2024年高考英語(yǔ)考前必練卷8（新高考專(zhuān)用）（解析版）

密卷（新高考專(zhuān)用）08-2024年高考英語(yǔ)考前必練10套密卷

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位

號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類(lèi)型（A）填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答

題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。

2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息

點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。

3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域

內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，

不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。

4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最

佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)

話(huà)僅讀一遍。

1.Whatisthemangoingtodo?

A.Holdaparty.B.Gotothebookstore.C.Celebratehisbirthday.

【答案】A

【原文】W:There9sasalegoingon.Wouldyouliketogotothebookstorewithme?

M:rdliketo,butmyuncleiscomingtovisitusandFvearrangedapartyforhim.He'llcelebrate

hisfiftiethbirthday.

2.WhograduatedfromNanjingNormalUniversity?

A.Nancy'smother.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Michael,yourdaughterNancyhasgainedadmissiontoNanjingnormaluniversity.

Right?

M:Yes.Wordgetsaroundfast.

W:IfIremembercorrectly,ifsalsoyouroldschool.

M:Actually,it'smywiffe's.

3.WhatisthemanplanningtodoonSaturday?

A.Entertainrelatives.B.Skatewithfriends.C.GooutwithMary.

【答案】A

［原文］W:We'regoingskatingthisweekend.CanyouandMarycomealong?

M:Idon'tthinkwe'llbeabletomakeit.Mybrother'sfamilyiscomingonSaturday.

4.Whenwillthewomanmeethercousin?

A.Tomorrowevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Thisafternoon.

【答案】C

【原文】M:GwencamebackfromShanghailastnight.Lefshangoutwithherthisafternoon!

W:Sorry,Ihavetovisitmycousinthen.Iwon'tbebackuntiltomorrowmorning.

5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Inahotel.B.Inaschool.C.Inameetingroom.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Canyouchangetheroomforme?Ifstoonoisy.

W:Sorry,wedon'thaveanyspareroomtoday.Couldyouwaittilltomorrow?TheAmerican

People-to-PeopleEducationDelegationwillbeleavingtomorrowmorning.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)

選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)

完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whattimeisitwhentheconversationhappens?

A.At2:50pm.

B.At3:20pm.

C.Around3:10pm

7.Whatdoesthewomanplantodowiththepaper?

A.Tonotedownthesolareclipse（日食）.

B.Tostopthebirdssinging.

C.Toprotecthereyes.

【答案】6.C7.C

【原文】M:It'ssaidthat70%oftheskywillbecoveredbythebiggestsolareclipseinAmerica

thiscentury,butitlooksperfectlynormal.Areyousurewe911beabletoseeitinthisarea?

W:Itisn'ttimeyet.Youhavenopatience.Theysaiditwouldbeat20minutespast3.Westill

haveanother10minutesorso.

M:Isittruethatthebirdsaregoingtostopsinging?

W:TilbelieveitwhenIseeit,orrather,hearit.I'mgoingtogoandgetthepapertoseewithit.

M:Thafswhatyou'vebeendoingallmorning?

W:Yeah,well,theysaidyoucouldgoblindlookingatitdirectly,sothisisthesafestway.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

2

8.Whatdoesthemanworkfor?

A.Anonlinenewsagency.B.Anewspaper.C.ATVchannel.

9.Whydoesthemanliketobeajournalist?

A.Hetravelsalot.B.Heearnsahighpay.C.Hegetsjobsatisfaction.

【答案】8.A9.C

【原文】W:Whatdoyoudoforaliving?

M:Fmajournalist.

W:Really?Ihavegreatrespectforyouguys.Doyouworkforanewspaperoratelevision

channel?

M:Iworkforanonlinenewsagency.

W:Great.WhenIwasincollege,Iwaskeenonbecomingajournalist,butmyparentsdidn't

supportme.Theyfeltthatjournalismwasariskyfieldtobein,thoughtheyarewell-paidanddoa

lotoftraveling.

M:Yes,journalistshavetotakealotofrisksandchallenges.Sometimesweriskourownlivesin

ourquesttofindthetruth.Butthesatisfactionwegetishuge.Actually,thafswhatkeepsusinthis

job.

W:Youareright.Jobsatisfactionisfarmoreimportantthanjobsafety.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10-12題。

10.Whoworkswithcars?

A.Phil.B.Chris.C.Theman.

11.Whatdoesthemanwantintheapartment?

A.Twobedrooms.

