2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷（一）（全國(guó)甲卷）

2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷（一）（全國(guó)甲卷）

英語(yǔ)

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿(mǎn)分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需

改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，

寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)

涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

I.（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Afestival.B.Anancestor.C.Akindoffood.

【答案】A

［原文】M:Lisa,whatisTombsweepingDay?

Writ'satraditionalChinesefestivalwherewepayrespecttoourancestorsanddeadfamily

members.

M:Oh,Iseeyouguyseatsomegreendumplings.Whataretheymadeof?

W:Stickyriceandvegetablejuicewithredbeansinside.

2.（2023?全國(guó),模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Howmuchwastheoriginalpriceofthecamera?

A.$300.B.$280.C.$230.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Isawanadvertisementinthenewspaperaboutacamerayouhaveonspecialoffer.

W:Yes,theSonyCybershotDSCT300.Ifs$50cheapernow,only$230.

M:Great.Tiltakeit.

3.（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wherearethespeakersgoing?

A.Tothehotel.B.Tothetrainstation.C.Totheairport.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Weshould'veleft30minutesearlier!Trafficisawful!Wearegoingtomissourflight!

M:Weneedanextrahourtogetthere!Wearen'tevenhalfwaytotheairport.Plus,weneedto

checkinandgothroughsecurity.

4.（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?

A.Abusinesswoman.B.Auniversityteacher.C.Auniversitystudent.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Congratulations!Ihearyouaregoingtouniversity.

W:Thanks.Butactually,it'smytwinsisterwhoisgoingtouniversity.Fmgoingtodobusiness

withmyfather,Iwanttobeeasuccessfulbusinesswoman.

5.（2023?全國(guó)?二模）Whydoesthemanpayextra?

A.Hewantstobuythebook.B.Heborrowedthebook.C.Hereturnedthebooklate.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Sorry,thisbiographyisoverthedeadline.Youshouldpayextraforit.

M:Iwasthinkingofbuyingthisfromthebookstorewhenmyfathergotthisfromthelibrary.

Anyway,howmuchshouldIpay?

W:Onedollar,please.

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。

6.Whatdoesthemanplantodothisafternoon?

A.Goswimming.

B.Gotoclass.

C.Gotothelibrary.

7.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?

A.Collectinformationforhispaper.

B.Helphimwithhischemistry.

C.Teachhimtostudymath.

【答案】6.C7.B

【原文】W:Wouldyouliketogoswimmingthisafternoon?

M:IwishIcould,butIhavetospendtherestofthedayinthelibrary.Ihaveatenpagepaperto

finish.Ishouldhanditintomorrow.

W:IsthatforMr.Smith'sclass?

M:Yes.Ihavetowriteanarticleontheinfluenceoftheinventionofpapermakingaccordingto

whatwelearnedinclass.AndIhavetostudymathandchemistry,too.Idon'tknowhowFm

goingtodoitatall.

W:Well,Tvebeendoingwellinchemistry,soI'dbehappytohelpyou.

M:Thanks.Filseeyouinfrontofthelibrary.

W:OK.Goodluckwiththepaper.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。

8.Whatdidthewomanorderatlast?

A.Abeefsandwich.B.Ahotdog.C.Chickenbreast.

9.Whereisthewoman?

A.Inhercar.B.Atthecashier9sdesk.C.Inheroffice.

【答案】8.C9.A

【原文】M:Hello,weletoBurgerBarn.CanItakeyourorder?

W:IthinkFilhaveabeefsandwich,friesandacoffee,please.

M:Okay.Oh,I'msorry.We'reoutofbeefsandwichestoday.Howaboutahotdogormaybesome

chicken?

W:Yeah.IthinkI'llgoforthechickenplease.

M:Alright.Doyouwantbreastmeatorlegmeat?

W:Ah,breastmeatplease.Someoneinmyofficeonceremendedthattome.

M:Okay,soyoucangoaheadanddrivethroughtothecashier'sdesktopayforyourmeal.Your

totalisgoingtobe$6.

W:Thankyou.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。

10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inalibrary.B.Inaclassroom.C.Onaplayingfield

11.Whatsubjectdoesthemanneedhelpwith?

A.History.B.Math.C.English.

