2024年專(zhuān)八改錯(cuò)技巧總結(jié)

英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八改錯(cuò)解題思緒1.宏觀層面分析（1）句子構(gòu)造（理順整個(gè)句子的構(gòu)造，必要時(shí)檢索上下文）（2）邏輯關(guān)系（關(guān)聯(lián)詞選擇：并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、假設(shè)、讓步等）（3）時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（完畢時(shí)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣是考察重點(diǎn)）2.微觀層面分析（1）缺漏（介詞、代詞、引導(dǎo)詞）（2）冗余（兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、同義反復(fù)）（3）誤用（詞性、分詞、正反義、主被動(dòng)、形容詞和副詞級(jí)別）（4）壹致性（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、主謂壹致、先行詞）（5）詞義與固定搭配3.注意事項(xiàng)（1）雖然按照語(yǔ)感很快找到了疑似錯(cuò)誤，也要堅(jiān)持讀完全句再做判斷，也許會(huì)有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。過(guò)于相信第壹感覺(jué)而帶來(lái)的失分是劃不來(lái)的。（2）分兩次改比較合理，由于畢竟只有少數(shù)人可以在第壹遍看材料的時(shí)候就找出所有的錯(cuò)誤，盡管這些錯(cuò)誤不見(jiàn)得隱藏得多深。（3）常考題型，高度警惕。冠詞：the變a,a變the，補(bǔ)the補(bǔ)a，刪a刪the，每年都玩的把戲。單復(fù)數(shù)：無(wú)非是his變their之類(lèi)的，關(guān)鍵是細(xì)心。近義詞：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests…反義詞：尤其看到dis,un,im，in，non之類(lèi)的，更要揣摩壹下。關(guān)聯(lián)詞：幾乎是保留節(jié)目，and,but,however,though,moreover,therefore…非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：見(jiàn)了ing想ed，見(jiàn)了ed想ing,就是這樣賤。形容詞比較級(jí)：多半是把原形改為比較級(jí)。考的頻率也蠻高的。虛擬語(yǔ)氣：注意壹下還是比較輕易看出來(lái)的，多長(zhǎng)個(gè)心眼兒吧。It：有時(shí)要加，有時(shí)要?jiǎng)h，有時(shí)要變itself，總之多盯“它”幾眼。動(dòng)詞詞組：其實(shí)重要是介詞的問(wèn)題，這個(gè)沒(méi)措施臨時(shí)抱佛腳，要靠積累.改錯(cuò)：

1、改錯(cuò)雖然為主觀題，但錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型相對(duì)集中，可分為如下幾種狀況：

定冠詞：a,an,the誤用，甚至多出來(lái)；處理措施：分析定冠詞的主語(yǔ)及上下文有無(wú)指代；

級(jí)：分兩類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，第壹種是原級(jí)用成比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)用成最高級(jí)，反之亦然。有壹種除外，是兩者比較誰(shuí)最佳，可以用最高級(jí)；第二種是意思相反，如most改為least；

連詞錯(cuò)誤：也分兩種，第壹種為連詞誤用，應(yīng)當(dāng)表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的用成了并列，例如while改為and；第二種為近義詞。在不壹樣語(yǔ)境中用However,Nonetheless,比用but更合適，更合乎語(yǔ)法；（與邏輯關(guān)系也有關(guān)，看上下文，聯(lián)絡(luò)語(yǔ)境）

詞性錯(cuò)誤：多出現(xiàn)為形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦痹~，反之亦然；也有也許是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所說(shuō)；形容詞改為動(dòng)詞或名詞等，多出目前壹詞多性的狀況下；

形容詞限定錯(cuò)誤：出目前adj.+adj.+n.要懂得第1個(gè)adj.是限定第2個(gè)adj.還是限定n.；若是限定第2個(gè)adj.，大多改為副詞adv.；

搭配錯(cuò)誤：多為介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤，如insomeextent改為to，relyin改為on等；也有搭配詞沒(méi)有給出，需要自已添加，例如define...as；

詞義錯(cuò)誤：例如：ratherthan改為otherthan；（此項(xiàng)比較難）

近義形容詞錯(cuò)誤：例如：respective,respectable,respectful,respecting,respected；（此項(xiàng)比較難）