B.Abathroomwithashower.

C.Twobathroomsandakitchen.

12.Whichpartofthecitydoesthemanliketolivein?

A.Thenorth.B.Thewest.C.Theeast.

【答案】10.A11.B12.B

【原文】W:Hello,Reynoldsestateagentshere.HowmayIhelpyou?

M:Hellothisisbill.I'mringingtoseewhatflatsyouhaveforrent.Threeofusaregoingtoshare

one.

W:Isee,areyoustudents?

M:No,we'veallgotfulltimejobs.Twoofusworkinthecentralbank.ThafsChrisandme.And

PhilworksforHarlemcars.

W:AndIsupposeyou'llbelookingforsomewherewiththreebedrooms.

M:Yeah,atleastthree.

W:Isthatwithalivingroomtoshareplusthekitchenandabathroom?

M:Thatsoundsgood.Butwemusthaveabathroomwithashower.Wedon'tmindhavingabath,

buttheshoweriscrucial.

W:Okay.Filjustkeythatin.Areyouinterestedinanyparticulararea?

M:Wellthecitycenterisourfirstpreference.Butwe'dconsideranythinginthewesternsuburbs.

Wearen'tinterestedintheNorthortheeastofthecity.

W:OK,Tmjustgettingupalltheflatsonourbooks.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13-16題。

13.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Preparingforameeting.B.Exercising.C.Cooking.

14.Howdoesthewomansoundattheman'sweightloss?

A.Serious.B.Surprised.C.Happy.

15.Howdoesthemangettoworknow?

A.Bytrain.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.

16.Whatwillthemandotohelpthewoman?

A.Makesaladsforher.B.Gojoggingwithher.C.Lendabooktoher.

【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.C

【原文】W:Thatsmellsgood.Whatareyoumaking?

M:Mybreakfastfortomorrow.

W:Butifsalmostdinnertime!

M:Well,Tvegotaveryearlystarttomorrowmorning.

W:Whatareyougoingtodo?

M:I'vegotameetingatmycompany'sheadoffice.IfIdon'tprepare,IknowI'llendupeating

somethingunhealthyatthetrainstation.Fvealsomadeasaladtotakewithmeforlunch.

W:Wow,Fveneverknownyoutobethisorganized!You'reveryseriousaboutlosingweight,

aren'tyou?

M:Iam.AndI'mhappytosayit'sworking!

W:Oh,really?

M:Yes,I'velostsixkilossinceIstartedatthebeginningoftheyear.Iweighed95kiloswhenI

startedinJanuary.

W:Thafsamazing...andinonlyfourmonths!Haveyoubeenexercisingtoo?

M:Yes.Iusedtotakethebustowork,andnowIrideabikeinstead.

W:Thafsreallygreat.MaybeIshouldtrytolearnfromyou!

M:Youdon'tneedtoloseanyweight!

W:Imaybeslim,butIeatwaytoomuchjunkfood.AndIdriveeverywhere,evenwhenitwould

beeasytowalk.

M:Well,Icanlendyouthebookthatinspiredme.

W:Thatwouldbegreat!Thanks.

4

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17-20題。

17.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Schoolmates.B.Relatives.C.Colleagues.

18.WhatcanvisitorsdoinLookingBack?

A.LearnaboutGreekculture.B.Watchsomerecordings.C.Createbuildingmodels.

19.Whichexhibitionwillthespeakersattend?

A.Transport.B.FunScience.C.GlassPlace.

20.WhenwillthespeakersprobablymeetonSunday?

A.Ataround12:00.B.Ataround1:30pm.C.Ataround3:00pm.

【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A

【原文】M:Lisa,haveyougotaminute?Weneedtotalkaboutwhichvenuewegoingtochoose

forthisSunday'safterschoolactivity.

W:Sure,themuseumIwenttolastWednesdaywithmytutorwasprettyinteresting.Ithadseveral

exhibitionsontransportfromancientGreece.Wecangothere.

M:Well,ifsboringtovisitoneplacetwotimes.TdliketorecommendLookingBack.There9san

exhibitionthatexploresthehistoryofthepastthreehundredyears.Ithasspecialrecordingsof

localpeoplewhotoldtheirstories.Myelderbrothervisitedonceandspokehighlyofit.

W:LookingBack,isn'titonSouthMainStreet?IthinkI'vebeentherebefore.