12.Whywasthemanawayfromschoolforawhile?

A.Hetookaholiday.B.Hebrokehisleg.C.Hewentforfootballtraining.

【答案】10.B11.A12.B

【原文】W:Enjoyyourlittleholiday?

M:Oh,haha!HaveImissedmuch?

W:Notreally,assumingyou'vedoneallthehomeworkMissBakersent?

M:Yes,FvedonethereadingforEnglishandfinishedthemathhomework.Itwouldbegreatif

youwentthroughthisnewhistoryprojectwithme.

W:Sure!Let'sgotothelibraryafterlunch,andI'llexplain.

M:Thanks.

W:So,how'stheleg?

M:Improving.Itdoesn'thurtmuchanymore.

W:Tveneverbrokenabonebefore.Wasitawful?

M:Honestly,Ididn'treallyfeelthepainuntillater.Atthetime,IwasjustsickoverthefactIhad

toleavethefieldwhentheteamwerelosingbyninepoints!

W:Footballisadangeroussport!

M:Itsureis!

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。

13.Whoarethespeakers?

A.Teacherandstudent.B.Acouple.C.Friends.

14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Whetherkidsshouldworkforpocketmoney.

B.Howkidscanbalanceworkandstudy.

C.Whatkidscandoathome.

15.Whatdidthemandowhenhewasyoung?

A.Hewashedthedishes.B.Heworkedonafarm.C.Hedeliverednewspapers.

16.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetowardssleepfbryoungpeople?

A.Theyhavetoomuchsleep.B.Theyshouldhaveenoughsleep.C.Theyshouldgotobed

early.

【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.B

【原文】W:Doyouthinkyoungpeopleshouldalsohavejobswhentheyareatschool?

M:Ido.Ithinkkidsshouldworkfbrtheirpocketmoney.

W:Whatkindofwork?

M:Helpingwiththewashingup,cleaning...whatever.Theyshouldrealizetheyneedtoworkif

theywanttohavemoney.

W:Mykidsareverygoodatthosethings.Bothofthemhelpwithjobsaroundthehouse.

M:Thafsgood,butIdon'tthinkallyoungpeoplearelikethatthesedays.

W:Tobefair,Isupposealotofparentswanttheirkidstoconcentrateontheirschoolwork.

M:Ialwayshadenoughtimetodomyschoolworkinmyyouth,eventhoughIalsoworkedonmy

dad'sfarm.

W:Iusedtodelivernewspapers.Ihadtobeupat6:00a.m.,whatevertheweather.

M:Itdidn'tdoyouanyharm,didit?Ibetyoustilldidwellatschool.

W:IdidOK,althoughIwastiredallday.Ireallythinkyoungpeopleneedtogetenoughsleep.It

issleepthathelpstheirbrainsdevelop.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

（2023?全國(guó)?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。

17.WhydidMarthaquitherearlierjob?

A.Shewasbadlypaid.

B.Thebosstooknointerestinherideas.

C.Thestaffwerequiteunfriendly.

18.WhatdoesMarthafindmostamazingaboutthemobilerestaurant?

A.Shecandecideonthemenu.

B.Allisadvertisedonline.

C.Justalittlefoodiswasted.

19.WhatisthebestthingforMarthaaboutthemobilerestaurant?

A.Customerspayinadvance.B.Shecanworkoutdoors.C.Nowaiterisneeded.

20.WhatcauseddifficultytoMarthawhenshedidamealonthebeach?

A.Thesun.B.Thewind.C.Therain.

【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.B

【原文】M:Martha,youusedtoworkasachef,butnowyourunyourown“mobilerestaurant”.

How?

W:Well,Ihadallsortsofideasfornewdishes,whichthestaffthoughtwouldsell,buttheboss

wasn'tinterested.Thafswhenafriendtoldmeaboutthe“mobilerestauranf,idea.Itsoundsgreat.

M:Soyoucandecideonyourmenu?

W:Yes,butobviouslytheonesIknowhowtocook,thenIadvertiseitsopeoplecanbookameal.

Themostamazingthingisthatalltheadvertisingisdonethroughwebsites.Andbecauseyou

knowhowmanypeopleyou'recookingfor,fooddoesn'tgetwasted.

M:Nice.

