河南專升本-英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義第十二講(閱讀)學(xué)生用_第1頁(yè)
河南專升本-英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義第十二講(閱讀)學(xué)生用_第2頁(yè)
河南專升本-英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義第十二講(閱讀)學(xué)生用_第3頁(yè)
河南專升本-英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義第十二講(閱讀)學(xué)生用_第4頁(yè)
河南專升本-英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義第十二講(閱讀)學(xué)生用_第5頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩63頁(yè)未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

河南專升本公共英語(yǔ)

第十一講閱讀理解

第一部分閱讀理解課堂筆記

一、閱讀理解題目的常見類型以及解題技巧

-)主旨大意題

主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所占比例及難度都相當(dāng)大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)

容,是全文的核心,作者在文章中努力通過各種細(xì)節(jié)信息來(lái)闡明中心話題。因此,把握主旨大意對(duì)于正確

理解全文具有重要意義。

1、常見的命題方式:

這類題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中心思想、段落大意的歸納、總結(jié)及概括能力。其提問的方式常有:

常見的提問方式有:

大意類(mainidea):

Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

Whatdosethispassagemainlyconcern?

Themainthemeofthispassageis

ThemainpointofthepassageisThetextismainlyabout—.

Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthepassageis_.

Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat_.

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis.

標(biāo)題類(besttitle):

Whafsthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?

Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthispassage?

Thetitleofthispassageshouldbe

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthetopicofthetext?

Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?

Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe.

Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassageis.

2、正確答案在文章中的位置:

大部分文章都有主題句(topicsentence),主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想(mainidea),找到了主題

句,也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此,“主題句定位法”是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題

句呈現(xiàn)形式通常有以下幾種:

1)在開頭出現(xiàn);文章開門見山,提出主題,隨后擺事實(shí)、講道理來(lái)解釋、支撐和發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)

的主題思想.“總說(shuō)-分述”結(jié)構(gòu)。首段做總的說(shuō)明,其他段落分別說(shuō)明或具體論述首段的觀點(diǎn),屬于這種結(jié)

構(gòu)的文章主題在首段。

2.)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方

法也較為多見。通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意

味。

3)主題句位于段落的中間。通常前面只提出問題,文章的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申

在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說(shuō)明或發(fā)展。

4)主題句位于段末。主題句出現(xiàn)在文章結(jié)尾是作者采用了先擺事實(shí),后作結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱作

歸納型段落。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見的歸納寫作法。

5)主題句隱含在段意之中。全文沒有明確的主題句。其中心思想包含在各個(gè)句子中,在這種情況下,

將首段中心句和各段第一句話連接成一個(gè)整體,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,概括歸納出主題。

3、文章標(biāo)題題型選項(xiàng)的特征:

1).文章主題詞必須在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)

2)要求標(biāo)題應(yīng)在最大限度上覆蓋全文,要有概括性。

3).選項(xiàng)范圍恰如其分,不可過大,亦不可過于細(xì)節(jié)

范圍過大:選項(xiàng)本身范圍過大;選項(xiàng)缺少文章中的限定詞

范圍過細(xì):只出現(xiàn)某一段中心事物的選項(xiàng)

4).直接從文章首句或某句話摘抄詞語(yǔ)編成的選項(xiàng)為干擾

【例一】:專升本2009年閱讀理解Passage2的第一段

Packagingisanimportantformofadvertising.Apackagecansometimesmotivatesomeonetobuyaproduct.

Forexample,asmallchildmightaskforabreakfastfoodthatcomesinaboxwithapictureofaTVcharacter.

Thechildismoreinterestedinthepicturethaninbreakfastfood.Picturesforchildrentocolororcutout,games

printedonapackage,orsmallgiftsinsideaboxalsomotivatemanychildrentobuyproducts—ortoasktheir

parentsforthem

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementscouldbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?

A.Childrenareinterestedinsomepackagesofproducts.

B.Packageisoneoftheimportantwaysofadvertising.

C.Peopleprefertobuytheproductsinplaincontainers.

