2024年高考英語模擬試題專項匯編：七選五-科教科普類（含解析）

2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項匯編(12)七選五-科教科普類

1.Changingyourlifecancomeinsmall,easysteps.Youcantransformyourself

andliveabetterlifebymakingpositivechangesalongtheway.Herearesomechoices

thatwillleadtoyourtransformation.

Choosetochangebadhabits

Somebadhabitsseemtostickaroundwithoutusevenrealizingit.

①Youcanovercomethem,findbetteralternatives,andgetthroughyour

struggletobecomeabetteryou!Doitforyourselfmorethananything.

Choosetogrow

It'seasytogetstuckinafixedwayoflife.②Inchoosingtogrow,

youbuildcharacter,developyourstrengths,becomeawareofwhatneedsimprovement,

andturnintothewell-roundedpersonyouneedtobetosucceed.

Choosetoseekabalancedlife

Wheredoyouneedbalance?Areyouallwork,noplay?Ortheopposite?

③Ifyou'respendingtoomuchtimeworkingorlockedawayalone,find

thetimeforsocialinteractionandhavingfun.Ifyouhaven?tcommittedtoaschedule

inawhile,makethedecisiontostartfollowingone.

④_______

Thisisvitaltohumanexistence.Weneedthelovingbondscreatedbyfamily

membersandfriends.Personalrelationshipsarekeytoemotionalgrowthandsocial

stability.

Choosetoliveyourpassion

Whateveryourdreamis,youcanhaveit.Thepersonyouwishtobeandthethings

youwishtoachievearewithinyou.Makethechoicetopursuethosepassionsatwhatever

cost.Itmaymeanclearingoutyourscheduleordoingsomethingyou'veneverdone.

⑤.

A.Choosetospendtimewiththoseyoulove

B.Choosetoorganizeyourscheduleflexibly

C.Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon'tberuledbythem.

D.Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.

E.However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.

F.It'sgoodtochange,andyou'veonlygotsomanyyearstorefreshyourself.

G.However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.

2.依據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多

余選項。

ADietWithoutEnoughProteinCanCauseDepression

Depressionisaconditionsocommon,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)calls

it“aleadingcauseofdisability.”

Difficultyinfallingasleep,lossofappetite,andlossofabilitytoconcentrate

arejustafewoftheothereffectsofdepression.WHOestimatesthatworldwide,at

anyonetime,350millionpeoplesufferfromthecondition.Whilelifeeventssuch

asthelossofaspouseorajobmaycreateahappeningofdepression,manycases

comefromwithinandarenotcausedbyalifeevent.

Nowscientistsareworkingonanewaspectofcure:nutrition.(DThe

IndianJournalofPsychiartryreportsthatbothbeforeandduringahappeningof

depression,thosewiththeconditionwillshowa“poorappetite…"②Many

casesofdepression,ifnotmostcases,affectthosewhodon'teatproperly.

Sowhatdoesproteinhavetodowithallthis?Itallcomesdowntoamino

acids(氨基酸).Proteinsaremadeupofaminoacids,chemicalsknownasthe“building

blocksoflife."Thereare20differentaminoacids.(3)

Boththehumanbrainandnervoussystemuseaminoacidsasasubstancethatcreates

asignalfromonebraincelltoanotheroronenervecelltoanother,thusrelaying

informationbetweenthecells.Whatthefinalresultthen?④

Sinceaminoacidsmakeupprotein,adietwhichlacksinproteinwillcauseweaker

communicationbetweenthebraincells.Thislessensthesignalbeingsentfromone

braincelltothenextduringathought.⑤Thisiswhydepressioncanoften

expressitselfasangeroraggression.

A.Theultimateeffectishowwethink.

B.Don，truinyourappetitebyeatingbetweenmeals.

C.Skippingmealsitselfcancreateadepressedmood.

D.Anewresearchsuggeststhatnutritioncanlessensomeoftherisksofdepression.

E.Indiaisperhapstheworld'sleaderinresearchingtheconnectionbetweendiet

anddepression.

F.Manyofthemaremadebythehumanbody,butnineothers,the“essential“amino

acids,mustbeeateninone'sdiet.