W:Besides,Icouldbuyallthethingswithoutriskbecausecustomerspayinadvance.Thegreatest

advantage,though,isbyhavingtencustomersatmost,Idon'tneedtohireawaiter.

M:Doyoueverrunintoproblems?

W:Yes,Ididonemealonabeachandthewindblewsandintopeople'sfood.Fortunately,Fd

broughtalargeumbrellatoprotectmyselffromthesun,soIputitaroundtheirtableinstead!

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

（2023,全國(guó),校聯(lián)考三模）MoneySmartYouthAmbassadors

About

YouthfromacrossMichigancanbeefinancialleadersbyapplyingtobea4HMoneySmart

YouthAmbassador.ThisprogramsponsoredbyMichiganStateUniversityExtension4HYouth

Developmentstartedin2020andprovidesanopportunityforyoungpeopletospreadfinancial

knowledgewiththeirpeersbymeansofmedia.

MoneySmartYouthAmbassadorsgainleadershipandpublicspeakingexperiencebyserving

asguestspeakersduringpresentationsandpodcasts（播客），developinggames,creatingsocial

mediacampaigns,writingarticlesandprovidingvaluableinputintofuturefinancialeducation

programs.Checkouttheiramazingworkbelow!

HowtoJoin

ThisprogramisopentoallMichiganyouthaging1219.

ApplicationsareaccepteduntilAugust1annuallyfortheupingyear.Interviewstakeplacein

AugustorSeptember.

AmbassadorExpectations

?ServeasaMichigan4HMoneySmartYouthAmbassadormemberfromSeptembertoJune.

?Createandpromotemoneyeducationandprogramslocally.

?Bepresentatallvirtualmeetingsasscheduledwithatleast75%attendanceatmonthly

meetings.

?Contactthegroupadvisorsifunabletoparticipateinconferencecalls,meetings,eventsor

trainingsastheyarescheduled.

ResourcesCreatedbyMoneySmartYouthAmbassadors

?Articles

Readaboutinterestingmoneytopicstohelpyoubeesmartconsumersandgetaheadstarton

growingyourwealth.Thesearticleswerewrittenbyyouthfbryouth.

?MinimalismandMoneySavingbyAlexisV.

?MultiplyingyourMoneyEarlybyLeahL.

?Games

HavefunlearningwhatittakestogrowyourmoneywiththesegamescreatedbyourMoney

SmartYouthAmbassadors.

?KahootGameonCreditbyBrookeR.

?MoneyWordSearchbyHarperJaneA.

Formoreinformation,contactagroupadvisor:

KathyJamieson,Jamies13@msu.edu

21.Whatisamusttoapplyfortheprogram?

A.HavingMichiganidentity.

B.Reachingtheageof19.

C.Owning4Hmembership.

D.Havingfinancialbackground.

22.WhatisaMoneySmartYouthAmbassador'sduty?

A.Makinggenerousdonations.

B.Publishingfinancialarticles.

C.Attendingvirtualmeetings.

D.Promotingprogramsworldwide.

23.Whyarethegamesincludedinthetext?

A.Toaddfuntocourses.

B?Toprovidefinancialknowledge.

C.Tointroducefinancialbackground.

D.Tocollectfundfortheprogram.

【答案】21.A22.C23.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了由密歇根州立大學(xué)推廣的4H青年發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)項(xiàng)

目招聘“精明理財(cái)青年大使”的通知。

【詳解】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)About中“YouthfromacrossMichigancanbeefinancialleadersby

applyingtobea4HMoneySmartYouthAmbassador.（密歇根各地的年輕人可以通過(guò)申請(qǐng)成為

4H精明理財(cái)青年大使來(lái)成為金融領(lǐng)袖。廠(chǎng)以及HowtoJoin中“Thisprogramisopentoall

Michiganyouthaging1219.（這個(gè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)所有1219歲的密歇根青年開(kāi)放。）”可知，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)是