M:Okay.HowaboutFunScience?Wecantrytherocketmodelsorwatch3Dfilmsabout

differentplanetsthereorwecangoandexperiencetheprocessofglassmakinginaglassplace.

W:Makingglass?I'veneverseendemonstrationslikethat.Whenwillthatbe?

M:1:30pmonSundayfifthfloorofthecitymuseum.

W:Inthatcase,wecanhavelunchtogetherandgotothemuseumafterward.

M:Great!I'llseeyouatnoonthen.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

ReimaginingtheOutdoors:APhotographyWorkshopwithJuliaReynolds

Discovertheartofcapturingthebeautyofnatureinthisexclusiveonlineworkshoporganizedby

Nature'sLensMagazine.

RenownedphotographerJuliaReynoldswillguideparticipantsthroughtheessentialtechniques

andcreativeprocessesinvolvedinoutdoorphotography.Whetheryou'reabeginneroran

experiencedphotographer,Julia'sexpertinstructionwillinspireyoutoexplorethenaturalworld

withyourcameralens.

WorkshopHighlights:

ExploringOutdoorPhotography:Understandtheuniquechallengesandopportunitiesof

outdoorphotography.

CompositionandLighting:Learnhowtocomposestunningoutdoorshotsandmakethe

mostofnaturallighting.

CapturingtheMoment:Mastertheartoftimingandanticipationtocapturetheperfect

outdoorphotograph.

EditingandPost-Processing:Discoveressentialeditingtechniquestoenhanceyouroutdoor

photographs.WhoShouldAttend:

▲Photographyenthusiastseagertoimprovetheiroutdoorphotographyskills.

▲Natureloverslookingtocapturethebeautyofthegreatoutdoors.

▲B(niǎo)eginnersinterestedinlearningthebasicsofphotography.

WorkshopDetails:

★Date:Saturday,July15,2024

★Time:10am-1pm(GMT)

★Participantswillreceivearecordingoftheworkshopforfuturereference.

★Uponregistration,participantswillreceiveanemailwithaccessdetails.

Pleasenote:ThisworkshopwillbeconductedviaZoom.Participantsareadvisedtoreview

Zoom'sprivacypolicyandtermsandconditionspriortoregistration.Refundswillnotbeissued

fornon-attendanceorcancellations.

21.Whataspectofphotographydoestheworkshopfocuson?

A.Editingtechniques.

B.Compositionandlighting.

C.Capturingthemoment.

D.Exploringoutdoorphotography.

22.Whenmightyouneedtosendanemail?

A.Toinquireabouttheworkshopcontent.

B.Uponpurchasingatickettotheworkshop.

C.Toreceiveadditionallearningmaterials.

D.Ifyouhaven'treceivedtheaccessdetails.

23.Whatbenefitisassuredforparticipants?

A.UnlimitedaccesstoZoom.

B.Freeregistrationforfutureworkshops.

C.Arecordingoftheworkshop.

D.24-hourlivebroadcastingoftheworkshop.

【答案】21.D22.D23.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個(gè)關(guān)于戶(hù)外攝影照相班，內(nèi)容包括了照相班的重點(diǎn)、

參加對(duì)象以及活動(dòng)細(xì)節(jié)等。

6

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分第一段“Discovertheartofcapturingthebeautyofnatureinthis

exclusiveonlineworkshoporganizedbyNature'sLensMagazine.（在這個(gè)由自然鏡頭雜志組織

的獨(dú)家在線(xiàn)研討會(huì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)捕捉大自然之美的藝術(shù)。）”和第二段中“Renownedphotographer

JuliaReynoldswillguideparticipantsthroughtheessentialtechniquesandcreativeprocesses

involvedinoutdoorphotography.（著名攝影師JuliaReynolds將指導(dǎo)參與者完成戶(hù)外攝影的基

本技術(shù)和創(chuàng)作過(guò)程。）”可知，該照相班的重點(diǎn)是探索戶(hù)外攝影。故選D項(xiàng)。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)WorkshopDetails下列條目"Uponregistration,participantswillreceive

anemailwithaccessdetails.（注冊(cè)后，參與者將收到一封包含訪問(wèn)詳細(xì)信息的電子郵件。戶(hù)可

知，如果參與者沒(méi)有收到訪問(wèn)詳細(xì)信息，需要發(fā)郵件。故選D項(xiàng)。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WorkshopDetails下列條目"Participantswillreceivearecordingofthe

workshopforfuturereference.（參與者將收到研討會(huì)的錄音，以備將來(lái)參考。）”可知，參與者

可以得到照相班的錄音作為保證。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

RichardFeynmanwasarguablythesecondbestknownphysicistafterEinstein.Butsheis

nottheonlydistinguishedscientistintheFeynmanfamily.