D.Thesizeofapackageusuallymotivatesabuyer.

【解析】本文主要介紹了包裝本身就是廣告形式,是一篇說(shuō)明文章,主題很明顯,文章一開始就點(diǎn)明了

主題--Packagingisanimportantformofadvertising(廣告是一種重要的廣告形式)。接下來(lái)整篇文章

都是圍繞如何通過包裝達(dá)到廣告作用而展開?故選Bo

-)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

這類題主要考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)文章事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的掌握情況。它又分為兩種情況:一是詞語(yǔ)細(xì)節(jié)類,其答

案幾乎可以直接從原文中找出來(lái),考生只要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)照,就能找到答案;二是隱

含細(xì)節(jié)類,這類題雖然不能直接從原文中的找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ),但考生可以根據(jù)文章的隱含意義,如原

因、前提或結(jié)果等仔細(xì)推敲出答案來(lái)。細(xì)節(jié)類試題的提問方式很多而且靈活,提問的對(duì)象涉及短文中的時(shí)

間、距離、數(shù)量或原因、結(jié)果、方式等具體的細(xì)節(jié),有的需要先進(jìn)行計(jì)算才能得出答案,有的先要找出文

章的相應(yīng)部分才能得出答案。

1、常見的命題方式:

Accordingtotheauthor,who/what/when/where/which/why/how...?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/nottrue?

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTment沁nedinthetext?

TheauthorstatesallofthefollowingEXCEPT

Whatisthereasonfor...?

當(dāng)問題中含有not,except,but等表示否定、排除等意義的詞時(shí),需要進(jìn)行逆向思維。因此,一定要保持思維

清晰、認(rèn)真審題,不要武斷。

2、細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)、干擾選項(xiàng)的特征

1)正確選項(xiàng)的特征

原文改寫是細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)的基本特征,從選項(xiàng)入手,尋找原文的語(yǔ)言重現(xiàn)。

a最常見的原文改寫的方法是詞性變換,同義詞、同義詞組的替換,這些變化往往體現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)與原文

之間的文字與文字之間的精確的對(duì)應(yīng)

b主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。.原文改寫還有一種很普遍的方式就是句式和表達(dá)法的轉(zhuǎn)換

c如果題干出現(xiàn)與原文某處的強(qiáng)對(duì)比關(guān)系詞,則答案也應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)原文所述取反,這種原文與選項(xiàng)之間反

義替換,也是文字對(duì)應(yīng)的一種

2)干擾選項(xiàng)特征:

a.照抄部分原文信息;

b.含有原文中沒有的內(nèi)容;

c.與原文相矛盾的內(nèi)容;

d.張冠李戴的內(nèi)容(把A的特征加在B上);

e.偷梁換柱的內(nèi)容:與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同,即選項(xiàng)仍用文章中的句法結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分詞匯,但

換關(guān)鍵詞,造成意思上的改變:

f.與原句內(nèi)容相似但過于絕對(duì)化。

A)所述和原文相反;B)無(wú)中生有;C)和常識(shí)一致,卻和文中科學(xué)論述相悖;D)是原文不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?/p>

改寫或推理;E)違背常理;F)語(yǔ)氣極端過于絕對(duì)

g.用同性元素來(lái)排除

3、細(xì)節(jié)題文章中??荚嚨恼Z(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象

1)、例證處???/p>

為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力、更加明確,作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方,句中常用由as,suchas,

forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子作為例證,這些例句或比喻就成為

命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)。

2)、轉(zhuǎn)折處???/p>

一般而言,轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常使語(yǔ)義的重點(diǎn),命題者常對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過

however,but.yet,infact等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。

3)、比較級(jí)處常考

比較級(jí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)是個(gè)應(yīng)用更為廣泛的。因?yàn)樗粌H用于定位,也用于排除選項(xiàng),因?yàn)闊o(wú)端的比較、

相反的比較,偷換對(duì)象的比較經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在干擾選項(xiàng)中。正是由于我們標(biāo)記并且關(guān)注到了原文中的比較,