針對(duì)密歇根地區(qū)青少年的活動(dòng)，必須擁有密歇根身份。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AmbassadorExpectations中“Bepresentatallvirtualmeetingsasscheduled

withatleast75%attendanceatmonthlymeetings.（按計(jì)劃出席所有虛擬會(huì)議，每月會(huì)議的出席

率至少為75%。戶(hù)可知，精明理財(cái)青年大使需要參加虛擬會(huì)議。故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Games中“Havefirnlearningwhatittakestogrowyourmoneywiththese

gamescreatedbyourMoneySmartYouthAmbassadors.（通過(guò)我們的精明理財(cái)青年大使創(chuàng)造的

游戲，學(xué)習(xí)如何增長(zhǎng)您的資金，讓您玩得開(kāi)心。戶(hù)可知，文中推薦游戲的目的是幫助申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)

目的青少年在娛樂(lè)中需要了解什么才能積累錢(qián)，即提供金融知識(shí)。故選B。

B

（2023?廣東廣州?統(tǒng)考三模）InhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees,sciencewriterZachSt.

Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration（遷徙），asforestsmoveinchbyinchtomore

hospitableplaces.Asoldtreesdieandnewonesgrowup,theforestis-eversoslightly-moving,

hewrites.4"Throughthefbssils（化石）thatancientforestsleftbehind,scientistscantracktheir

movement.Theymovebackandforthacrosscontinents,likemigratingbirdsorwhales."

Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetendstobethedriving

force-pushingandpullingforestsaroundtheglobe.Ofcourse,today,climatechangeisspeeding

up,andtreescan'tkeeppace.TakeCalifomnia:Ifsgettinghotteranddrierandscientistsestimate

thatbeforetoolong,JoshuaTreeNationalParkmaynotbeabletosustainJoshuatrees.ZachSt.

GeorgedescribesasimilarthreattoSequoiaNationalPark,duringCalifornia'slongandsevere

droughtafewyearsback.

ScientistsworriedthatmaybeSequoiaNationalParkwouldnolongerbetheplaceforgiant

sequoias.St.Georgethinksatsomepointwewilllosetheseancienttreesandwewillhaveto

thinkaboutwhatwedowiththeplaces,anddoweplantnewonessomewhereelse?Thisisknown

as""assistedmigration^^一humansplantingtreesinotherplaceswherethey'remorelikelytogrow

well.Butthisprocesscarriesrisks-peoplecanaccidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonew

places,wheretheymaywipeoutentirenativepopulations.So,St.Georgewrites,there'sadebate

amongconservationistsandforesterstoday:Shouldhumanshelpthetreesescape?

“Ithinktherearegoingtobeinstanceswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelp

speciesmovetoplaceswherethey511bemoresuitableinthefuture,,9St.Georgesays."AndImeta

lotofpeopleintheprocesswhohavefeltsorryaboutwhathasbeenlostandwhatwillbe

lost-andarestillcontinuingtotryanddogoodandworkinthemomentforsmallthings.^^

24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inParagraph1referto?

A.Animals.B.Fossils.C.Scientists.D.Forests.

25.WhyisSequoiaNationalParkmentioned?

A.Toconfirmtheproblemofthelossoftreespeciesisserious.

B.Toarguehumansshouldberesponsibleforthelossoftrees.

C.Toexplainclimatechangeresultsinthemigrationofforests.

D.Toproveforestscanslowdowntheprocessofclimatechange.

26.Whatcanbeinferredaboutassistedmigration?

A.Itcanpreventthetreesescaping.

B.Itcanpromotebiologicaldiversity.

C.Itmayhelptoprotecttheforests.

D.Itmayaffectspeciesinnewplaces.

27.WhatisSt.George5sattitudetoassistedmigration?

A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous.D.Intolerant.

【答案】24.D25.C26.D27.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在科學(xué)作家扎克?圣喬治的新書(shū)《樹(shù)的旅程》中，他描述到森林

正在一寸一寸地向更適宜居住的地方遷移。文章分析了其原因和和科學(xué)家對(duì)此現(xiàn)象的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。

24.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)單詞上文“Asoldtreesdieandnewonesgrowup,theforestis-ever

soslightly-moving,hewrites."Throughthefbssils（化石）thatancientforestsleftbehind,

scientistscantracktheirmovement.（他寫(xiě)道，隨著老樹(shù)的死亡和新樹(shù)的成長(zhǎng)，森林正在哪

怕只是輕微地——移動(dòng)。“通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)古森林留下的化石，科學(xué)家可以追蹤它們的移動(dòng)。）”和劃

