初升高英語無憂銜接及新課預(yù)習(xí)（全國）銜接點06 動詞時態(tài)（將來時和過去時）（解析版）

銜接點06動詞時態(tài)（將來時和過去時）（初高考點差異及銜接）初中要求學(xué)習(xí)一般將來時、一般過去時、過去進行時等時態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法，掌握了這些時態(tài)的使用范圍。高中要求熟記各種時態(tài)的基本概念并掌握其用法,另外還應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點:把握各種時態(tài)的特點,注意易混淆時態(tài)間的差異;準(zhǔn)確理解具體語境下時態(tài)的正確意義,捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息;要克服漢語式的思維,排除誤導(dǎo),培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維?！境踔袑頃r和過去時考點聚焦】考點1.一般將來時1.—What’syourplanforthecomingMayDayholiday?—IaboattripintheYangtzeRiverwithmyparents.

A.willtake B.tookC.take D.wastaking答案A考查一般將來時。根據(jù)問句可知是在詢問將來的計劃，答句應(yīng)用一般將來時。故選A。2.Thecompanyannounceditonethirdofitsbookstoresthenextyearasmorepeoplechosetoreade?books.

A.willclose B.wouldcloseC.willopen D.wouldopen答案B考查過去將來時。根據(jù)句意可知，公司要關(guān)閉三分之一的書店，所以排除C、D兩項。本句為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，主句為一般過去時，從句應(yīng)用與過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)，故選B?？键c2.一般過去時1.—Cananyonegivemeanexampleofaneventinthepast?—Ican..

A.ShenzhouXVIwillcomeback.B.QuanHongchanwonthegoldmedal.C.IamtakingtheEnglishexam.D.Myclassmateisgoingtowatchafilm.答案B考查一般過去時。由“Cananyonegivemeanexampleofaneventinthepast?”可知，設(shè)空處所描述的事情應(yīng)發(fā)生在過去，時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時。故選B。2.—MissHu，Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.—Yes.IasavolunteernurseinShanghaiforamonth.Icamebackyesterday.

A.worked B.amworkingC.haveworked D.work答案A考查一般過去時。根據(jù)“Icamebackyesterday.”可知，這里作為志愿者護士的動作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時。故選A?？键c3.過去進行時1.—Andy，whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?—IthefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjinwithmysister.

A.watch B.watchedC.waswatching D.amwatching答案C考查過去進行時。由時間狀語atthistimeyesterdayafternoon可知此處描述昨天下午某一時刻正在做的事，應(yīng)該使用過去進行時。過去進行時的構(gòu)成:was/were+doing。故選C。2.—Whatdoyouthinkofthesizeofthestoragebox?—Sorry，butwhatdidyousay?Iaboutsomethingelse.