G.Theprocesscanleadtotwistedsignals,whichcannotonlyleadtodepression,

butalso,accordingtomanyscientists,aggression.

3.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余

選項。

Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,

andevenstormclouds.Thenameradarcomesfromthefirstlettersofthewordsradio

directionandranging.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees”with

radiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandships

couldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.①

Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.

Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,when

theworldwasthreatenedbywar.②Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmostevery

conflictsincethen.

Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissent

out,itstrikesonanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradar

andrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreen.Onthescreenanobserversees

aflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject.(3)

Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almost

alllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.

(4)Weatherforecasters"see"thesize,direction,andspeedofstormson

radarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistanceto

themoon.Thus,thedevicehasgeneratedmajoradvancements.

⑤HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.

Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballistic一missiles(戰(zhàn)略導

彈)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000

milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspace

satellites.

A.Policetrackspeedersinradar-equippedcars.

B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate.

C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.

D.Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.

E.DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively.

F.Todayradarisusedbycommercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.

G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar?smostimportantfunctions.

4.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Haveyoueverheardofaninsectcalledthecicada(4$)?@.Buttheyhave

aninterestinginternalclockthattellsthemwhentogoaboveground.

Every17years,billionsofthenoisyBroodVcicadas(十七年蟬)willswarm(成

群出現(xiàn))tonortheasternpartsoftheUS,includingNewYork,OhioandPennsylvania.

②.ButthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcomparedtotheBroodVcicadas.

(3).AccordingtoDiscoveryNews,theseinsectsstartedtheirlivesin1999.

Andastheir17-yearlifecyclecomestoanend,theygoabovegroundwhentheir

undergroundhomesgetwarmer64degreesFahrenheit(about18℃)tobeexact.

Thenthefemaleswilllayhundredsofeggsintrees,andafteraboutfourtosix

weeks,themotherandfathercicadaswilldie.④.

Whiletheycanbekindofannoying,theseinsectsdon'tharmhumans,butthey

domakealotofnoiseduringtheirtimeaboveground.⑤.

However,sincetherearesomanyofthe17-yearcicadas,theamountoflaideggs

cansometimesharmsmalltreesandbushes.Butafterthissummer,theseinsectswill

mostlymindtheirownbusinessuntil2033.

A.Thatsoundisthemalecicadasattractingthefemalecicadas.

B.Thecicadainsectsarecommoninsummer,especiallyinAugustandcanbefoundin

Julyaswell.

C.Thereareotherkindsofcicadasthatcomearoundonceayearorevery13years.

D.Thebabycicadaswillgounderground,andthe17-yearcyclewillstartoveragain.

E.Asamatteroffact,peopleliketoeattheminsomecultures.

F.Well,aspecialkindoftheseinsectsliveundergroundintheUSformostoftheir

lives.

G.ThisiswhatmakesBroodVcicadassospecial.

5.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Anobviousreasonforlearninganewlanguageistobeabletocommunicatewith

thepeoplewhospeakit.①Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentourists

makeanefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”

and“please”.

Culturalunderstanding

Speakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknowanotherpeopleandculture,as

languageandculturegohandinhand.②Itshowsnewwaysoflookingatthe

world.Inaddition,whenyouspeakanotherlanguage,youcanenjoyliterature,film,

andmusicintheoriginallanguage.Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationto

beaperfectreplica（復制品）oftheoriginal.③.

Businessandcareers

④Schoolsandemployerstendtoprefercandidateswhospeakoneormore

foreignlanguages.EventhoughEnglishiswidelyspokeninmuchoftheworld,the

factisthattheglobaleconomydependsoncommunication.WhendealingwithFrance,

forexample,someonewhospeaksFrenchwillhaveanobviousadvantageoversomeone

whodoesn't.

Languageimprovement

Learninganotherlanguagecanhelpyoutounderstandyourown.Manylanguages

havecontributedtothedevelopmentofEnglish.⑤Also,inlearninghowanother

languagediffersfromyourown,youwillincreaseyourunderstandingofyourown

language.Formanypeople,languageisinnate（與生俱來的）一weknowhowtosay

something,butwedon'tnecessarilyknowwhywesayitthatway.Learninganother

languagecanchangethat.

