Unit1HonestyandresponsibilityExtendedreading知識點課件高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性

XB4Unit1ExtendedreadingLanguagepoints

(Para.1)1.我很高興也很榮幸…… _____________________2.在這個特殊的場合 _____________________

(Para.2)3.接受……進入……

_____________________4.即將/要發(fā)生在…身上 _____________________5.做好充分的準備 _____________________6.應對…的挑戰(zhàn) _____________________7.高度責任感_____________________

Itismypleasureandprivilegetodo…onthisspecialoccasionaccept…into…beinstoreforbewellpreparedmanagethechallengesofawell-developedsenseofresponsibilityExpressions

(Para.3)

8.對……負責 _____________________9.把……看作…… _____________________10.不是……而是……_____________________任……處置，對……無能為力 _____________________沒有責任感 _____________________認真對待…_____________________

beresponsiblefortreat…as…not…but(rather)…atthemercyofhavenosenseofresponsibilitytake…seriously

(Para.4)

14.按時完成…… _____________________15.聽從某人的指導 _____________________16.遠遠超出 _____________________17.經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受 _____________________18.出故障，弄錯 _____________________19.踐行……的美德 _____________________20.拼盡全力

_____________________meetdeadlinesfor...followone’sguidancegofarbeyondgothroughgowrongpracticethevirtueofgiveone’sbest

著手/開始做…… _____________________……的方方面面 _____________________

除了_____________________

(Para.5)

24.為……承擔責任 _____________________25.社會的進步 _____________________26.一個有機整體 _____________________27.對……有影響/起作用 _____________________28.因此 _____________________29.撿起;獲得;乘載;偶然學會 _____________________30.促成，導致……

_____________________setouttodoinallaspectsofapartfromassumeresponsibilityforthebettermentofsocietyanorganicwholemakeadifferencetoasaresultpickupcontribute/leadto激勵某人做某事 _____________________有能力做某事 _____________________使…焦慮不安

_____________________

(Para.6)

34.正如諺語所說…… _____________________35.播下……的種子 _____________________36.祝你們一帆風順 _____________________inspiresbtodosth.havethepowertodosth.weighonsbasthesayinggoessowthe

seeds

ofwishyoueverysuccess

Takingresponsibility(Line1)Honouredguests,teachersandstudents,itismypleasureandprivilegetowelcome

youheretodayandpresentmythoughtsonthisspecialoccasion.

承擔責任尊敬的來賓、老師們、同學們，歡迎你們今天來到這里，

我很高興和榮幸，在這個特殊的場合分享我的一些見解。1.privilege

n.榮幸；特殊利益

vt.給予特權,特別優(yōu)待theprivilegeof...……的特權havetheprivilegetodosth./ofdoingsth.有特權做某事Itisa/sb’sprivilegetodosth.有幸做某事privileged

adj.

享有特權的；有特別恩典的eg.Asastudent,youhavethe

ofusingthelibrary’sresources.privilege(Line3)Students,thetimehasarrivedforyoutofullyacceptyourpassageintoadulthood.

IhaveseenyougrowfromnervousSenior1studentsintoconfidentyoungadults,

whositbeforemetoday,readytoembracethenextphaseofyourlives.Youmust

bebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatareinstoreforyou.

同學們，你們已經(jīng)到了完全接受自己即將步入成年的時候了。我看到你們從緊張的高一新生，成長為今天坐在我面前的自信的青年，準備著擁抱你們生命的下一個階段。你們對即將到來的人生經(jīng)歷，肯定既感到興奮又有些擔憂。2.IhaveseenyougrowfromnervousSenior1studentsintoconfidentyoungadults,whositbeforemetoday,readytoembracethenextphaseofyourlives.(Line4-5)①本句是一個復雜句。由who引導的從句，拓展資料說明先行詞。②readytoembrace…是形容詞短語作_______，表示伴隨。非限制性定語adults狀語3.Youmustbebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatareinstoreforyou.

(Line5-6)

instore(forsb.)即將發(fā)生（在某人身上）；等待著（某人）①參觀畫展的人將會發(fā)現(xiàn)許多令他們驚奇的東西。Therearelotsofsurprises

visitorstothegallery.②Wedon'tknowwhatlifeholdsinstoreforus.

