn)口袋，掏出3美元。A.pocket口袋；B.hat帽子；C.suitcase手提箱；D.shoe鞋。根據(jù)“andpulledout$3.”可知，小男孩把手伸進(jìn)口袋。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：店主同意了，從狗舍里跑出五個小毛球。A.noticed注意到；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.agreed同意；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)“CanIpleaselookatthem?”可知，店主同意了小男孩的請求。故選C。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩馬上問那只落在后面的小狗：“那只小狗怎么了?”A.Eventually最終；B.Immediately立即；C.Occasionally偶爾地；D.Frequently頻繁地。根據(jù)“Onepuppywaslaggingbehind.”及下文可知，小男孩立即對這只落在后面的小狗感興趣。故選B。28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：店主解釋說，獸醫(yī)檢查過這只小狗，發(fā)現(xiàn)它沒有髖關(guān)節(jié)。A.adopted收養(yǎng)；B.cured治療；C.forted安慰；D.examined檢查。根據(jù)“anddiscovereditdidn'thaveahipsocket(臀臼).”可知，獸醫(yī)檢查過這只小狗。故選D。【29題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：它將永遠(yuǎn)瘸著腿走路。A.never從不；B.gradually逐漸地；C.also也；D.always總是。根據(jù)“Heisnevergoingto____16____andplaywithyou.”可知，這只小狗將永遠(yuǎn)是瘸子。故選D。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩變得興奮起來。A.angry生氣的；B.disappointed失望的；C.excited激動的；D.puzzled困惑的。根據(jù)“ThatisthelittlepuppythatIwantto____11____.”可知，小男孩想要這只小狗，所以很興奮。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是我想買的小狗。A.hug擁抱；B.buy買；C.train訓(xùn)練；D.catch抓住。根據(jù)“No,youdon'twanttobuythatlittledog.”可知，小男孩想要買這只坡腳的小狗。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你真的想要他，我就把他給你。A.pass通過；B.show展示；C.lend借出；D.give給予。根據(jù)“Idon'twantyoutogivehimtome.”可知，店主想把這只坡腳的小狗送給小男孩。故選D。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩很不高興。A.upset沮喪的；B.shocked震驚的；C.confused困惑的；D.happy高興的。根據(jù)“Helookedstraightintotheowner'seyes,pointinghisfinger,andsaid,“Idon'twantyoutogivehimtome.Thatlittledogis____14____everybitasmuchasalltheotherdogs.Infact,I'llgiveyou$3now,and50centsamonthuntilIhavehimall____15____for."”可知，小男孩對店主的話不高興。故選A。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那只小狗和其他狗一樣值錢。A.smart時髦的；B.worth值得的；C.brave勇敢的；D.strong強(qiáng)壯的。根據(jù)“Infact,I'llgiveyou$3now,and50centsamonthuntilIhavehimall____15____for.”可知，小男孩認(rèn)為那只坡腳的小狗和其他狗一樣值錢。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，我現(xiàn)在就給你3美元，每月再給你50美分，直到我把他的錢都付清為止。A.hunted打獵；B.made制作；C.waited等待；D.paid支付。根據(jù)“I'llgiveyou$3now,and50centsamonth”可知，小男孩為這只坡腳小狗付錢。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他永遠(yuǎn)不會跳起來和你玩的。A.sit坐；B.jump跳；C.walk行走；D.laugh笑。根據(jù)“Thestoreownerexplainedthattheveterinarian(獸醫(yī)）had____8____thelittlepuppyanddiscovereditdidn'thaveahipsocket(臀臼).”可知，因?yàn)樾」窙]有髖關(guān)節(jié)，所以不能跳。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：聽到這里，小男孩彎下腰卷起了他的褲子，露出了用一個大金屬支架支撐著的嚴(yán)重扭曲的左腿。A.rolled滾；B.picked撿起；C.lifted提高；D.tied綁。rollup卷起。根據(jù)“torevealabadlytwistedleft___18___supportedbyabigmetalbrace(支架).”，小男孩卷起自己的褲子。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聽到這里，小男孩彎下腰卷起了他的褲子，露出了用一個大金屬支架支撐著的嚴(yán)重扭曲的左腿。A.hip臀部；B.arm胳膊；C.hand手；D.leg腿。根據(jù)“Idon'trunsowellmyself,”可知，小男孩左腿嚴(yán)重扭曲。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動詞（短語）詞義辨析。