A.Languageishelpfulinmakingforeignfriends.

B.Thebestwayistoreadwhattheauthoractuallywrote.

C.Learninganotherlanguageopensone'smindtonewideas.

D.Yourtripwillbecomfortableifyouspeakthelocallanguage.

E.Speakingmorethanonelanguagewillincreaseyourmarketability.

F.Itistruethatmasteringanotherforeignlanguageisverybeneficial.

G.Learningthosewillteachyouwherewordsandevengrammaticalstructuresarefrom.

6.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Whatisyourfavoritecolor?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?①Doyou

prefergraysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollow

thanlead.Youtendtobepessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,

andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolor

preference,aswellastheeffectthatcolorshaveonhumanbeings.②If

youhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleast

assoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

(3)Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxed

thanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinter

day.④AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethe

sceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeintheareauntilitwasrepainted

green.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply.Perhapsitwould

havefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.

⑤Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,

andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblack

orgray.

A.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.

B.Theroomsarepaintedindifferentcoloursasyoulike.

C.Lifeislikeapictureorapoem,fullofdifferentcolours.

D.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods一thereisnodoubtaboutit.

E.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplehappier,moreactiveandmoreproductive.

F.Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,oranactivepersonwhoenjoyslife

andexcitement.

G.Theytellusthatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecolouraswegrowup一weare

bomwithourpreference.

7.依據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。并將答案寫在答題紙的相

應位置上,選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Ambitiousstudentsworkhardtoexcelandstayonthetopbyputtingincountless

hoursofstudies,whichincludefrequentlatenights,endlesscrammingandrevision

sessions.①Notvery.Studiesshowthatastudentwhostudiesforanhourand

takesaten-minutebreakattheendofthesessionremembersmoreofwhatislearned

throughoutthesession,thanastudentwhocontinuesstudyingwithouttakingabreak.

②Hereisalistofsome.

?RelaxestheMind

(3)Studyingforlonghoursatastretchcreatesaninformationoverload,

andbringsaboutrestlessnessandtiredness.Ashortteabreakattheendofa45-minute

studysessionrefreshesyoursenses,energizesyou,andgetsyoubackintheright

frameofmind,readytotakeonthenexttaskintheschedule.

?ImprovesConcentrationLevels

Thepurposeofastudysessionistostudyasmuchaspossibleandremembermost

ofwhathasbeenlearnedinit.(4)Itishighlylikelythatlonghoursofstudying

canbecomemonotonous(單調的)andcauseyoutobelievethatyouare'learning',

whenyouareonlyjust'reading'.Ashortbreakeasesoutyourstressedmind,brings

youbackontrack,andallowsyoutostartstudyingwithnew-foundfocuslevels.

?ImprovesInformationRetention(保留)

Learningcontinuouslyreducestheabilitytorememberinformation.(§)

AccordingtoThePrimaryandRecencyEffects,memoryimprovesjustbeforeand

immediatelyafteryoutakeabreak.Therefore,studysessionsofashortertimespan

provemorebeneficial.

A.Whaturgedthemtodoso?

B.Howproductiveisthispractice?

C.Thebestsolutionistotakeashortbreakevery30to60minutes.

D.Manypeoplewanttofindoutwhytakingbreakswhilestudyingisessential.

E.Tobeabletoachievethis,itisabsolutelynecessarytocontinuouslystayfocused.

F.Takingbreakswhilestudyingcontributestobetterlearninginanumberofways.

G.Aclearheadandrefreshedmindcanspeedupandenhancetheprocessoflearning.

答案以及解析

1.答案：

1.c

2.E

3.D

4.A

5.G

解析：

1.上文提示“一些壞習慣好像在我們沒有意識到的狀況下依舊存在?！痹僖罁?jù)下文提示“你

可以克服它們,找到更好的選擇,并通過你的奮斗來成為一個更好的你！”承接上下文,C項

Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon'tberuledbythem.（今日就做出選擇吧，你將不會