翻譯：

。

我們不知道等待我們的將是什么樣的生活instorefor(Line7)Don'tworry,foryouareallresponsibleyoungpeople,wellpreparedandwellequippedtosuccessfullymanagethechallengesoftheyearsahead.不要擔心，因為你們都是負責的年輕人，你們已經(jīng)做好了充分的準備，能夠成功應對未來的挑戰(zhàn)。(Line9)Atschool,youhavegraduallyunderstoodtheimportanceofawell-developedsenseofresponsibility.Youacceptthatyouareresponsibleforyoursuccessesandyourfailures.Hopefully,youhavelearnttotreatresponsibilitynotasaweightthatburdensyou,butrather

asafoundationwhichwillsupportyourfuturedevelopment.在學校里，你們已經(jīng)逐漸認識到具有高度責任感的重要性。你們明白應該為自己的成功和失敗負責。希望你們已經(jīng)學會不把責任當作困擾你們的重擔，而是把它當作支持你們未來發(fā)展的基礎。4.

Hopefully,youhavelearnttotreatresponsibilitynotasaweightthatburdensyou,butratherasafoundationwhichwillsupportyourfuture

development.not...butrather...不是……而是……兩個由介詞as引出的短語，由并列結構not...butrather...連接定語從句把……看作；把……視為希望你們已經(jīng)學會不把責任當作困擾你們的重擔，而是把它當作支持你們未來發(fā)展的基礎。(Line13)Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds;likewise,apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibilityisatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour.沒有錨的船任憑風浪擺布;同樣，沒有責任感的人被自己粗心草率的行為所左右。5.Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds;likewise,apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibilityisatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehavior.

沒有錨的船任憑風浪擺布；同樣，沒有責任感的人被自己粗心草率的行為所左右。(1)

該句運用了類比(Analogy)的修辭手法。類比是通過比較兩個事物之間的相似特征來論證其中較復雜的事物，這樣可以把抽象的事物變得具體，把深奧的道理變得淺顯。句中將沒有錨的船的遭遇與沒有責任感的人的處境進行了類比，使人懂得負擔責任的重要性。Theeffectsofconsumingelectronicmediaarelikelytobefarmorelimitedthanthepanicimplies.Mediacriticswriteasifthebraintakesonthequalitiesofwhateveritconsumes,theinformationaequivalent(等同的)of"youarewhatyoueat."Aswithancientpeopleswhobelievedthateatingfierceanimalsmadethemfierce,theyassumethatwatchingquickcutsinrockvideosturnsyourmentallifeintoquickcutsorthatreadingbulletpointsandonlinepostingsturnsyourthoughtsintobulletpointsandonlinepostings.TheanalogyinthefinalsentenceofPassage2hasprimarilywhicheffectA.Itusesornate(華麗的)languagetoillustrateadifficultconcept.B.Itemployshumortosoftenasevereopinionofhumanbehavior.C.Italludes(暗指)tothepasttoevokeanostalgic(懷舊的)response.D.Itcriticizestheviewofaparticulargroup.(2).mercyn.

仁慈,寬恕

→mercifuladj.

仁慈的;寬大的

→bemercifultosbatthemercyof...

任由……擺布;受……控制showmercytosb=havemercyonsb憐憫某人It’samercythat...

幸虧……CaptainWhitebeathiscrewwithoutmercy.Theboywasscreamingand

beggingformercy.

無情地求饒【語境應用】單句語法填空。1)Theyshowedmercy________theirenemies.2)Theshipwas________themercyofthestorm.3)Shegotonherkneesandbegged________mercy.4)Therewasatimewhensomeendangeredanimalswerekilled_________mercy.5)Itis_________mercythatnoonewasinjuredinthebombexplosion.to

at

forwithoutae.g.①Weclearedthesnow,andourneighborsdidlikewise.

我們清掃了雪，鄰居也這樣做了。

②Justwatertheseplantstwiceaweek,and

likewise

theonesinthebedroom.

翻譯：

。(3)likewiseadv.

同樣地，類似地；也，而且這些植物一周澆兩次水，睡房里的那些也一樣(Line17)Asstudents,youmusttakeyourstudiesseriouslyandacceptresponsibilityforyour

ownlearning.Thismeansmeetingdeadlines

foryourschoolwork,followingyour

teachers'guidance,andofcourse,alwaysaimingforacademicexcellence.However,

yourresponsibilitiesgofarbeyondyourstudies.作為學生，你們必須認真對待自己的學習，對自己的學習負責。這意味著及時完成學習任務，遵從老師的指導，當然，還有總是以優(yōu)秀的學業(yè)表現(xiàn)為目標。然而，你們的責任遠遠超出了學習。(Line19)Asyougothroughyourdailylife,

youwillencountermanydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong.Instead

ofbeingquicktoblameothers,analysetheproblem,andifitisindeedyourown

fault,bereadytoadmityourmistakeandthencorrectit.Thisway,youpractise

thevirtueofcourage.在日常生活中，你們會遇到許多的困難,事情也會出錯。不要急于抱怨他人，要分析問題;如果確實是你自身的過失，要勇于承認錯誤，然后去糾正它。這樣，你們就踐行了勇氣的美德。6.Asyougothroughyourdailylife,youwillencountermanydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong.(Line19-20)as引導時間狀語從句where