缺失：例如thefact背面直接接了句子，中間缺乏that，表明同位關(guān)系；

多出：有的地方莫名其妙多出壹種詞，多為介詞，是沒(méi)有用的；

詞義相反：多出目前形容詞，需要在前面添加或去掉in-,im-,ir-,un-等否認(rèn)前綴；

積極被動(dòng)：分析主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系是積極還是被動(dòng)，多出目前分句中；

三單：主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)與否為不可數(shù)名詞，是的話(huà)怎樣判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，還是有特殊使用方法；

時(shí)態(tài)：目前時(shí)用為過(guò)去式，或者進(jìn)行時(shí)用成了目前時(shí)等；

定語(yǔ)從句用錯(cuò)先行詞：which用成了that；難點(diǎn)兒的例如：forwhich用成了which，要懂得forwhich=why,in/atwhich=where；尚有什么狀況下必須用that，例如人和物搭配，序數(shù)詞，theone,theonly,不缺任何成分，有否認(rèn)詞，有all等；如下八大高頻考點(diǎn)的分類(lèi)出自《華研·專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)與改錯(cuò)》，現(xiàn)將八大類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤整頓如下，重要包括：1.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤；2.易混詞錯(cuò)誤；3.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤；4.代詞錯(cuò)誤（壹致錯(cuò)誤）；5.冠詞錯(cuò)誤；6.形容詞和副詞使用錯(cuò)誤；7.成分殘缺或冗余；8.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。筆者認(rèn)為這八類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤基本涵蓋了改錯(cuò)考試中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，首先理解錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型，對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)改錯(cuò)具有重要意義。此外，筆者在總結(jié)《華研·專(zhuān)八人文知識(shí)與改錯(cuò)》和《星火·專(zhuān)八改錯(cuò)滿(mǎn)分突破60篇》兩本練習(xí)冊(cè)中近100篇改錯(cuò)題的基礎(chǔ)上，搜集其中出現(xiàn)的所有經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例子（語(yǔ)法詞匯類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤居多），并根據(jù)所屬錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型整頓如下。（注意：帶—>的表達(dá)前邊的是錯(cuò)誤的，後邊的是改正之後的；其他的沒(méi)有對(duì)的錯(cuò)誤之分）1.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤（大部分為介詞錯(cuò)誤）carry/getwiththings–>carry/getonwiththingstoletalone–>letaloneinreturnto–>inreturnfortheneedof–>theneedforsubstituteAwithB–>substituteAforBaccount70%

-->accountfor70%underthegroundsof/that–>onthegroundsof/thatattitudeonlife–>attitudetowards/tolifeinaquickspeed–>ataquickspeedwithmanyrespects–>inmanyrespectsatthefaceof–>intheface(s)ofconsiderationsto…–>considerationsfor…becomevictimsof…

-->becomevictimsto…rideinatrain–>rideonatraintheproblemswiththegovernment–>theproblemsforthegovernmentresistiveagainst–>resistivetoresistanceof–>resistancetoembarksth–>embarkonsthwiththebeliefthat–>inthebeliefthatatadvanceofsth–>inadvanceofsthinterpret…to–>interpret…asinlineto–>inlinewithtovaringdegrees–>invaringdegreestakeprideof–>takeprideinleapouttome–>leapoutatmeinjectthemlethalstrains–>injectthemwithlethalstrainschargehim