線(xiàn)單詞所在句子“Theymovebackandforthacrosscontinents,likemigratingbirdsorwhales（它

們?cè)诖箨懮蟻?lái)回移動(dòng)，就像候鳥(niǎo)或鯨魚(yú)）”可知，森林正在移動(dòng)，科學(xué)家通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)古森林留下的

化石可以追蹤森林的移動(dòng)，由此可知，“they（它們）”代指上文提到的森林，故選D。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechange

tendstobethedrivingforce-pushingandpullingforestsaroundtheglobe...ZachSt.George

describesasimilarthreattoSequoiaNationalPark,duringCalifornia^longandseveredroughta

fewyearsback.（這種情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生了幾千年，而氣候變化往往是驅(qū)動(dòng)力——推動(dòng)和拉動(dòng)全球

各地的森林……扎克?圣喬治描述了幾年前加利福尼亞長(zhǎng)期嚴(yán)重干旱期間對(duì)美洲杉國(guó)家公園

的類(lèi)似威脅。廠(chǎng)可推知，文章提到美洲杉國(guó)家公園是為了解釋氣候變化導(dǎo)致森林遷移。故選

Co

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thisisknownas''assistedmigration^^一humansplantingtreesin

otherplaceswherethey'remorelikelytogrowwell.Butthisprocesscarriesrisks-peoplecan

accidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonewplaces,wheretheymaywipeoutentirenative

population^這就是所謂的“協(xié)助遷徙”——人類(lèi)在其他地方種植樹(shù)木，因?yàn)槟抢锏臉?shù)木更容

易生長(zhǎng)良好。但這個(gè)過(guò)程也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——人們可能會(huì)不小心將昆蟲(chóng)和疾病帶到新的地方，在那

里它們可能會(huì)消滅整個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厝丝凇＃笨赏浦?，協(xié)助遷移可能會(huì)影響到新地方的物種。故選D。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“So,St.Georgewrites,there5sadebateamong

conservationistsandforesterstoday:Shouldhumanshelpthetreesescape?（因止匕，St.George寫(xiě)道,

今天在自然資源保護(hù)者和林業(yè)工作者之間有一個(gè)爭(zhēng)論：人類(lèi)應(yīng)該幫助樹(shù)木逃生嗎？廠(chǎng)和最后

一段中“"Ithinktherearegoingtobeinstanceswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinand

helpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey511bemoresuitableinthefuture/9St.Georgesays."AndI

metalotofpeopleintheprocesswhohavefeltsorryaboutwhathasbeenlostandwhatwillbe

lost-andarestillcontinuingtotryanddogoodandworkinthemomentforsmallthings.（“我認(rèn)

為將會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況：人們可能會(huì)介入，幫助物種遷移到未來(lái)更適合它們生存的地方，”

圣喬治說(shuō)。“在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我遇到了很多人，他們對(duì)已經(jīng)失去的和將要失去的樹(shù)木感到遺

憾，并且仍然在繼續(xù)努力做好事，在當(dāng)下為小事而努力。可推知，St.George對(duì)協(xié)助遷移

是支持的，故選A。

C

（2023?全國(guó)?一模）Deveza'smotherwasonthewaitinglistforakidneytransplant（腎移植）.

Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys,butshewasturneddownbecauseshemight

developthesamehealthproblemsashermotherinlaterlife.

Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld'sfirstpairedexchange

ofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliver（月干）forsomeoneelse?s

kidney.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished.Andthesurgeonswhowere

involvedarecallingformoreexchangeslikethis."Youcanimaginetheenormousimpactfor

mixedorganextendedchains/9saysJohnRoberts,asurgeonatUniversityofCalifornia,San

Francisco.

Mostorgantransplantsefrompeoplewhohavedied,butthereareneverenoughorgans.As

mostpeoplecanmanagewithjustoneoftheirkidneys,peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasingly

receivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends.Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmune

（免疫的）systemisunsuited,doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwouldbedonorswhocaneach

giveakidneytotheother5srelative.

WhenDevezawaslookingintosuchchains,shecameacrossresearchdescribingtheideaof

tradingakidneywiththeonlyotherorgangenerallytakenfromalivingdonor-theliver.She

suggestedtheideatomanyhospitalsbeforeshefinallycontactedRoberts,whosawtheidea's

potential.