引導定語從句，修飾先行詞

situations(1)這是一個復雜句，屬于主從復合句。由一個時間狀語從句和一個主句構成。該主句本身也是一個主從復合句，其中包含著關系副詞where引導的定語從句，對situations加以修飾和限制situation,case,point,stage,condition,position,occasion,scene等可以表示抽象地點。主句Asyougothroughyourdailylife,youwillencountermanydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong.

在你的日常生活中，你會遇到很多困難的且可能會出錯的情況.(2)gothrough

經(jīng)歷；遭受①She'sbeengoingthroughabadpatchrecently.

她最近很不走運。②He'samazinglycheerfulconsideringallhe'shadtogothrough.

經(jīng)歷了種種磨難，他還那么樂觀，令人驚嘆。abadpatch

困難時期，倒霉時期①Thebillmighthavegonethroughiftheeconomywasgrowing.

如果經(jīng)濟保持增長的話，那個議案或許已經(jīng)獲得通過了。②Let'sgothroughtheargumentsagain.咱們再詳細研究一下這些論據(jù)吧。③

Shewentthroughthecompany'saccounts,lookingforevidenceoffraud.她仔細審查公司的賬目，尋找詐騙的證據(jù)。④Theboyswentthroughtwowholeloavesofbread.這些男孩把整整兩條面包吃得精光。(法律、協(xié)議、決定)獲得通過(尤指反復地)詳細研究，仔細琢磨仔細察看某事物；檢查某事物；審查某事物用完；耗盡gothrough

獲得通過;詳細研究;仔細檢查;用完【拓展與應用】：用through相關短語填空getthrough通過，做完，接通gothrough審閱，檢查，用完seethrough識破,看透pullthrough渡過危機，康復lookthrough翻閱，瀏覽，快速查看putthrough接通，完成①.Everyonewillhavetoatestbeforetheyareadmittedtotheuniversity.②.Ithinkyoucanthefirstfivechaptersbeforethedeadline.③.Thisstunningyoungwomanhadme.④.Theoldsoldiertwoworldwars.⑤.Wearedeterminedourprojectaheadoftime.⑥.Icouldneverlietomymotherbecauseshe’dmestraightaway.

getthroughpulledthroughlookthroughwentthroughseethroughtoputthrough(Line23)Alwaysgiveyourbestinwhateveryousetouttodo,however

difficultthatmightbe.Thisway,youpractisethevirtueofdetermination.Be

honestbysayingwhatyoumeanandbymeaningwhatyousay.Thisway,you

practisethevirtueofintegrity.Takingresponsibilityinallaspectsofyoureveryday

life,

therefore,willhelpbuildastrongcharacter.無論你們打算做什么，無論有多困難，一旦決定就都要盡力去做。這樣，你們就踐行了決心的美德。誠實地說出自己的想法，忠實地去做你所說的。這樣，你們就踐行了正直的美德。因此，在日常生活的各個方面承擔責任將有助于塑造堅強的品格。

7.Alwaysgiveyourbestin

whateveryousetouttodo,

howeverdifficultthatmightbe.這是一個復雜句，屬于主從復合句。由主句和however引導的讓步狀語從句構成。該主句本身也是一個復合句，它包含了whatever引導的賓語從句，充當介詞in的賓語。whatever意為“無論什么”，在賓語從句中作do的賓語。whatever引導的從句作介詞in的賓語主句however引導讓步狀語從句(Line28)Apartfrompersonaldevelopment,assumingresponsibilityforyouractionsisalso

importantforthebettermentofsociety.Societyisanorganicwhole,andassocial

beings,wehavearesponsibilitytomakeacontribution.Youmayhaveheardthe

storyofasmallboywhotriedtosavestarfishleftonthebeachafterastorm,by

throwingthembackintothesea.除了個人發(fā)展，為自己的行為承擔責任對社會進步也很重要。社會是一個有機的整體，作為社會的一員，我們有責任做出貢獻。你可能聽說過一個小男孩的故事，他試圖把風暴過后留在海灘上的海星扔回海里，以拯救它們。8.Apartfrompersonaldevelopment,assumingresponsibilityforyouractionsisalsoimportantforthebettermentofsociety.

除了個人發(fā)展，為自己的行為承擔責任對社會進步也很重要。assumev.承擔（責任）；就（職）；取得（權力）①Themassmediashouldassume

responsibilityfor

socialeducation.