Bomin1927,JoanFeynmangrewupinQueens,NewYork,alongsideherolderbrother

Richard.HewouldbecomeJoan'sfirstteacherandsomeonewhohelpeddevelophercurious

nature,believinghercapableoflearningallthemathandsciencehecouldteachher.Shewould

trytosolvemathproblemsfortheuniquerewardofgettingtopullherbrother'shairandserving

ashis“l(fā)abassistant“attheageoffive.Forherfourteenthbirthday,RichardgaveFeynmanacopy

ofAstronomybyRebeccaHoraceBaker,acollege-levelphysicstext,whichbothtaughtherabout

physicsandwhatwaspossible.Feynmancrediteditforprovingtoherthatwomencouldindeed

haveacareerdoingscience.

Feynmanwouldgoontoreceiveabachelor'sdegreefromOberlinCollege,beforeshe

attendedSyracuseUniversity,studyingcondensedmattertheoryandearningaPhDin1958.By

1960,Feynmanwasmarriedwithtwochildrenandshedecidedtotakeabreakfromphysicsto

takeontheroleofhomemaker.

Thebreakwasshort-lived,asFeynmangrewdepressedfromkeepingahomeandcaringfor

twosmallchildren.In1962,attheadviceofapsychologist,shewentinsearchofemployment,

securingthreejoboffersatmultipleinstitutes.AtLamont,wheresheworkedpart-time,Feynman

beganherresearchintoEarth'smagnetosphere,identifyingitsshape.

Overthecourseofhercareer,Feynmanmademanybreakthroughsinfurtheringthe

understandingofsolarwindanditsinteractionwiththeEarth'smagnetosphere.Asauthoror

co-authorofmorethan185papers,Feynman'sresearchaccomplishmentsrangefromdiscovering

theshapeoftheEarth5smagnetospheretoidentifyingtheoriginofauroras.In1974,shewould

becomethefirstwomaneverelectedasanofficeroftheAmericanGeophysicalUnion,andin

2000shewasawardedNASA'sExceptionalScientificAchievementMedal.

“JoanFeynmanleavesawealthofscientificaccomplishments,havingmadeimportant

contributions,9,saidAPSCEOKateKirby."Despitebeingdiscouragedtopursuesciencebysocial

expectations,shepersevered,andheraccomplishmentsserveasaninspirationtowomenwho

wishtopursueacareerinscience.

24.HowdidRichardinfluenceJoan?

A.Bypreparingherforsubjectsincollege.

B.Byintroducinghertotheworldofscience.

C.Byteachinghertheimportanceofastronomy.

D.Byofferingherajobservingashislabassistant.

25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.AllwomenscientistshavebenefitedfromJoan'sinspiration.

B.InJoan'stimewomenwereencouragedtobecomescientists.

C.PursuingscientificgoalscontributedtoJoan'spsychologicalwell-being.

D.Asherfirstteacher,RicharddesignedJoan'scareerpathasanastronomer.

26.WhichbestdescribesJoanFeynmanasascientist?

A.Successfulandwealthy.B.Optimisticandhardworking.

C.Popularandambitious.D.Productiveandacknowledged.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.JoanFeynman:SurvivorofDepression

B.JoanFeynman:SisterofRichardFeynman

C.JoanFeynman:TheLesser-knownFeynman

D.JoanFeynman:TheMostSuccessfulWomanScientist

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了理查德?費(fèi)曼可以說(shuō)是僅次于愛(ài)因斯坦的第二著

名的物理學(xué)家。但她并不是費(fèi)曼家族中唯一一位杰出的科學(xué)家。盡管社會(huì)期望阻礙了她從事

科學(xué)研究，但她堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)，她的成就激勵(lì)了那些希望從事科學(xué)事業(yè)的女性。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“HewouldbecomeJoan'sfirstteacherandsomeonewhohelped

develophercuriousnature,believinghercapableoflearningallthemathandsciencehecould

teachher.Shewouldtrytosolvemathproblemsfortheuniquerewardofgettingtopullher

brother'shairandservingashis“l(fā)abassistant“attheageoffive.Forherfourteenthbirthday,