Devezawasassessedtobeingoodenoughhealthtodonatepartofherliver.Itthentook18

monthstofindAnnieSimmons,inIdaho,whoseliverwasunsuitabletouseasatransplantforher

sisterwithsevereliverdisease.Theydrewupaplan:SimmonswoulddonateakidneytoDeveza's

mother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons'sister.Thehospitalgavethe

goaheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.

Theteamhopesthatthegroundbreakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthe

same.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextra

livingdonorlivertransplantsayear-atenpercentincrease.

28.WhatdidDevezadotosavehermother?

A.Carryingoutacasestudy.

B.Callingforkidneydonations.

C.Launchingamedicalexperiment.

D.Tradinghalfherliverfbrakidney.

29.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Patients,hopelessnesstosurvive.

B.Severalsourcesoforgandonation.

C.Currentsituationoforgantransplants.

D.Doctors9effortstoimproveorgantransplants.

30.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons?

A.Itdiscouragedorgandonation.

B.Itbroughttwofamiliestogether.

C.Itmetwithwidespreadapproval.

D.Itproducedadesirableoute.

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MyLiver,YourKidney

B?Mother'sLove,OurHappiness

C.OrganTransplant:BlessingforPatients

D.OrganExchange:MajorMedicalAdvances

【答案】28.D29.C30.D31.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了世界上第一次活體捐贈(zèng)者之間不同器官的配對(duì)交

換手術(shù)及手術(shù)的意義。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句"Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestarted

theworld'sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfher

liver（肝）forsomeoneelse'skidney.（Deveza想出了一個(gè)不同的計(jì)劃。2017年，她開(kāi)始了世界

上第一次活體捐贈(zèng)者之間不同器官的配對(duì)交換，用一半的肝臟換別人的腎臟）”可知，為了救

自己的母親，Deveza打算用自己一半的肝臟換別的捐贈(zèng)者的腎臟。由此可知，為了救她的

母親，Deveza決定用半個(gè)肝臟換一個(gè)腎臟。故選D項(xiàng)。

29.主旨大意題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵句"Mostorgantransplantsefrompeoplewhohave

died,butthereareneverenoughorgans.（大多數(shù)器官移植來(lái)自己經(jīng)去世的人，但器官永遠(yuǎn)不夠）”

和“Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmune（免疫的）systemisunsuited,doctorsmaybe

abletofindpairsofwouldbedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother'srelative.（如果有人

想捐獻(xiàn)，但他們的免疫系統(tǒng)不適合，醫(yī)生可能會(huì)找到兩對(duì)潛在的捐贈(zèng)者，他們可以各自給對(duì)

方的親屬一個(gè)腎）”可知，第三段主要介紹了器官移植的現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)需要接受器官移植的人來(lái)說(shuō)，

器官永遠(yuǎn)不夠，醫(yī)生為此想出了捐贈(zèng)者之間的配對(duì)交換。由此可知，第三段主要介紹了器官

移植的現(xiàn)狀。故選C項(xiàng)。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句"Theydrewupaplan:Simmonswoulddonateakidney

toDeveza9smother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons'sister.The

hospitalgavethegoaheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.（他們

制定了一個(gè)計(jì)劃：Simmons將把一個(gè)腎臟捐給Deveza的母親，作為回報(bào)，Deveza將把她的

一半肝臟捐給Simmons的妹妹。醫(yī)院批準(zhǔn)了手術(shù)，四次手術(shù)在同一天成功進(jìn)行）”可知,Deveza

和Simmons之間的器官交換得到了醫(yī)院的批準(zhǔn)，手術(shù)成功進(jìn)行，Deveza的母親和Simmons

的妹妹都得救了。由此可知，Deveza和Simmons之間的器官交換產(chǎn)生了令人滿(mǎn)意的結(jié)果。

故選D項(xiàng)。

31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句"Theydrewupaplan:Simmonswould

donateakidneytoDeveza9smother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons9

sister.Thehospitalgavethegoaheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesameday

successfiilly.（他們制定了一個(gè)計(jì)劃：Simmons將把一個(gè)腎臟捐給Deveza的母親，作為回報(bào)，

Deveza將把她的一半肝臟捐給Simmons的妹妹。醫(yī)院批準(zhǔn)了手術(shù)，四次手術(shù)在同一天成功

進(jìn)行）”可知，本文主要介紹了世界上第一次活體捐贈(zèng)者之間不同器官的配對(duì)交換手術(shù)，

Simmons把一個(gè)腎臟捐給Deveza的母親，Deveza把她的一半肝臟捐給Simmons的妹妹，這

讓兩個(gè)病人獲救。由此可知，MyLiver,YourKidney（我的肝臟，你的腎臟）適合作本文最佳標(biāo)

題。故選A項(xiàng)。

D

（2023?全國(guó)?校聯(lián)考二模）Withnewtechnologiessuchasartificialintelligenceandbigdata,

smartagricultureisexpectedtobringaboutessentialchangestotraditionalagricultureinChina.

ShiYun,aresearcherattheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,saidChinawould

realizefullymechanized,automated,anddigitalagriculturethroughdevelopingprecision

agriculturaltechnologies.

Precisionagricultureisanagriculturalmanagementsystemaimedatoptimizinginputsto

achievethemosteconomicandenvironmentalbenefits,usingtechnologiesineludingremote

sensingandsatellitenavigation.Precisionagricultureisabletobringdownlaborcosts,savewater,

fertilizers（月巴料）andpesticides,andreduceunnecessarydecisionmakingerrors.Sofar,

demonstrationbasesforsmartagriculturehavebeenbuiltin13areasincludingBeijing,

HeilongjiangprovinceandtheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.

Precisionirrigation—forinstance,dripirrigation（滴流灌溉）一cangreatlydecreasecostsand

increasetheefficiencyofwaterandfertilizeruse.Byincreasingsoiltemperature,storingwater,

andcontrollingdiseases,thetechniquehasimprovedwaterandfertilizeruse.Meanwhile,ithas

improvedcottonqualityandincreasedcottonproductioninXinjiang.

“Othertechnologiesforprecisionagriculturesuchasplantprotectiondrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）and

harvestingrobotscanalsosaveresourcesandcosts,increasingfarmers5inesandreducingtheir

economiclossescausedbynaturaldisasters,9,Shisaid.Dronescanautomaticallygenerateroutes

byaccessinghighdefinitionfarmlandmaps,flyandsprayaccurately,andprovidestandardized

agriculturalservices.

However,thedevelopmentofprecisionagriculturestillfaceschallengesandfallsbehind

developedcountries.Somecoreequipmentandtechniques,suchaspartsofagriculturalsensors,

stillrelyonimports,andbigshortagesremaininsmartagriculturetechnicians.Besides,more

financialsupportisneededtoprehensivelypromotesmartagriculturenationwide.Sinceartificial

intelligenceandroboticshavebeenappliedinChinaforarelativelyshorttime,itisnecessaryto

openupamodempathwithChinesecharacteristicsbasedonlocalconditions.

32.Whatarethebenefitsofprecisionagriculture?

A.Improvingtheenvironmentandsavingfertilizers.

B.Bringingdownlaborcostsandavoidingmistakes.

C.Increasingefficiencyandremovingsomediseases.

D.Generatingfarmlandmapsandprovidingservices.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimizing“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Gettingsomethingdoneconveniently.

B.Holdingapositiveattitudetosomething.

C.Makingsonethingaseffectiveaspossible.

D.Employingatraditionalwaytodosomething.

34.Howcanprecisionagriculturebedevelopedproperly?

A.Importingequipmentfromsomedevelopedcountries.

B.Workingoutwaystosuitlocalconditionsindifferentareas.

C.Usingartificialintelligenceandroboticstodevelopmodemcities.

D.Seekingfinancialsupportabroadtoimprovetheproductionofcrops.

35.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Smartagriculturehasreplacedtraditionalagriculture.

B.Artificialintelligencedependsonplantprolectiondrones.

C.Precisionagriculturehelpsboostagriculturalmodernization.

D.DemonstrationbasesforsmartagriculturehavebeenbuiltthroughoutChina.

【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了什么是精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的好處以及中國(guó)精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)

的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。

32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Pre