with

thesameprice–>chargehimthesamepriceimbalanceofAandB–>imbalancebetweenAandBshortageofproteinwiththem–>shartageofproteinamongthemfortifysbforsth–>fortifysbagainststh(加強(qiáng)…以抵御…)shedlighttosth–>shedlightonsthinproportionwith–>inproportiontopayforitwithdollars–>payforitindollarsbeinlibertyto–>beatlibertytobeginatdoing–>beginwithdoingbecontrastedto–>becontrastedwithcommitanoffenceto–>commitanoffenceagainstmoderntime–>moderntimesabilityof(doing)sth–>abilityin(doing)sthdefendsthagainst–>defendsthfromatthefirstplace–>inthefirstplacepaymoneyindoing–>paymoneyfordoingtaketodo–>taketodoing(“求援于，開(kāi)始”，to為介詞)yearnto–>yearnforataverage–>onaverageidentifyoneselfto–>identifyoneselfwithbesuccessfulondoing–>besuccessfulat/indoinggetone’steethon–>getone’steethinto(埋頭做，認(rèn)真做)theactionofformation–>theactionofforming(of後應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞而非名詞)approachtodo…–>approachtodoing…onecontributorof–>onecontributortoconsumersdemandofluxurygoods–>consumersdemandforluxurygoodsonone’s30s–>inone’s30sbalkto–>balkat(回避，繞過(guò))differAfromB–>distinguishAfromBsuittosb/sth–>suitforsb/sthvaryby–varywithemphasisof–emphasison2.易混詞錯(cuò)誤(1)形近異義詞imaginative–imaginaryadapt–adoptconfirm–conformformer–formaldiary–dairypersonal–personnelbeside–besidesprincipal–principleintelligent–intelligibleconscious–conscientiousstationary–stationeryconsiderate–considerableaffect(影響)–effect(致使、到達(dá))contact–contractmoral–moraleindustrious–industrialdesert–dessertrequire–acquire–inquirepresence–presentationsensible–sensitivetransformation–transmissionvalue–evaluatetense–tensionanything–somethingcooker–cookcomplexity(復(fù)雜性)–complex(合成體)insurance–assuranceprovide(提供)–provided/providing(假設(shè)，假如)perceive–conceiveeffective(有效的)–affective(受…影響的，由…引起的)(2)形近(形異)近義詞latter–laterlate(遲的，已故的)–latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距離更遠(yuǎn))–further(程度更深入)healthy(健康的)–healthful(有益健康的)effective–efficientcontinual(持續(xù)的)–continuous(持續(xù)不停的)respectable–respectfulhistoric–historicalrise–arise–raise–arousesure–insure–ensure–assureinreturnto–inresponsetoopposite–oppositionproducing–productivelonely–aloneacross–crossimpressed--impressivepermit(n.通行證)–permissionrelating–relatedmemorizing–memorablenormal(n.常態(tài),壹般原則,壹般水平)–norm(規(guī)范,行為原則)favorite–favorableacceptability–acceptanceeconomical–economicfew–littleafew–fewlittle–alittleinvent–discoverbefore–agoanother–otheragent(代理人)–agency(代理機(jī)構(gòu))reward(回饋)–award(獎(jiǎng)賞)special–specific(3)兼有兩種形式的副詞firstly–first(firstly用于列舉條目或者表達(dá)次序，first表達(dá)時(shí)間上“第壹次、初次”)hardly(幾乎不)–hard(努力地)sure–surelylate–latelyclear(完全地、徑直地)–clearly(顯然、清晰地)high(高度高地)–highly(程度高地、非常)close(靠近地、緊密地)–closely(緊密地、嚴(yán)密地)most(最)–most(大部分)(4)反義詞with–withoutpossible–impossiblesubjective–objectiveimport–exportbetter–worseemployee–employeremployment–unemploymentmodifiable–unmodifiablenatural–unnaturaldiscernable–indiscernablelent–borrowedexclusive–inclusiveindependency–dependencywilling–unwillingnothingmorethan–nothinglessthanagree–disagreerarely–frequently/oftenspecific–generalless–more(stillmore–stillless)most–leastknown–unknownrespective–irrespective(irrespectiveof表達(dá)“不管…”)majority–minorityresultin–resultfromfortunately–unfortunatelypowerful–powerlesseasiness–uneasinessprofessional–amateuraware–unawareinclude–exclude(5)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)異義moral–morals(作名詞時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表達(dá)“道德、倫理”)collection(不可數(shù)名詞表達(dá)“多種原因集合體”)–collections(可數(shù)名詞表達(dá)“收藏品”)manner(措施,方式)–manners(禮儀,禮節(jié))saving–savings(復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)“存款”)specie(硬幣)–species(種類(lèi))（species只有單數(shù)）mean(n.平均值)–means(措施)(6)易混短語(yǔ)livewith(同…壹起生活,忍受)–liveby(靠…過(guò)活)goabout(doing)sth(開(kāi)始做某事,到處走動(dòng),流傳,常常從事于)–goaround(到處走動(dòng),繞道走)tendto–intendtoinnextweek(以當(dāng)下時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn))–inthenextweek(以過(guò)去的時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn))spend…indoingsth–spend…onsthdieof(內(nèi)部)–diefrom(外部)ratherthan–otherthanhavesbdosth–havesthdonetakeon(從事，開(kāi)始對(duì)付，展現(xiàn))–goon(繼續(xù))takeplace–taketheplaceofconsistin(在于)–consistof(包括)inall(總共)–afterall(畢竟)inreturn(作為報(bào)答)–inturn(反過(guò)來(lái)，輪番)onereasonfor+短語(yǔ)–onereasonwhy+句子bringout(使顯露，使顯現(xiàn))–bringup(教育，培養(yǎng)，提出，(船)抵達(dá)目的地)beworthdoing–beworthwhiletodoreactto(對(duì)…作出反應(yīng))–reactwith(以…作出反應(yīng))apply…to(將…應(yīng)用于)–applyfor(祈求，申請(qǐng))3.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤（連詞使用錯(cuò)誤）therefore–nevertheless/however