A.think B.thoughtC.amthinking D.wasthinking答案D考查過去進行時。根據(jù)“butwhatdidyousay”可知，是詢問對方剛才說了什么，因此剛才對方在說話時，“我”正在想別的事，應(yīng)用過去進行時，故選D?！靖咧袑頃r和過去時考點聚焦】考綱解讀動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點,考生應(yīng)熟記各種時態(tài)的基本概念并掌握其用法,另外還應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點:把握各種時態(tài)的特點,注意易混淆時態(tài)間的差異;準(zhǔn)確理解具體語境下時態(tài)的正確意義,捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息;要克服漢語式的思維,排除誤導(dǎo),培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。考點清單考點一、一般將來時五種表達方法要點精講1：will/shalldo表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，是最常見的一般將來時表達形式。注意willdo還可以表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的自然規(guī)律；表示臨時性決定或打算，還可以用于“祈使句+and+陳述句”中。例1：Ishallbefreethisafternoon.例2：Mysisterwillbe18nextyear.例3：—Georgephonedwhileyouwereout.—Ok.Iwillphonehimback.例4：Workhardandyouwillsucceed.要點精講2：begoingtodo也是一般將來時表達方式，表示推測時強調(diào)說話有充分依據(jù)，尤指天氣變化。例1：Areyougoingtoplaybasketballafterclass?例2：Lookatthoseblackclouds.Itisgoingtorain.要點精講3：“beaboutto+動詞原形”表示打算或據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動作。它不與表示時間的副詞或其他時間狀語連用。例：TheEnglisheveningisabouttostart.要點精講4：“beto+動詞原形”表示約定的、計劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求要發(fā)生的動作，這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意見。例1：Thereistobeaslideshowthisafternoon.例2：Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.要點精講5：現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive等。例1：IamleavingforTibetonSunday.例2：Whenareyougoingbacktoyourfactory?在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.I__________(call)himlater.2.SearchthewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyou___________(learn)alotaboutfirefighting3.Asyougothroughthisbook,you________(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarIIhadadifferentexperience.4.Moreefforts,asreported,___________(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.5.Takeanumbrellawithyou.Lookattheblackcloud,itistorain.單句改錯?！敬鸢概c解析】1.willcall。這里willdo表示臨時性決定或打算。故答案是willcall。2.willlearn。這是于“祈使句+and+陳述句”，陳述部分要求用willdo形式。故答案是willlearn。3.willfind。這是“主將從現(xiàn)”，主句應(yīng)用一般將來時。故答案是willfind。4.willbemade。intheyearsahead表示“未來幾年”，暗示用將來時；同時又是被三一。故答案是willbemade。5.to前加going。根據(jù)“Lookattheblackloud,”可知，根據(jù)某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情，用一般將來時begoingtodo的結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案是to前加going?？键c二、一般將來進行時典型用法要點精講：將來進行時表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，常用的時間狀語有bythistimetomorrow等等。例1：Bythistimetomorrow,Iwillbelyingonthebeach.例2：Don'tphonemebetween8:00and10:00.Wewillbehavingclassesthen.在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe_________(teach)aclassatthattime.2.You'dbetternotphonethemanagerbetween7and8tomorrowevening;he________(have)animportantmeetingthen.【答案與解析】1.willbeteaching。將來進行時表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，at3o’clockthisafternoon是關(guān)鍵。故答案是willbeteaching。2.willbehaving。根據(jù)between7and8tomorrowevening可知，此處是指未來具體時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，故用將來進行時，答案是willbehaving?？键c三、將來完成時兩種典型用法要點精講1：一般將來完成時（willhavedone）表示將來某一時間或動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，通常與before或by,bytheendof,bythetime…等結(jié)構(gòu)連用。例1：Bytheendofthismonth,wewillhavestudied10units.例2：Whentheymoveherenextmonth,wewillhavelivedinthecityfor5years.要點精講2：過去將來完成時（wouldhavedone）表示將來某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，多與賓語從句和虛擬語氣連用。例1：IthoughtSophiawouldhavetoldyousomething.例2：Ifwehadfoundhimearlierwewouldhavesavedhislife.在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Onthenextbirthday,Ann_____________(marry)fortwentyyears.2.---IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.---Iknow.Bynextmonth,he__________(save)enoughforausedone.3.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_____________(have)agoodtimetogether.4.Withoutthedoctor'stimelyoperation,thelittlegirl____________(lose)herlife.5.We_____________(put)John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.【答案與解析】1.willhavebeenmarried。Onthenextbirthday暗示用將來時，結(jié)合語境“到明年生日，安妮將已經(jīng)結(jié)婚20年”，bemarried表示“已婚”狀態(tài)。故答案是willhavebeenmarried。2.willhavesaved。Bynextmonth是關(guān)鍵，表示將來某一時間或動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。故答案是willhavesaved。3.wouldhavehad。or引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句，句意為：真可惜！