RichardgaveFeynmanacopyofAstronomybyRebeccaHoraceBaker,acollege-levelphysics

text,whichbothtaughtheraboutphysicsandwhatwaspossible.Feynmancrediteditforproving

toherthatwomencouldindeedhaveacareerdoingscience.（他將成為瓊的第一位老師，并幫助

她培養(yǎng)好奇的天性，相信她有能力學(xué)習(xí)他所教的所有數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)。她會(huì)試圖解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題,

以獲得獨(dú)特的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)：在她五歲的時(shí)候拉她哥哥的頭發(fā)，做他的“實(shí)驗(yàn)室助理”。在費(fèi)曼14歲

8

生日那天，理查德送給她一本麗貝卡?霍勒斯?貝克的《天文學(xué)》，這是一本大學(xué)水平的物理課

本，既教會(huì)了她物理知識(shí)，也教會(huì)了她什么是可能的。費(fèi)曼認(rèn)為，這向她證明了女性確實(shí)可

以從事科學(xué)事業(yè)）”可推知，理查德通過(guò)向瓊介紹科學(xué)的世界來(lái)影響她的。故選B項(xiàng)。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thebreakwasshort-lived,asFeynmangrewdepressedfrom

keepingahomeandcaringfortwosmallchildren.In1962,attheadviceofapsychologist,she

wentinsearchofemployment,securingthreejoboffersatmultipleinstitutes.AtLamont,where

sheworkedpart-time,FeynmanbeganherresearchintoEarth?smagnetosphere,identifyingits

shape.（這段休息很短暫，因?yàn)橘M(fèi)曼因?yàn)檎疹檭蓚€(gè)小孩而變得沮喪。1962年，在一位心理學(xué)

家的建議下，她開(kāi)始尋找工作，并在多家研究所獲得了三份工作。在她兼職工作的拉蒙特，

費(fèi)曼開(kāi)始了她對(duì)地球磁層的研究，確定了它的形狀）”以及第五段中“Overthecourseofher

career,Feynmanmademanybreakthroughsinfurtheringtheunderstandingofsolarwindandits

interactionwiththeEarth飛magnetosphere.（在她的職業(yè)生涯中，費(fèi)曼在進(jìn)一步了解太陽(yáng)風(fēng)及其

與地球磁層的相互作用方面取得了許多突破）”可推知，追求科學(xué)目標(biāo)有助于瓊的心理健康。

故選C項(xiàng)。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Feynmanwouldgoontoreceiveabachelor'sdegreefrom

OberlinCollege,beforesheattendedSyracuseUniversity,studyingcondensedmattertheoryand

earningaPhDin1958.（費(fèi)曼隨后在奧伯林學(xué)院獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位，之后她進(jìn)入雪城大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)凝聚

態(tài)理論，并于1958年獲得博士學(xué)位）”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Overthecourseofhercareer,Feynman

mademanybreakthroughsinfurtheringtheunderstandingofsolarwindanditsinteractionwith

theEarth'smagnetosphere.Asauthororco-authorofmorethan185papers,Feynman'sresearch

accomplishmentsrangefromdiscoveringtheshapeoftheEarth5smagnetospheretoidentifying

theoriginofauroras.In1974,shewouldbecomethefirstwomaneverelectedasanofficerofthe

AmericanGeophysicalUnion,andin2000shewasawardedNASA'sExceptionalScientific

AchievementMedal.（在她的職業(yè)生涯中,費(fèi)曼在進(jìn)一步了解太陽(yáng)風(fēng)及其與地球磁層的相互作

用方面取得了許多突破。作為185多篇論文的作者或合著者，費(fèi)曼的研究成就從發(fā)現(xiàn)地球磁

層的形狀到確定極光的起源。1974年，她成為第一位當(dāng)選為美國(guó)地球物理聯(lián)合會(huì)官員的女

性，2000年，她被授予美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的杰出科學(xué)成就獎(jiǎng)）”可推知，瓊?費(fèi)曼是一位富

有成效并得到認(rèn)可的科學(xué)家。故選D項(xiàng)。

27.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段"RichardFeynmanwasarguablythesecondbest

knownphysicistafterEinstein.ButheisnottheonlydistinguishedscientistintheFeynman

family.（理查德?費(fèi)曼可以說(shuō)是僅次于愛(ài)因斯坦的第二著名的物理學(xué)家。但他并不是費(fèi)曼家族

中唯位杰出的科學(xué)家）”和最后一段“"JoanFeynmanleavesawealthofscientific

accomplishments,havingmadeimportantcontributions,saidAPSCEOKateKirby."Despite

beingdiscouragedtopursuesciencebysocialexpectations,shepersevered,andher

accomplishmentsserveasaninspirationtowomenwhowishtopursueacareerinscience.”（美國(guó)