(大部分therefore都要改為however,反之亦然)and–but/whileor–andbut–becausemoreover–howeverafter–beforesince–althoughthereisno…–thereisalso…that–iffromnowon–fromthenonall–nonebesides–yetif–unlessbesides–excepttherefore–becauseso–becausesodoeshe…–neither/nordoeshe…that’swhy+成果–that’sbecause+原因asif–evenifwhether–if4.代詞錯(cuò)誤（壹致錯(cuò)誤）their–itsthat–those

(需要尤其注意)which–that(有些狀況下關(guān)系代詞只能用that)which–whatit–itself(主賓相似，賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞)that/this–it(只有it可作形式主語(yǔ))his–one’s(泛指時(shí)用one)you–yourselfit–theythis–suchXXislesssophisticatedthanwhattheyaretoday–XXislesssophisticatedthantheyaretoday5.冠詞錯(cuò)誤(1)定冠詞多出ontheeitherside–>oneithersideintheEurope–>inEuropeinthewinter–>inwinter(季節(jié)前不加定冠詞)Kaufman,the/anauthorofarecentbook–Kaufman,authorofarecentbook(同位語(yǔ)間完全對(duì)等關(guān)系，不必使用冠詞)taketheissue–>takeissue(對(duì)…持異議，不壹樣意)(2)定冠詞缺漏amongmost–>amongthemostoneoffirst–>oneofthefirstatmosphere–>theatmosphere(表達(dá)獨(dú)壹無(wú)二的事物)（此外尚有如：theEquator,theOuterspace）betweenusandrest–>betweenusandtherestinminority–>intheminorityaroundfloor–>aroundthefloorpiano–>thepiano(西洋樂(lè)器的前面要有定冠詞)Englishlanguage–>theEnglishlanguageatheartof–>attheheartofworld–>theworld(表達(dá)“地球”這種獨(dú)壹無(wú)二的事物要加定冠詞)inlongrun–>inthelongrun

(3)定冠詞與不定冠詞之間的誤用illustratethefurtherdifference–>illustrateafurtherdifference(diference第壹次提及)注意如下短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別inchurch–inthechurchatcollege–atthecollegeincourt–inthecourtinhospital–inthehospitalinoffice–intheofficeinprison–intheprisonatsea–attheseainschool–intheschoolattable–atthetable6.形容詞與副詞使用錯(cuò)誤havebeencurrently–>currentbewellequippedas–>beaswellequippedasheavyindustrialized–>heavily-industrializedspreadcolossal–>spreadcolossallysimilarstrong–>similarlystrongkeepthenumberconstantlyatXayear–>keepnumberconstantatXayearfeelhopelessthwarted–>feelhopelesslythwartedcomparativehighproportion–>comparativelyhighproportion(quakes)startdeeplyintheearth–>startdeepintheearthinthepassed5years–>inthepast5yearscultureembeddedattitudes–>culturallyembeddedattitudesasmuchas–>asoftenasfromonemeterafar–>fromonemeterawayincreasing–>increasinglysimple–>simplypure–>purelymuch–>manymany–>morelarge–>largerearly–>earlier7.成分殘缺或多出(單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤)aworldwhichIcouldget…–>aworldinwhichIcouldget…shows–>thatshows(先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略)takeforgrantedthat–>takeitforgratedthat1980–1980soneofthemostglaringform–>oneofthemistglaringformstheirjobsengageintheirinterest