你錯過了游覽觀光，否則的話我們會有一段美好時光的。表示與過去事實相反，應(yīng)用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhavehad。4.wouldhavelost。Withoutthedoctor'stimelyoperation是含蓄條件句，后面表示與過去事實相反，應(yīng)用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhavelost。5.wouldhaveput。結(jié)合句意“要不是約翰昨天受傷我原本要把他放進比賽名單。”，前半句表示與過去事實相反，故用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhaveput?？键c四、一般過去時三種典型用法要點精講1：一般過去時多表示過去已發(fā)生的動作，并有明確的時間狀語，如theotherday,yesterday,lastweek,in1980等。例1：Tomdidn'tcometoclassyesterday.例2：Oh,John.IneverthoughtImetyouhere.要點精講2：一般過去時表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，常與often，usually，seldom等頻度副詞連用。例：WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftencalledonmyoldfriendsthere.要點精講3：一般過去時用于虛擬語氣特定句型，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….,Itistimethat….及if虛擬條件句等。例1：Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.例2：Itishightimethatwehadourlunch.例3：IwishIwereabird,flyingfreelyinthesky.例4：IfonlyIknewhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.例5：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_____________(come)onthemarketin1973.2.I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou_____________(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?3.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____________(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.4.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_____________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.5.Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but_____________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.6.Thethreeofus_____________(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.7.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_______(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.8.HowIwisheveryfamily_____________(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____________(break).10.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.11.Sorry,I’mtoobusynow.IfI_____________(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.【答案與解析】1.came。從句有明顯時間狀語in1973，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案是came。2.advertised。從句有明顯時間狀語theotherday，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案是advertised。3.wasinvited。句子有明顯時間狀語attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案是wasinvited。4.was。結(jié)合語境這里描述過去的行為，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案是was。5.washeld。holdback表示“阻止，隱瞞”，結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故答案是washeld。6.travelled。本句是易錯題，句子雖然有時間狀語foraboutamonth，但結(jié)合語境這里表示過去某段時間一直發(fā)生的事情。故答案是travelled。7.declared。根據(jù)語境容易判斷空白處應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。故填declared。8.had。結(jié)合語境從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案是had。9.werebroken。itlookasif…表示“看起來好像……”，從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應(yīng)用一般過去時；結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故答案是werebroken。10.did/shoulddo。Itishigh/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省，意為“早該……”。故答案是did/shoulddo。11.had。語境暗示從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案是had?？键c五、過去進行時四種典型用法要點精講1：過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，常有明確的時間狀語暗示，如at7:00lastnight等。例1：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.例2：ShewasplayingthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper.要點精講2：過去進行時還可以表示過去一段時間內(nèi)頻繁發(fā)生或一直進行的動作。例1：Weweretalkingaboutyouthewholemorning.例2：HewaswatchingTVathomefrom3:00to5:00yesterdayafternoon.要點精講3：go,come,leave等瞬間動詞的過去進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。例：ShesaidshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextmonth.要點精講4：過去進行時用于as,when,while等狀語從句，表示另一動作發(fā)生的背景。例1：Itwassnowingasthemedicalteammadeitswaytothefront.例2：Tomslippedintothehousewhennoonewaslooking.要點精講5：always,forever,continually,constantly頻度副詞與過去進行時連用表示贊揚，抱怨等感情色彩。例1：Thegirlwasalwayschanginghermind.例2：Inthepasthewasconstantlyaskingmeformoney.在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Hermother_____________(cook)inthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.2.I’dliketoknowwhatyou______________(do)at9:00lastnight.3.Wewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____________(decorate).4.She_____________(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.5.Jim_____________(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.6.I_____________(clean)thestreetsinourneighborhoodthistimeyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.7.