被他們所統(tǒng)治。）切題。故選C。

2.上文提示“人們很簡單陷入固定的生活方式中?！痹僖罁?jù)下文提示“在選擇成長的過程中，

你塑造性格,培育自己的特長,意識到須要改進的地方,并成為你勝利的全面發(fā)展的人?！背薪?/p>

上下文，E項However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.（然而，

重新評價和成長帶來了漂亮的自由。）切題。該項中的growth與下文的grow相吻合。故選E。

3.上文提示“你在哪里須要平衡?你們都在工作，不玩耍嗎?還是相反？”下文提示“假如你花

太多的時間在工作或獨自呆著，那就找時間進行社交互動和消遣?！背薪由舷挛?D項Neither

extremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.（這兩種極端都不會讓你在很

長一段時間里過著開心的生活。）切題。該項中的this指的就是上文所提示的內容。故選D。

4.此處是一個小標題，依據(jù)上下標題可知答案在A/B中選擇。本段內容提示“這對人類的生存

至關重要。我們須要家庭成員和摯友建立的愛的紐帶。”由此推知,A項Choosetospendtime

withthoseyoulove（選擇花時間和你愛的人在一起）。Love是關鍵詞，故選A。

5.上文提示“無論付出什么代價，都要選擇去追求那些激情。這可能意味著你要清空你的日程

表，或者做一些你從未做過的事情?！背薪由衔?G項However,therewardfromsuccessand

personalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.（然而，勝利和個人成就的回報是值得的。）切

題。該項中的thereward和beworth與上文中的whatevercost構成一種轉折關系，故答案

為Go

2.答案：

1.E

2.C

3.F

4.A

5.G

解析：

1.前一句提到:科學家們正在致力于治療抑郁癥的一種方法:養(yǎng)分。下一句提到了印度精神病

學雜志的報告。該空位于中間，選項中和前后句都有聯(lián)系的只有E選項:在探討飲食和抑郁癥

之間的聯(lián)系方面，印度或許是世界上領先的國家。故選E。

2.前一句提到：《印度精神病學雜志》報道，在抑郁癥發(fā)生之前和期間，有這種狀況的人將顯示

出一個“食欲減退……”后一句提到:很多抑郁癥的病例,假如不是大多數(shù)的話，都會影響那

些沒有適當飲食的人。選項中只有C選項提到不當飲食:不吃飯本身就會造成抑郁心情。

3.前一句提到:有20種不同的氨基酸。該空承接上文,應當提到和氨基酸有關的話題,故F選

項切題:其中很多（氨基酸）是由人體制造的,但另外九種，即“必需的”氨基酸，必需在飲食中

食用。

4.上文提到:人類大腦和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)都運用氨基酸作為一種物質，從一個腦細胞向另一個腦細胞