才能夠較為順利地排除這樣的干擾。

4)、因果句???/p>

命題者常以文中因果句出一些考查文中兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在因果關(guān)系的試題,或出些概括文意、段意的試題。

一般以推理題和主旨大意題型出現(xiàn),兼顧少量事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題等。表示因果關(guān)系的詞由:becauseof,since,

for,as,therefore,consequenlly,resultin/from,asaresult,leadto,thus等。

5)、復(fù)雜句???/p>

復(fù)雜句常是命題者出題之處,包括同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)句、從句、不定式等,命題者主要考查

考生對(duì)句子之間指代關(guān)系;文章段落之間關(guān)系的理解,常以邏輯推理題型出現(xiàn),包括少量詞匯等題型。

【例一】例如:

Despitethefactthatithasneverbeenseenalmosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththelegendaryunicorn(獨(dú)角獸).

Descriptionsofunicornshavebeenfounddatingfromancienttimes.ThegreatphilosopherAristotletheorized

thatthereweretwotypesofunicorntheso-calledIndianAssandtheOryx,akindofantelope.Unicornsare

oftenusedinthelogoofanoblefamily,towncounciloruniversityastheirspecialsign.EvenScotlandis

representedbyaunicorn?

Accordingtothelegend,anyoneattemptingtocatchaunicornhadtobeextremelycautiousasithasa

reputationforbeingveryfierce.Aclevertricksuggestedbyunicorn-trappers,inordertocatchthismagnificent

beastwithoutbeinghurtbyitshorn,wasforthehuntertostandinfrontofatreeandthentomovequicklybehind

itastheunicorncharged.Hopefully,thecreaturecouldthenbecapturedwhenitshornwasstuckinthetree?

56.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheunicorn?

A.Itwasnothistoricallyrecorded

B.ItshornwasfirstusedinFrance

C.ItwassimilartotheIndianAssandtheOryx

D.Itcouldbethesymbolofauniversity

57.Tocatchaunicorn,theunicorn-trappershadtotryallofthefollowingEXCEPT。

A.temptingtheunicorntoattack

B.makinguseofthetreeasaprotection

C.hidingquicklybehindtheunicorn

D.havingtheunicornhornstuckinthetree

【解析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了傳說(shuō)中的獨(dú)角獸,如何捕捉等。56.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)

誤是因?yàn)榕c第一段第二句不吻合;B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)榕c第三段中的事實(shí)不符,文中只提到了iheFrenchcourt

用了unicornhorn,時(shí)間是theFrenchRevolutionin1789,并未說(shuō)這是第一次使用;C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在與第一段不符,

文中只提到了Aristotle的理論闡述,并沒有說(shuō)人們對(duì)theIndianAss和theOryx熟悉;D項(xiàng)與第一段倒數(shù)第

二句內(nèi)容吻合。對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)考查通常涉及一些長(zhǎng)難句,對(duì)此,不要驚慌,首先判斷是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句,若是

簡(jiǎn)單句,先找句子的主、謂、賓,理解其主要意義,再加附屬成分的意義。若是復(fù)合句,先判斷從句,再

分析各自的意義,最后聯(lián)合整句意義。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題要認(rèn)真,周全考慮方能選取正確答案。這種題的正

確選項(xiàng)往往是原文意義的不同表現(xiàn)形式。干擾項(xiàng)常是以下幾種情況:選項(xiàng)本身正確,但不符合題干要求;

選項(xiàng)本身錯(cuò)誤或原文根本沒有提到;選項(xiàng)中含有原文信息,但其中個(gè)別詞描述的不準(zhǔn)確,這種選項(xiàng)的干擾

性最強(qiáng),考生在答題時(shí)要十分注意。

57.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)正確是因?yàn)榕c第二段中提到的thehunter的誘捕行為吻合,即standinfrontofa

tree來(lái)引誘unicorn的攻擊,其目的就是catchaunicorn;B項(xiàng)正確是因?yàn)閠hehunter引誘unicorn來(lái)攻擊而