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_____________(alwayswarn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.8.HemusthavesensedthatI_____________(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"9.Jack_____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.【答案與解析】1.wascooking。時間狀語atthistimeyesterday表明過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用過去進行時。故答案是wascooking。2.weredoing。時間狀語at9:00lastnight表明過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用過去進行時。故答案是weredoing。3.wasbeingdecorated。結(jié)合語境表示該段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作---裝修圖書館。故答案是wasbeingdecorated。4.wasphoning。結(jié)合語境“她正在給別人打電話，我對她點頭走開了?！惫蚀鸢甘莣asphoning。5.waswatching。結(jié)合語境這是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是waswatching。6.wascleaning。結(jié)合語境這是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是wascleaning。7.werealwaysbeingwarned。always與過去進行時連用，表示過去某段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作（被頻繁提醒）；又是被動含義。故答案是werealwaysbeingwarned。8.waslooking。結(jié)合語境判斷這里表示當(dāng)時在進行的動作，故用過去進行時。故答案是waslooking。9.wasworking。這是wasdoing…when…句式。是故答案是wasworking?？键c六、過去完成時四種典型用法要點精講1：過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前或過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成。句中常用by,bytheendof,bethetime…引導(dǎo)的時間狀語或以before,until,when,than等詞引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)含一般過去時的時間狀語從句。概括為：過去的過去。例1：By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.例2：Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.要點精講2：intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。例1：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn'tgethereintime.例2：Ihadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.要點精講3：在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時。例1：Thiswasthefirsttimetheyhadmetinthirty-nineyears.例2：Itwasthefourthtimeshehadshoppedonlineforhours.要點精講3：在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時。例1：Shehardlyhadgonetobedwhenthebellrang.例2：Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.要點精講4：過去完成時用于虛擬語氣特定句型，表示與過去事實相反的情況，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….及if虛擬條件句等。例1：IwishthatIhadseenheryesterday.例2：Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.例3：IfonlyIhadknownherearlier!例4：IwouldratherIhadn'tseenthatfilmyesterday.例5：Ifithadnotrainedthismorning,Ishouldhavegoneshopping.在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe_____________(expect).2.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_____________(leave)mybankinthecafe.3.Silk____________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.4.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones__________(notinvent)yet.5.I_____________(plan)tohelpyoubutcouldn’tgethereintime.6.I_________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn'tmanageit.7.Therewasaknockonthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_____________(interrupt)methatevening.8.Thatwasthefirsttimeshe_____________(leave)aloneathomeduringtheweekends,boredtodeath.9.She________nosooner_________(get)totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.10.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthetelephone_____________(ring).11.Ifwe_____________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.12.HowIwishI_____________(buy)thatskirtwhenitwasavailable!Ugh!Iregretiteverytime.13.—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn'house?—Notreally.She_____________(give)uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.【答案與解析】1.hadexpected。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時表示“過去的過去”。故答案是hadexpected。2.hadleft。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時表示“過去的過去”。故答案是hadleft。3.hadbecome。byabout100BC是解答本題關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)用過去完成時。故答案是hadbecome。4.hadn’tbeeninvented。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時表示“過去的過去”；又是被動含義。故答案是hadn’tbeeninvented。5.hadend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadplanned。6.hadend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadhoped。7.hadinterrupted。在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時。故答案是hadinterrupted。