科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)凱特?柯比表示：瓊?費(fèi)曼留下了豐富的科學(xué)成就，做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)?！薄氨M管社會(huì)

期望阻礙了她從事科學(xué)研究，但她堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)，她的成就激勵(lì)了那些希望從事科學(xué)事業(yè)的女

性J）”可知，文章主要講的是理查德?費(fèi)曼可以說(shuō)是僅次于愛(ài)因斯坦的第二著名的物理學(xué)家。

但她并不是費(fèi)曼家族中唯一一位杰出的科學(xué)家。盡管社會(huì)期望阻礙了她從事科學(xué)研究，但她

堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)，她的成就激勵(lì)了那些希望從事科學(xué)事業(yè)的女性。由此可知，文章最好的標(biāo)題是

“瓊?費(fèi)曼：鮮為人知的費(fèi)曼”。故選c項(xiàng)。

C

In1999,DavidDunningandJustinKrugerdidaseriesofstudiesevaluatingpeople's

competenceincertainareas,includinggrammar,humorandlogic.Thepeopleinthestudieswere

askedtoevaluatetheirownabilitiesineacharea.DunningandKrugerfoundthatpeoplewho

scoredlowonthetestshavethetendencytooverestimatetheirabilities,indicatingthatpeople

wholackskillstendtolacktheabilitytorealizetheirshortcomings.

ThisprinciplehasbecomeknownastheDunning-Krugereffect.Itoccursbecauseonly

whenpeoplehaveskillsinagivenareaaretheyequippedtoevaluatetheirownskills.Admittedly,

mostpeopleareoverconfidentintheirabilities.Theywanttobelievethattheyaremorecapable,

knowledgeableandevensuperiortoothers,andwhensomeonereallywantssomethingtobetrue,

itcanbehardforthemtoadmitthatitisn't.Bytheway,theoppositeoftheDunning-Krugereffect

alsohappens:capablepeoplehaveamoreaccurateviewoftheirownabilities,andsometimesthey

evenunderestimatethemselves.

Ifstempting（吸弓|人的）tothinkoftheDunning-Krugereffectasaproblem.Peoplemay

evenlaughatthosewhothinkthemselvesmorecompetentthantheytrulyare,buteveryonehas

areaswheretheylackcompetence,andtheDunning-Krugereffectmeanstheymayberelatively

badatself-evaluationinthoseareas.Evenifsomeoneisveryintelligentingeneral,therearestill

thingstheydon'tknowmuchabout.Expertiseinoneareacannotalwaysbetransferredtoother

areas.

Thafswhyit'simportanttokeepdiggingforinformationevenwhenyouthinkyou've

foundanswers.Itcanalsobehelpfultocheckyourideaswithotherpeople.Receivingnegative

feedbackcanhurt,butifyou'rewillingtolisten,itcanhelpyougrow.Evenjustkeepinginmind

thattheDunning-Krugereffectexistscanhelpyoustaymodest,acceptcriticismand,thus,keep

learningthroughoutyourlife.

28.WhatdidDunningandKrugerfindintheirresearch?

A.Unskilledpeopletendtothinktoomuchofthemselves.

B.Skilledpeopleareusuallymorehumorousandlogical.

C.Self-evaluationmakespeoplemorelogicalinsomeareas.

D.Knowledgeablepeoplesometimesthinktheyaresuperiortoothers.

29.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheDunning-Krugereffect?

A.Complicated.B.Problematic.C.Universal.D.Dismissive.

10

30.WhatcanwedotoavoidtheDunning-Krugereffectaccordingtothetext?

A.Evaluateyourselfonaregularbasis.B.Remainhumbleandeagerforknowledge.

C.Beyourselfandignorenegativefeedback,D.Makefriendswithintelligent

individuals.

31.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Abookreview.

C.Afeaturereport.D.A.psychologyjournal.