后movequicklybehindit(thetree),其目的就是利用thetree作為掩護(hù),而不是躲到unicorn的后面,所以C

項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)正確是因?yàn)榕c第二段最后一句吻合。問題中有時(shí)含有NOT,EXCEPT,BUT等表示否定、排

除等意義的詞語(yǔ),需要進(jìn)行逆向思維。因此,一定要保持思維清晰,認(rèn)真審題,不宜匆忙武斷。

[彳列二]Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimes

you,llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you've

gottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents5eyes,and

thatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,but

sometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisa

challenge,itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourselfo

Self-imageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,

thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimages

othersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschanging

thewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworldo

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,make

alistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit。

46.Youneedtobuildapositiveself-imagewhenyou0

A.daretochallengeyourself

B.feelithardtochangeyourself

C.areunconfidentaboutyourself

D.haveahighopinionofyourself

47.Accordingtothepassage,ourself-images0

A.havepositiveeffects

B.areprobablyuntrue

C.areoftenchangeable

D.havedifferentfunctions

【解析】文章闡述了如何避免消極,并建立積極向上的自我形象。46.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Paral最后

一句"Ifyoufindthatbelievingyourselfisachallenge”可知意思是“缺乏自信47.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Para2

第二句,“Thisimageincludes…可知,self-image是可變的。選項(xiàng)A,不全面;根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thus

二可判

斷C項(xiàng)正確。細(xì)節(jié)性問題的答案不采用文章中的原話提問,而是使用同義詞語(yǔ)等,因此,在選擇答案前應(yīng)

首先看清題干,然后在查讀時(shí)尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ);最后,在充分理解原文、原題的基礎(chǔ)上選定正

確的答案。當(dāng)然,這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題涉及的面很廣。有的涉及數(shù)字計(jì)算,如時(shí)間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等,對(duì)

這類問題須認(rèn)真計(jì)算后方可選定正確答案;有的涉及正誤判斷,要先看選項(xiàng),根據(jù)選項(xiàng)提供的線索,尋找

文中相應(yīng)部分,最后在題中選出肯定答案;還有的是有關(guān)事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。總之,做細(xì)節(jié)題切

忌通過自己對(duì)某類知識(shí)的主觀了解和認(rèn)識(shí)做出輕率判斷,一定要緊扣文章內(nèi)容,不可隨心所欲。

三)詞義猜測(cè)題和語(yǔ)義理解題。

這類題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力,突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。從考查內(nèi)容

看主要有對(duì)英語(yǔ)文章中生詞、熟詞的解釋意義、代詞的指代意義及短語(yǔ)或句子的含義。其常見的提問方式

有:

Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword...?

Theword...couldbestbereplacedby...?

Inthe...paragraph,theword...means(refersto)...

By”,theauthormeans.

Theword"“probablymeans.

Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase""inParagraph?

Whatdoesthephrase""inParagraphmean?

【例一】Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing?

Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalk

aboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhen

hewasateenagero

“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,'Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?'"

saysBallmer."Therewasjustacompletegapintasteo”

Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerations

ofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbitso

41.Theunderlinedword“gufinPara.3mostprobablymeans。

A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation

【解析】本文講述“代溝”的發(fā)展、變化。以40歲左右為分界線,之前和之后與子女間的關(guān)系在改變,

雖然代溝越來(lái)越窄,但仍沒有消失,家庭研究專家提醒新的平等關(guān)系也會(huì)導(dǎo)致子女對(duì)父母的不尊重。41.

D由上文中提到的“…h(huán)eremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager0”

以及“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste?!笨芍猤ulf應(yīng)表示兩代人之間關(guān)系的“代溝separation指“分開,

分離猜測(cè)詞義時(shí)更多用到的方法是:結(jié)合上下文的意義、線索、內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。一般情況下,上下文

所提示的意義與所考詞匯通常是同義、反義或針對(duì)性解釋的關(guān)系,可直接確定詞義。根據(jù)上下文意義很難

作出判斷的,就考慮用句法和內(nèi)在邏輯方法去判斷,符合句法和內(nèi)在邏輯的可能為正確答案,反之則排除。

四)推理判斷題

推理判斷題是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,作出一定

的判斷和推理,從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。推理判斷題在閱讀中屬于難度較高的題型,

它主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識(shí)別能力。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某

一句話,也可能是某幾句話,甚至是整片文章,要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行

分析、挖掘、邏輯推理,揭示其深層含義。這類考題中常出現(xiàn)的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude

等。

常見的命題方式:

Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

Wecaninferfromthetextthat...?