8.hadleft。在It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時。故答案是hadleft。9.had;got。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時。故答案是had;got。10.rang。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時，從句仍用一般過去時。故答案是rang。11.hadcaught。這時if虛擬條件句，從句與過去事實相反應(yīng)用過去完成時。故答案是hadcaught。12.hadbought。Iwishthat….從句與過去事實相反應(yīng)用過去完成時。故答案是hadbought。13.hadgiven。結(jié)合語境“給我們清楚指導(dǎo)”發(fā)生在前，應(yīng)用過去完成時。故答案是hadgiven?？键c七、過去將來時三種典型用法要點精講1：一般過去將來時是由“should/would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發(fā)生的動作，多用于主從復(fù)合句中。例1：Hesaidtheywouldarrangeaparty.例2：HeaskedmeyesterdaywhenIshouldleaveforParis.要點精講2：用于was/wereabouttodo…when…句型，表示：正要……這時發(fā)生另一件事。was/weretodo也可以用于過去將來時。例：Iwasabouttostartwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.要點精講3：過去將來時用于虛擬語氣特定句型，表示與將來事實相反的情況，如Iwish….,Ifonly….,Iwouldratherthat….及if虛擬條件句等。例1：Iwishhewouldgowithmetothecinematonight.例2：IfIhadachancetostudyabroad,IwouldstudyatCambridgeUniversity.1.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents_____________(sign)upforthedancecompetition?2.Hewasabouttogotobed________therewasaknockonthedoor.3.Whenhe_____________(open)thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.4.Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathe_____________(become)thefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.5.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.6.Ifthecaptainhadbeenmorecareful,hisship_____________(sink).7.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_____________(have)agoodtimetogether.【答案與解析】1.wouldsign。Didyoupredict是解答本題的關(guān)鍵，暗示應(yīng)用過去將來時。故答案是wouldsign。2.when。這是was/wereabouttodosth.when...句型。故答案是when。3.wastoopen。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用過去將來時表示從當(dāng)時看將要發(fā)生的動作“將要開門”。故答案是wastoopen。4.wastobecome。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用過去將來時表示從當(dāng)時看將要發(fā)生的動作“將要成為美國第一位黑人總統(tǒng)”。故答案是wastobecome。5.wouldbe。本句是虛擬語氣含蓄條件句，now說明主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應(yīng)用woulddo。故答案是wouldbe。6.wouldn’thavesunk。結(jié)合語境主從句與過去事實相反，主句應(yīng)用wouldhavedone，且是否定形式。故答案是wouldn’thavesunk。7.wouldhavehad。or引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句，句意為：真可惜！你錯過了游覽觀光，否則的話我們會有一段美好時光的。表示與過去事實相反，應(yīng)用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhavehad。單句語法填空1.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950(be)30—todayitis41andisexpectedtoincreaseto42by2050.2.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers(carry)specialsignificance.3.Theartistwassurehewould(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.4.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI______(make)overtheyears.5.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody(have)toworryaboutfashion(時尚).6.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut______(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements7.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’grades______(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.8.Youroldersister____________(leave)tomorrowmorningandyou’dbettergetupearlytoseeheroff.9.Nodecision____________(make)untilallthemembershaveapprovedofthisplan.10.Overtheyears,manythings(add)tothestoryofStNicholas,changinghimtotheFatherChristmasweknowoftoday.Everymanworkerandeverywomanworker(enjoy)freemedicalcareinthiscompany.12.NotonlyyouandIbutalsoPeter,thetopstudentinourschool,(be)notabletosolvetheproblem.13.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren____________(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.14.Engineers(set)upover15,000sensors(傳感器)nationwideandwiringthemintoaweb.15.Thetreatmentcontinuedandfinallythedeep,bloodypain______(be)100%healed.16.Eitherthebeautifulsightsofthismoderncityoritslocalcustom(attract)thousandsofvisitorsduringthepastyears.17.Ithinkthemiddleschoolstudentsshould(forbid)tousesmartphonesatschool.It__________(estimate)thatnotlessthanhalfamillionpeoplediedinthefamine.Peopleusedtobelievethatdirt__________(generate)disease.Thejuniorclerkwasalarmedwhenhe_____(witness)therobberyinhisoffice.1.【答案】was【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：1950年美國人年齡的中位數(shù)是30歲，今天是41歲，預(yù)計到2050年將增加到42歲。結(jié)合上文in1950可知應(yīng)用一般過去時，且主語為ThemedianageofanAmerican，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填was。2.