或從一個神經(jīng)細胞向另一個神經(jīng)細胞發(fā)出信號,從而在細胞之間傳遞信息。最終的結果是什么？

那么該句應當回答這個問題,提到最終的結果。故A選項正確:最終的效果是我們的思索方式。

5.上文提到：由于氨基酸構成了蛋白質,缺乏蛋白質的飲食會導致腦細胞間的溝通減弱。這削

減了思索過程中從一個腦細胞發(fā)送到另一個腦細胞的信號。G選項正確:這一過程可能導致信

號扭曲，這不僅可能導致抑郁,而且,依據(jù)很多科學家的說法,攻擊性。這就是為什么抑郁經(jīng)常

表現(xiàn)為生氣或侵略。

3.答案：

1.D

2.E

3.B

4.A

5.G

解析：

LD【解析】依據(jù)語境可知，沒有雷達，飛機不能在壞天氣中平安著陸，輪船不能在濃霧中平安

航行,因此它對于船運公司和旅行者來說特殊重要,故選D。

2.E【解析】依據(jù)空前一句可知,科學家直到20世紀30年頭才在雷達技術上有了重大進展,再

依據(jù)后句”自那之后雷達被廣泛用于幾乎全部沖突中"，故E項"在二戰(zhàn)中很多國家有效地運用

了雷達”符合語境,故選E。

3.B【解析】依據(jù)空前一句可知，在屏幕上視察者會看到一束光，這表明白物體的方向和距離。

故空處應當是對測量結果的評價,說明測量的結果是高度精確的。故選B。

4.A【解析】此段主要介紹了雷達在不同領域的應用?？仗幥昂蠖际桥e例，所以A項舉警察駕

駛裝備有雷達的汽車追蹤違章超速者的例子符合語境,故選A。

5.G【解析】本空是本段的主旨句。依據(jù)下文內容可知，本段主要講了雷達也可用于國防領域。

故選Go

4.答案：

1.客觀填空F

2.客觀填空C

3.客觀填空G

4.客觀填空D

5.客觀填空A

解析：

【文章大意】本文主要是介紹十七年蟬這個特別特殊的物種。每17年,數(shù)十億只吵鬧的十七

年蟬就會蜂擁到美國東北部,包括紐約、俄亥俄和賓夕法尼亞州。

1.【答案】F

【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)后一句中But可知，空格處與后一句意思是轉折關系，而后

一句中的一些關鍵詞goaboveground.（回到地面上）正好對應F項中的關鍵詞live

underground（生活在地底下），形成轉折關系，故選F。

2.【答案】C

【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)后一句Butthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcompared

totheBroodVcicadas.（但與孵卵的蟬相比，它們的數(shù)量通常要少得多。）可知，前面空格

里會提到其他的物種來跟十七年蟬進行對比,而C項中正好有13年蟬,故選C?

3.【答案】G

【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。本段講解并描述十七年蟬別出心裁之處。故G項“這就是使十

七年蟬如此特殊的緣由”概括本段內容。

4.【答案】D

【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)前面幾句的描述可知，母蟬會在樹上產卵，幾周之后,蟬爸爸

和蟬媽媽會死去,因此后面就會接上蟬寶寶,D項中說的蟬寶寶就會回到地下生活17年,17年

的輪回就周而復始,故選D。

5.【答案】A

【解析】考查語意邏輯關系。依據(jù)前一句中提到的關鍵詞alotofnoise（很多噪音）可知,A

項中是對這種吵鬧聲的一個說明,是公蟬來吸引母蟬的,故選A。

5.答案：

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.E

5.G

解析：

1.【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)下文中的Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentouristsmake

anefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”

and“please”,可知應選D項,Yourtrip與tourists相呼應。

2.【答案】C【解析】依據(jù)段落開頭的Speakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknow

anotherpeopleandculture可知，學習另一種語言能夠開闊眼界。

3.【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上文中的Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationtobea

perfectreplicaoftheoriginal可知，最好的方法是閱讀作者的原著。

4.【答案】E【解析】依據(jù)下文中的Schoolsandemployerstendtoprefercandidateswho

speakoneormoreforeignlanguages可知，講多種語言能夠增加市場機會。

5.【答案】G【解析】上文談到很多語言對英語的發(fā)展的作用，據(jù)此可知,通過學習那些語言能

夠知道詞匯和語法結構的起源。

6.答案：F;G;D;A;E

解析：顏色的關系緊密。我們對某種顏色和人的偏愛是與生俱來的.不同的顏色對我們的影響

是不同的。暖色調讓人更歡樂,更主動，工作效率更高。冷色調讓人悲觀、壓抑。

①全文介紹顏色和性格的關系。F項與上文中的“Doyoulikeyellow…？”相呼應，且與下文

中的"quiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead''形成對比。

②依據(jù)空后的”assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldsee

clearlyn可知，我們對某種顏色的寵愛是與生俱來的。故G項符合語境。

③依據(jù)空后的敘述可知,顏色影響人的心情。D項總領下文,是下文的主題句。

④上文說暖色調讓人歡樂和放松,下文用事例說明白黑色給人帶來的不利影響,故此處選A（另

一方面,黑色令人懊喪），此句起承上啟下的作用。

⑤依據(jù)下文可知,暖色調的機器比冷色調的機器使工人工作更好,事故更少。E項呼應下文。

7.答案：

1.B

2.F

3.G

4.E

5.C

解析：

1.B.推理推斷題.句意:這種做法生產效率如何?依據(jù)上文Ambitiousstudentsworkhardto

excelandstayonthetopbyputtingincountlesshoursofstudies,whichinclude

frequentlatenights,endlesscrammingandrevisionsessions.可知，有理想的學生努

力工作，以取得優(yōu)異的成