Whatcanwelearnfrom...?

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat

Theauthorimpliesthat

Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin

Whatdoyouthink...accordingtothepassage?

【例一】

Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuilding

upwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.Itis

saidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromthe

inhabitantsofmostcountriesoftheworldtoday.Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththe

lower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwater

supply,electricallyoperatedliftsfromtoptobottom,andsoon,aswellassuchdetails,importantnotwithstanding

(然而),aseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarnagesonthegroundfloor,

playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.Itislikelythatthedispute

regardingflatsversus(對(duì),對(duì)抗)individualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainis

concerned.Anditisunfortunatethatthereshouldbehotfeelingsonbothsideswheneverthissubjectisraised.

Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumption(設(shè)想)thateveryoneprefersan

individualhomeandgardenandonthehighcostperunitofaccommodation.Thelatterignoresthehighercostof

providingfullservicestoascatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneystoworkfor

thesuburbanresident.

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

A)Englishpeople,likemostpeopleinothercountries,dislikelivinginflats.

B)Peopleinmostcountriesoftheworldtodayarenotopposedtolivinginflats.

C)PeopleinBritainareforcedtomoveintohighblocksofflats

D)Modernflatsstillfailtoprovidethenecessaryfacilitiesforliving

【解析】本題考核學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推斷的能力。文章中說(shuō)英國(guó)人在住房間題上與當(dāng)今世界上許多

國(guó)家的居民有著不同的看法,他們反對(duì)住高層公寓,文章中還列舉了許多理由說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn),而且指出這種

習(xí)慣很難改變。既然英國(guó)人與許多國(guó)家的居民不同,反對(duì)住高層公寓,那么世界上許多國(guó)家的居民便是不

反對(duì)住高層公寓,因此正確的答案是選項(xiàng)B。

第二部分河南專升本2001—2014年閱讀考試真題

2001年P(guān)artII.ReadingComprehension

Passage1

Overthelasttwentyyears,theEnglishlanguagehasbecomethenearestthingtoaninternationallanguage

fortheworld.Since1960therehasbeenanincreaseof40%inthepeopleusingEnglish,sothatitisnow

estimatedthatapproximately350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastherefirstlanguage,andaboutthesamenumber

ofpeoplespeakitastheirsecondlanguage.It'sthelanguageofaviation(航空)withpilotsbeingtrainedinEnglish

sotheycanunderstandflightcontrollersatinternationalairportsacrosstheworld.It'sthelanguageofsportwith

manyinternationalrulesandcommentaries(評(píng)論)beingwrittenandgiveninEnglish.It'salsothelanguageofpop

musicbecauseitrhymeseasilyandthewordsareshort.AndmoatpopularmusicgroupscomefromAmericaor

England.Inaddition,75%oftheworld'smailiswritteninEnglish;60%oftheworld'sradiostationsnow

broadcastinEnglish.Forty-fourcountrieshaveEnglishastheirofficiallanguage.Infactnowadays,ifyouare

thinkingofexpandingyourbusinessoutsideofyourowncountry,thereisastrongchancethatyouwillconduct

thatbusinessinEnglish.You'llbeatadisadvantageifyoudon'tspeakit.

26.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.theimportanceofEnglishintheworldB.thenumberoftheworld'sradiostationsbroadcastinginEnglish

C.thenumberofpeoplespeakingEnglishD.Englishasalanguageofpopmusic

27.HowmanypeoplespeakEnglishastheirsecondlanguage?