【答案】carries【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。why引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中主語為動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由整篇文章語境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填carries。3.【答案】bechosen【解析】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：畫家確信他會被選中，但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時，這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動詞choose構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且would后跟動詞原形。故填bechosen。4.【答案】havemade【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中時間狀語overtheyears可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填havemade。5.【答案】willhave/has【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個學(xué)生在校穿校服時，沒有人會擔(dān)心時尚問題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時willdo；根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是nobody，謂語用has。故填willhave/has。6.【答案】havereported【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境，尤其是時間狀語inrecentyears可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故填havereported。7.【答案】improved【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：美國的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，前后時態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過去式，主句用一般過去式。故填improved。8.【答案】isleaving【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。句意：你的姐姐明天早上就要離開了，你最好起早點去為她送行。此處用現(xiàn)在進行時表按照計劃安排好的將要發(fā)生的事情。9.【答案】willbemade【解析】考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。句意：直到所有的成員都同意這個計劃，才能作出決定。根據(jù)句意可如，make所表示的動作還未發(fā)生，故用一般將來時；decision與make之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。10.【答案】havebeenadded【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：多年來，圣尼古拉斯的故事中增加了許多東西，把他變成了我們今天所知道的圣誕老人。時間狀語overtheyears（這么多年來），指的是一種從幾年前持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一種情況，因此通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。主語manythings是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填havebeenadded。11.【答案】enjoys【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在這家公司里，男女職工都享受免費醫(yī)療。every+單數(shù)名詞+and+every+單數(shù)名詞，強調(diào)的依然是個體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填enjoys。12.【答案】is【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：不僅你和我，而且我們學(xué)校的尖子生皮特都不能解決這個問題。描述主語現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時；Notonly...butalso...連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞需要和就近的主語保持單復(fù)數(shù)一致，這里較近的主語是Peter，所以be動詞要用單數(shù)形式，故填is。13.【答案】goes【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：冬天的每個星期天下午，父親和他的三個孩子都要在結(jié)冰的河上滑冰。aswellas連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與前邊的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，即句子的主語是thefather，應(yīng)用單數(shù)；由everySundayafternooninwinter可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。14.【答案】aresetting【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)。句意：工程師們正在全國范圍內(nèi)安裝超過15000個傳感器，并將它們連接到一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。根據(jù)后面and并列的動詞wiring及句意可知，這里用現(xiàn)在進行時。15.【答案】was【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：治療繼續(xù)進行，最后，疼痛完全治愈了。此處的主語是pain,是抽象名詞，時間是過去，與謂語動詞heal之間是被動關(guān)系，故用be的單數(shù)的過去式形式。16.【答案】hasattracted【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致。句意：無論是這座現(xiàn)代化城市的美麗景色還是當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在過去的這些年都已經(jīng)吸引了成千上萬的游客。由duringthepastyears可知，這句話使用現(xiàn)在完成時?！癳ither...or...”作主語時，謂語動詞形式與or后主語保持一致，itslocalcustom是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。17.【答案】beforbidden【解析】考查語態(tài)。句意：我認為中學(xué)生應(yīng)該被禁止在學(xué)校使用智能手機。賓語從句中主語middleschoolstudents與forbid之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)情態(tài)動詞should可知，后接動詞原形。故填beforbidden。18.【答案】isestimated【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：據(jù)估計，至少有50萬人死于那場饑荒。分析句子可知，It為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句為真正主語，此處estimate與后面的從句構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，因此，本句要用被動語態(tài)，描述一個客觀的事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時，構(gòu)成Itisestimatedthat...句型。故填isestimated。19.【答案】generated【解析】考查動詞。句意：人們過去常常相信污垢會產(chǎn)生疾病。that后為從句，generate為從句謂語，與主句時態(tài)保持一致，應(yīng)該用一般過去時。故填generated。20.【答案】witnessed【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：那個小職員目睹辦公室里發(fā)生的搶劫案，嚇了一跳。根據(jù)主句時態(tài)可知，用一般過去時。根據(jù)句意，故填witnessed。二．語篇填空Japan