大眾傳媒應該承擔起社會教育的責任。②MrCrosswillassumetheroleofChiefExecutivewithateamoffourdirectors.克勞斯先生將出任首席執(zhí)行官，手下有4位經(jīng)理。assumev.假定；假設；認為①Iassumethat

youneedtomakeanapologytoher.我認為你需要向她道歉。②Letusassumeforamomentthattheplansucceeds.

咱們暫時假設計劃成功。③________(assume)thatwecan'tgetthenecessaryequipment,

wewillhavetogiveuptheexperiment.

assumingthat表示"假設/如果"，引導從句，相當于if引導的條件狀語從句。Assumingbettermentn.

改進；改善；改良betteradj.較好的，更好的v.

超過，勝過；改善，改進①Hisresearchisforthebettermentofmankind.

他的研究是為了人類進步。②翻譯：我們正在為改善社會而工作。

Weareworkingforthe

betterment

ofsociety.

9.Youmayhaveheardthestoryof

asmallboy

whotriedtosave

starfish

leftonthebeach

afterastorm,by

throwingthembackintothesea.關系代詞who引導定語從句，修飾

asmallboy過去分詞短語作定語，修飾starfish方式狀語(Line32)Passers-bytoldhimthathewaswastinghistime,

forhecouldnotpossiblysavethemall.However,theboywasnotdiscouraged,

believingthathecouldmakeadifferencetotheonesthathesaved.Asaresult,

thepassers-byfeltinspiredandjoinedhiminsavingthestarfish.Similarly,the

littlethingsyoudocanmakeadifference!路人們告訴他，他是在浪費時間，因為他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并沒有氣餒，他相信自己能影響那些被他救起的海星。結果，路人們受到啟發(fā)，和他一起拯救海星。同樣，你所做的小事也能帶來不同!10.However,theboywasnotdiscouraged,believingthathecouldmakeadifferencetotheonesthathesaved.V-ing作

狀語賓語從句定語從句makea/no/some/...differencetosb/sth

有（或沒有、有些等）作用，關系，影響①

Changingschoolsmadeabigdifferencetomylife.

轉學對我的一生有著重大影響。②

這場雨對比賽沒多大影響。

Theraindidn'tmakemuchdifferencetothegame.

discouraged

adj.

灰心的，泄氣的【同根詞】discourage

v.

使泄氣，使喪失信心；阻攔，阻止discouragesbfromdoingsth

使某人泄氣而不做某事①Allthemembersfeltdiscouragedbecauseoftheslowprogressinwork.

因為工作進展緩慢，所有成員都感到灰心喪氣。

②

Youshouldnotletonefailurediscourageyou.

你不該失敗一次就灰心。

③

沒有人可以阻止我追求夢想。

Noonecandiscouragemefrompursuingmydream.discouragingadj.令人泄氣的，令人沮喪的discouragementn.

勸阻(不可數(shù))；使人泄氣的事物，挫折(可數(shù))couragen.勇氣encouragev.鼓勵encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事【拓展】用courage的相關形式填空。①.It's

thatsomanystudentshavefailed.②.Despiteallthese

,sherefusedtogiveup.③.Peopleshouldhave

the

to

standupfortheirbeliefs.

④.Weare

to

learn

foreignlanguagesatschool.discouragementsdiscouragingcouragediscouraged根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示補全下面句子(每空一詞，

含縮略形式)。①

___________________________(別泄她的氣);she’sdoingherbest.②Hisfather____________________________________________________(阻止他參加)

theactivity,becausehethoughtitwasawasteoftime.③

Ithinkhemust____________________(感到沮喪)becauseofallthecriticismhehasreceived.④Wefelt_____________(discourage)whenweheardthe______________(discourage)news.Don’tdiscourageher

discouragedhimfromtakingfeeldiscouragedpartin

discourageddiscouraging(Line36)Forexample,pickingupgarbagearound

yourneighbourhoodcontributestoacleanerenvironment.Reportingaspeeding

carhelpsensureroadsafety.Beingenergy-efficientleadstosavingsofourprecious

naturalresources.Doingvolunteerworkatalocalnursinghomebringsloveand

warmthtotheelderly.例如，在社區(qū)清理垃圾有助于建設清潔環(huán)境。舉報一輛超速行駛的汽車有助于確保道路安全。節(jié)約能源就是節(jié)約我們寶貴的自然資源。在一家當?shù)仞B(yǎng)老院做義工會給老人們帶去愛和溫暖。(Line10)Justlikethe“starfishboy”,youmayeveninspirepeople

aroundyoutodothesame,whichisanaddedbonus.Workingtoge