A.250millionB.100millionC.350millionD.400million

28,WhyisEnglishthelanguageofsportintheworld?

A.BecausealargenumberofAmericanslovespoils

B.BecausetherulesforinternationalgamesarewritteninEnglish.

C.BecausetheinternationalgamesareoftenheldinAmerica.

D.BecausetheAmericanswritetherulesfortheinternationalgames.

29.Whatdoestheword"conduct'1mean?

A.carryoutB.carrythroughC.carryoverD.carryon

30.WhatisthenumberofthecountrieswhichhaveEnglishastheirofficiallanguage?

A.60B.75C.44D.45

Passage2

Today,supermarketsarefoundinalmosteverylargecityintheworld.Butthefirstsupermarketwasopened

onlyfiftyyearsago.ItwasopenedinNewYorkbyamannamedMichaelCullen.

ASupermarketisdifferentfromothertypesofstoresinseveralways.Insupermarkets,goodsareplacedon

openshelves.Thecustomerschoosewhattheywantandtakethemtothecheck-outcounter(付款臺(tái)).Thismeans

thatfeweremployeesarerequiredthaninotherstores.Thewayproductsaredisplayed(陳歹U)isanotherdifference

betweensupermarketsandmanyothertypesofstores.Forexample,insupermarkets,thereisusuallyadisplayof

smallinexpensiveitemsjustinfrontofthecheck-outcounter:candies,chocolates,magazines,cheapbooksandso

on.Whyaretheythere?

Mostcustomerswhogotoasupermarketbuyfromashoppinglist.Theyknowexactlywhattheyneedtobuy.

Theyshopaccordingtoaplan.Bythetimetheyreachthecheck-outcounter,thecustomersarefeelingpleased

andrelaxedbecausethetaskofshoppingisfinished.Inthishappymood,thecustomersseeanattractivedisplay

ofinexpensivegoodsthatwerenotontheirshoppingLists.Nowtheyfeellikebuyingsomethingjustfortheir

ownpleasureandenjoyment.Manycustomersbuyfromthesedisplaysofproductsnearthecheck-outcounter,

andthisisexactlywhattheownerofthesupermarkethopestheywilldo.

Anotherimportantfactinhelpingacustomerchoosewhattobuyiswhereaproductisplacedonashelf.A

productthatisplacedateyelevelonashelfsellsmuchbetterthanonewhichisplacedonalowerorhighershelf.

Aproductwhichiseasytoseesellsbest.Manufacturespayahigherpricetohavetheirproductsplacedateye

levelontheshelves.

Thecomfortandconvenienceofshoppingcentersisanotherfactorwhichmakesthempopularwith

customers.Largeparkingspacesareprovided,andmanysupermarketsstayopenuntilverylateatnight.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementisNOTtrue?

A.Thefirstsupermarketwasopenedonlyhalfacenturyago.

B.Asupermarketisdifferentfromotherkindsofstoresintwoways.

C.ThefirstsupermarketwasopenedinNewYork.

D.Todaysupermarketsarefoundalmosteverybigcity.

32.Aproductthatisplacedsellsbest.

A.ashighasone'seyesB.ashighasone'swaistC.onalowershelfD.onahighershelf

33.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementistrue?

A.Supermarketsneedmoreclerksthanotherstores.

B.Insupermarketsgoodsareplacedonclosedshelves.

C.Thecustomersprefersupermarketstootherkindsofstores.

D.Thecustomerspayanyclerktheymeetforwhattheyhaveboughtinsupermarkets.

34.Whydoyouthinkshoppingcentersattractmorecustomersthanotherkindsofstores?

A.Theyhavelargeparkinglotsandtheystayopenuntilalmostmidnight.B.Theyhavemorekindsofgoods.

C.Theyhavefewemployees.D.Theydisplaysmallinexpensiveitemsinfrontofcheck-outcounters.

35.Accordingtothewaysmallinexpensiveitemsatedisplayed,wecaninferthattheownerofasupermarkethas

agoodknowledgeof

A.physiologyB.biologyC.psychologyD.biophysics

Passage3

Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown,inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.All

wereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,

actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother,andthelatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns

calledletters,whichwouldbecombinerepresentthosesoundsandwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,

whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.