says

it

will

start

releasing

radioactive

water

from

the

destroyed

Fukushima

nuclearcenterintothe

seabeginning

in

two

years.

The

polluted

water

is1

(treat)

before

it

is

released

into

the

Pacific

Ocean.Thegovernmentannounced

the

plan

Tuesday

and

said

it

had

been

approved

by

cabinet

ministers.

The

decision

hadlong

been

expected,

but

faced

delays

linked

to

safety

concerns

and

public2

(opposite).Japan

has

said

three

reactors

(反應(yīng)堆)

there

suffered

meltdowns

after

the2011

earthquake

andhuge

oceanwavedestroyedtheplant’s3

(cool)

systems.

The

disaster

forced

160,000

people

to

flee4

(pollute)areasaroundtheplant.TokyoElectric

Power

Company,

or

TEPCO,

operates

the

nuclear

center.

It

iscarryingoutthecleanup.Japanese

Prime

Minister

Yoshihide

Suga

said

the

government5

(decide)

theocean

release

wasthemostrealisticway

6(solve)

the

water

storage

problem.

Other

methods

considered

includedinjecting

thewaterintotheground

orconverting

it

to

steam

or

hydrogen7

then

releasing

it

into

the

atmosphere.The

government

describes

the

water

to

be

released

8“treated”

and

not

”radioactive”.

But

experts

say

that100percentof

radioactive

materials

cannot

be

removed.

Government

officials

say

tritium

(氚)

is

the

onlysubstance9cannot

be

removed

from

the

water.

They

say

tritium

is

not

considered

10(harm)

in

small

amounts.1.tobetreated2.opposition3.cooling4.polluted5.haddecided6.tosolve7.and8.as9.that10.harmful【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。日本表示，將在兩年內(nèi)開始從被毀的福島核電站向海洋釋放核污染水。日本政府官員甚至還說，氚是唯一不能從水中去除的物質(zhì)，但是氚在少量時不被認為是有害的。1.考查動詞不定式被動形式。句意：被污染的水在排入太平洋之前要經(jīng)過處理。根據(jù)句子意思判斷，這里表示一個將來的或未進行的被動動作，應(yīng)該用不定式被動形式。故填tobetreated。2.考查名詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，此空在形容詞后，應(yīng)用名詞形式，和前面的名詞concerns并列。故填opposition。3.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，此空在名詞前，提示詞又是動詞，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示“冷卻的”。故填cooling。4.考查過去分詞。句意：這場災(zāi)難迫使16萬人逃離核電站周圍受污染的地區(qū)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，此空在名詞前，提示詞又是動詞，應(yīng)該用過去分詞做定語，表示“被污染的”。故填polluted。5.考查動詞時態(tài)。此空用在賓語從句中，這時應(yīng)該考慮主從句時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，主句用的是一般過去時，因此這里應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填haddecided。6.考查不定式。名詞后的定語可以用“ofdoing...”或：“todo...”來表示。故填tosolve。7.考查連詞。句意：考慮的其他方法包括將水注入地下或?qū)⑵滢D(zhuǎn)化為蒸汽或氫，然后釋放到大氣中。此空應(yīng)用連詞and，和后面的then構(gòu)成andthen，意為“然后”。故填and。8.考查介詞。句意：政府將要排放的水描述為“經(jīng)過處理的”而不是“放射性的”。describe...as...意為“把...描述成為...”，是一個固定搭配。故填as。9.考查定語從句。此空應(yīng)該是定語從句引導(dǎo)詞，同時在從句中做主語。另外，先行詞前有the

only來修飾，不能用which。故填that。10.考查形容詞。句意：他們說，氚在少量時不被認為是有害的。consider后面可接doing或sb./sth.(todo/tobe)+adj.，變成被動形式后，成為beconsidered(todo/tobe)+adj.。故填harmful。Howdoesyourteachermakeyousit—inrowsoringroups?Howwouldyouliketosit?Doessittinginrowsmakeyoufeelgoodordoesitmakeyoufeellonely?Doyoufeelthatsittinginagroupanddiscussingthingsmakesyoulearnmoreinaneasierway?Inthelast30yearsorso,expertsonteachingmethodshavethoughtaboutthesequestions.Theyfeltthatsittinginrowswasnotveryusefultochildren,andthattheylearnteasierandbetterwhentheysataroundatableinagroup.Thatway,theycouldalsolearntogetalongwithothersandexchangeideaseasily.However,itseemstheywerenotquiteright.AtleastNigelHastings,professorofNottinghamTrentUniversity.doesnotthinkso.Hehasbeenresearchingclassroombehaviorforthelast20yearsinEngland.Hisconclusion(結(jié)論）isthatchildrenworkmuchbetterwhentheysitinrowsthansittingaroundingroups.Hisstudyfoundthatstudentswastedalotoftimetalkingwhentheywereplacedingroups.Whenchildrenweremadetositsinglyorinpairs