【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了達(dá)寧-克魯格效應(yīng)，這個(gè)效應(yīng)表明，技能不足的人傾向

于高估自己的能力，而技能高的人則能更準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)估自己。為避免此效應(yīng)，應(yīng)保持謙遜，積

極求知，并樂(lè)于接受批評(píng)。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段“DunningandKrugerfoundthatpeoplewhoscoredlowonthetests

havethetendencytooverestimatetheirabilities,indicatingthatpeoplewholackskillstendtolack

theabilitytorealizetheirshortcomings.（達(dá)寧和克魯格發(fā)現(xiàn)，在測(cè)試中得分低的人傾向于高估

他們的能力，這表明缺乏技能的人往往缺乏意識(shí)到自己缺點(diǎn)的能力。廣可知，選項(xiàng)A與原文

描述相符，說(shuō)明了研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的低技能個(gè)體的自我評(píng)估過(guò)高傾向。故選A項(xiàng)。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"It'stempting（吸引人的）tothinkoftheDunning-Kruger

effectasaproblem.Peoplemayevenlaughatthosewhothinkthemselvesmorecompetentthan

theytrulyare,buteveryonehasareaswheretheylackcompetence,andtheDunning-Krugereffect

meanstheymayberelativelybadatself-evaluationinthoseareas.Evenifsomeoneisvery

intelligentingeneral,therearestillthingstheydon'tknowmuchabout.Expertiseinonearea

cannotalwaysbetransferredtootherareas.（人們可能會(huì)認(rèn)為達(dá)寧-克魯格效應(yīng)是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。人們

甚至?xí)靶δ切┱J(rèn)為自己比實(shí)際情況更有能力的人，但每個(gè)人都有自己缺乏能力的領(lǐng)域，而

鄧寧-克魯格效應(yīng)意味著他們?cè)谶@些領(lǐng)域的自我評(píng)估可能相對(duì)較差。即使一個(gè)人總體上很聰

明，也有一些事情是他們不知道的。一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)不能總是轉(zhuǎn)移到其他領(lǐng)域。）”可知，

作者通過(guò)提到人們可能會(huì)嘲笑那些自視過(guò)高的人，以及每個(gè)人都可能在某些領(lǐng)域缺乏能力，

暗示了達(dá)寧-克魯格效應(yīng)是一個(gè)普遍存在的問(wèn)題，故選C項(xiàng)。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“EvenjustkeepinginmindthattheDunning-Krugereffectexists

canhelpyoustaymodest,acceptcriticismand,thus,keeplearningthroughoutyourlife.（哪怕僅

僅記住達(dá)寧-克魯格效應(yīng)的存在也可以幫助您保持謙遜，接受批評(píng)，從而在一生中不斷學(xué)習(xí)）”

可知，避免達(dá)寧-克魯格效應(yīng)的方法是保持謙遜和對(duì)知識(shí)的渴望，選項(xiàng)B（保持謙遜，積極

求知）符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“DunningandKrugerfoundthatpeoplewhoscoredlowonthetests

havethetendencytooverestimatetheirabilities（達(dá)寧和克魯格發(fā)現(xiàn),在測(cè)試中得分低的人傾向

于高估他們的能力）”以及全文可知，本文討論的主題是心理學(xué)效應(yīng)，并且沒(méi)有提到生物學(xué)、

書(shū)籍評(píng)論或特色報(bào)道的內(nèi)容，可以推斷這篇文章最有可能來(lái)自心理學(xué)期刊，故選D項(xiàng)。

D

Thecolorfulanemonefish（?？~(yú)），alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfuland

carefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththe

family-friendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainst

otheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.

Toinvestigatehowthesefishidentifygroupmembers,ateamfromJapanconductedtwo

experimentswithlab-raisedcommonclownfishthathadneverencounteredanyotherspecies.

Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,

distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.They

observedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirown

speciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecific-targetedfish

foruptothreeseconds.Incontrast,invadersfromotherspecies,liketheorangeskunkclownfish

withnosidebarsandawhitelinealongitsback,werebarelyattacked.Thetwo-barredClarke?s

clownfishandthree-barredsaddlebackclownfishwere“mildlybullied”,accordingtotheteam.

Duringthesecondexperiment,theresearchersexposedacolonyofclownfishtovarious

plasticdiscs.Thediscswerepaintedwithanemonefishcolorationandmeasuredthelevelof

aggressiontowardstheseartificialmodels.Similartoreactionstolivefish,modelswithtwobars

werelessfrequentlyattacked,andthosewithoutanybarssawtheleastaggression.Accordingto

studyco-authorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings“suggestthatclownfishiscapableof

countingthenumberofba