Thepowerofwords,thenliesintheirassociations-thethingstheyringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecome

filledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladand

sadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtous

increases.

Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoapressthesethoughtsinwordswhich

appealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotionsThischarminguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall

therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusicandwhichbytheir

positionandassociation.Weshould,therefore,learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,or

theywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.

36.Theoriginoflanguageis

A.alegendhandeddownfromthepastB.aquestiondifficulttoanswer

C.aproblemnotyetsolvedD.amatterthatishiddenorsecret

37.Oneofthereasonswhymeninventedcertainwordstoexpressthoughtandactionswasthat

A.theycouldcommunicatewitheachotherB.theycouldagreeoncertainsings

C.theycouldcombinethemD.theycouldwritethemdown

38.Therealpowerofwordsexistsintheir

A.propertiesB.peculiarityC.characteristicsD.representativefunction

39.Inexpressingtheirthoughts,greatwritersareable

A.toconfoundthereadersB.tomovementotear

C.tomoveustoactionD.toconfuseourfeelings

40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherealpoetisNOTtrue?

A.Hisstyleisalwayscharming.B.Hispoemscanmovementotears.

C.Heisnomorethanamasterofwords.D.Hecanconveyhisisearinwordswhichsinglikemusic.

2001年閱讀理解答案

26—30ACBAC31—35BACAC36—40CADBA

Passage1

26【解析】:A.主旨題。本文通過一系列的事實(shí),說(shuō)明了英語(yǔ)在很多的方面的普及。通過文章開始的主題

句我們可以得出,這篇文章的主要目的在于說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的重要性。B,C,D選項(xiàng)都是文章中的細(xì)

節(jié),故不能成為答案。

27【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。由于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是數(shù)字,所以原文定位數(shù)字的地方,可知C為正確答案。

28【解析】:B.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位原文,之所以英語(yǔ)成為體育方面的國(guó)際語(yǔ)言,是因?yàn)楹芏囿w育方面的原則和

文章都是由英語(yǔ)完成的。

29【解析】:A.詞義題。根據(jù)上下文說(shuō)明你想國(guó)外開展自己的生意。所以正確答案為A

A.carryout實(shí)施,執(zhí)行B.carrythrough,實(shí)現(xiàn),完成,C.carryover繼續(xù)下去,將。。。延后,D.carryon

繼續(xù),進(jìn)行。

30【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位原文最后確定答案。

Passage2

31【解析】:B細(xì)節(jié)題。注意題目問的是哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不正確的。根據(jù)文章開頭的介紹,我們知道超市幾

乎在世界上任何一個(gè)大城市都可以找到。原文說(shuō)超市在幾個(gè)方面與一般的商店不同,而沒有說(shuō)只在兩個(gè)方

面不同,所以選B

32【解析】:A細(xì)節(jié)題。有核心題shelf可定位于倒數(shù)第二段,正確答案是A,和眼睛高度一致的位置上的

商品賣得最好。

33【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)于這種問那個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確或是錯(cuò)誤的題目,我們運(yùn)用排除法,對(duì)選項(xiàng)一一鑒別。

A選項(xiàng),對(duì)于,對(duì)應(yīng)二段末句,可知不對(duì),超市需要更少的雇員,屬于“反B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)二段第二段第二

句,可知超市的商品都是擺放在開放式的貨架上的,屬于“反C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)文章的開始和最后一段的第一

句,可知超市的確在顧客中很流行。D選項(xiàng)說(shuō)顧客可以向任何一個(gè)她們遇到的展員付款。這個(gè)原文根本沒

有涉及到,所以錯(cuò)誤,屬于“無(wú)”。

34【解析】:A.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位全文最后一段,可知超市流行的原因里有一點(diǎn)就是停車方便,而且營(yíng)業(yè)到很