句意：他抬頭看著店主回答說：“嗯，我自己也不能正常地跑，這只小狗需要一個理解它的人!”A.shouted大喊；B.waved揮舞；C.lookedup抬頭看；D.reachedup抬起。根據(jù)常識可知，小男孩抬頭看著店主。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他抬頭看著店主回答說：“嗯，我自己也不能很好地跑，這只小狗需要一個理解它的人!”A.understands理解；B.cares在乎；C.helps幫助；D.agrees同意。根據(jù)“Idon'trunsowellmyself,”可知，小男孩認(rèn)為這只坡腳的狗需要一個理解它的人!故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Paddingtonisoneofthemostfamous____41____（bear)intheworld.HefirstcameontotheBritishscenein1958inchildren'sbookABearCalledPaddingtonbyBritishwriterMichaelBond.Inthestory,Paddingtoniskindand____42____（humor).Heisalsopoliteandalwayscallspeople“Mr”，“Mrs”and＂Miss",rarelyusing____43____firstnames.Suchacutebearcaughtpeople'shearts____44____（immediate).HefirstcameoutonTVin1975.He'salsobeenmadeintotoyswithdifferentcostumes.ManychildrenwouldhaveaPaddingtonbeartoy____45____theirfirstgift.Paddingtonissolovedthatit'smon____46____（find)platesandteatowelswithPaddingtonpatternsinBritishhomes.Hehas____47____specialfacialexpression.He____48____（know)forgivingahardstarewheneverhemeetssomebodyhedoesn'tlike.Therefore,whensomeonegivesahardstare,youcouldsaythattheyaremakinga“PaddingtonBearface”.Today,thisclassicchildren'scharacter____49____（grow)intothefabric(組成部分）ofBritishculture._____50_____youwantatasteofBritishculture,Paddington'sstoriesareagreatwaytogetit.【答案】41.bears42.humurous43.their44.immediately45.as46.tofind47.a48.isknown49.hasgrown50.If【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了帕丁頓熊是世界上最著名的熊之一的原因和意義。【41題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：帕丁頓熊是世界上最著名的熊之一。固定短語oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填bears。【42題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在故事中，帕丁頓善良又幽默。連詞and前是形容詞kind且在be動詞后，所以用形容詞作表語。故填humorous?！?3題詳解】考查代詞。句意：他也很有禮貌，總是稱呼別人為“先生”、“夫人”和“小姐”，很少使用他們的名字。名詞names前用形容詞性物主代詞。故填their。【44題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這樣一只可愛的小熊立刻就抓住了人們的心。修飾動詞caught，用副詞形式。故填immediately?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：許多孩子的第一件禮物就是帕丁頓熊玩具。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是將帕丁頓熊玩具“作為”第一件禮物，所以用介詞as。故填as?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：帕丁頓熊非常受歡迎，在英國家庭中隨處可見帶有帕丁頓熊圖案盤子和茶巾。句中it作形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。故填tofind?！?7題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：他的面部表情很特別。expression是可數(shù)名詞，泛指且形容詞special發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意：他以每次遇到他不喜歡的人都會狠狠地瞪一眼而聞名。本句是闡述事實(shí)為一般現(xiàn)在時，beknownfor“因.....而出名”。故填isknown?！?9題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：今天，這個經(jīng)典的兒童角色已經(jīng)成為英國文化的一部分。分析句意可知，這里指這個角色已經(jīng)對現(xiàn)在和將來具有長久現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深遠(yuǎn)影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)。故填hasgrown?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：如果你想體驗(yàn)英國文化，帕丁頓的故事是一個很好的方式。分析句意可知，這里是if引導(dǎo)條件狀語，置于句首，首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)f。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（