晚。

35【解析】:C.推理題。定位文章第三段,我們知道擺放小商品的原因是基于對(duì)消費(fèi)者心理的充分掌握,

所以我們可以推出,超市的老板一定是有很豐富的心理學(xué)方面的知識(shí)。

Passage3

36【解析】:B細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段開頭就指出,人類創(chuàng)造詞匯,并開始使用文字的起源仍然是個(gè)謎。

37【解析】:A.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段第二句表明,人類用聲音表達(dá)想法和動(dòng)作的目的是為了交流。

38【解析】:D.第一段最后兩句表明就是文字的來(lái)歷。

39【解析】:B.細(xì)節(jié)題,最后一段第一句指出,偉大的作家用詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)偉大的思想,深深的打動(dòng)我們的思

想和感情。由此可以看出:偉大的詩(shī)人也能用詞語(yǔ)使我們激動(dòng)的流淚。

40【解析】:C.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段講述了文字的功能,第一句明確地指出詞匯的功能在于使我們聯(lián)系起不同

的事物。nomorethan僅僅,C選項(xiàng)意思是他僅僅是語(yǔ)言的主人,對(duì)詩(shī)人有貶低之意,故C是錯(cuò)誤的。

2002年P(guān)artIIReadingComprehension(50points)

Passage1

Australia'spopulationpassed18millionforthefirsttimeinMarchthisyear.

ButasAustraliagrows,environmentgroupsyesterdayurgedthegovernmenttodevelopanationalpopulation

policytoavoidsevereenvironmentaldegradation(惡化).

AustralianBureauofStatistics(ABS)researchshowsthebirthorarrivalof68,700newAustraliansintheyear

toMarchpushedthepopulationto18,000,500.

Victoria'spopulationincreasedby23,000to4.5millionintheyearofMarch.TheABSalsoforcastthe

populationwouldreach20millionby2006and24millionby2033.

Australiareacheditsfirstmillionin1858.

Whileimmigrationwasresponsibleforalargepartofthepopulationboomsinthepast,overthelastfive

yearsnewbomsmadeup68perrentofthe1millionincreaseinpopulation.

Australiahasoneofthelowerpopulationgrowthratesintheregion,withNewZealandgrowingat1.4

percent.Indonesiaat1.7percentandPNGat2percent,ABSspokesmanMr.JohnPaicesaid.

AustraliansforanEcologicallySustainablePopulation;agroupof560academics,scientistsandpublic,

yesterdayurgedthegovernmenttodevelopasustainablepopulationstrategytoavoidfurtherlandandwater

degradation.

NationalALPpresidentBarryJoneslastyearchairedaparliamentaryinquiryintowhatpopulationlevels

Australiacouldreachwithoutriskingseriouspollutionanddegradationproblems.

Manyoftheopinionstotheinquirysuggestedapopulationlimitof17-23million.Thegovernmentwas

expectedtorespondtotheJonesreportbyJuly,butdidnot.

CSIROresearchscientistDr.DongCocksagreedthegovernmentneededtodevelopapopulationpolicy.

"Withpopulationsize(inAustralia)doublingevery40to50years,wewouldneedanothercoupleof

MelboumesandSydneysby2050,"Dr.Cockssaid.

Notes:ABS澳大利亞統(tǒng)計(jì)局PNG巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞

ALP澳大利亞工黨CSIRO聯(lián)邦科學(xué)-工業(yè)研究組織

31.Aspopulationgrows,environmentexpertsmaybeconcernedaboutallthefollowingexcept.

A.waterresourcesB.foodsupplyingC.housingD.radioactivepollution

32.Fromthepassagewemayinferthat.

A.Victoria'spopulationgrowthratewashigherthantheaveragerate

B.IntheyeartoMarch,thenewarrivalsweremorethannewbomsinVictoria

C.Fiveyearsago,newbornsweremorethannewarrivalsinVictoria

D.Victoria'spopulationalwaysgrewfasterthanthatofanyotherstate.

33.Australia'spopulationgrowthrateis.

A.higherthan2percent

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論