脫貧攻堅(jiān)-2022中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題+體裁分類(lèi)訓(xùn)練（中考試題+各地模擬題）

備戰(zhàn)2022中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題+體裁分類(lèi)訓(xùn)練

（中考真題+各地模擬題）

專(zhuān)題06脫貧攻堅(jiān)

Passage1

（2021?青海西寧?中考真題）Poverty（貧窮）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahas

doneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.Duringfightingpoverty,

we'vebeenmovedbymanyheroes.

HelpingGirls

?ZhangGuimei?Lijiang,Yunnan

?Manygirlscouldn'tgotoschoolbecausetheywereverypoor.

?Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege.

BuildingaRoad

?MaoXianglin?Wushan,Chongqing

?Villagerslivedonthe1,000-meter-highcliffs（懸崖峭壁）.Soittookthemthreedays

towalktothenearesttowninthepast.

?Mr.Maoledvillagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhandsfor7years.Nowtheyspendjustan

hourdrivingtothenearesttown.Localpeoplecansellfruittootherplacesconveniently.

PlantingMushrooms（蘑菇）

?ChenZaiming?JingdongYi,Yunnan

?Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.Butvillagersdidn'tknowhowtogrow

them.

?Mr.Chentaughtvillagerstoplantmushroomsandhelpedthemmakeover5millionyuan.

ChineseAchievements

?832counties（縣）and128,000villagesarenolongerinpoverty.

?98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.

?Chinaisresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertysincethelate1970salloverthe

world.

1.Whohelpedgirlsgotocollege?

A.ZhangGuimei.B.MaoXianglin.C.ChenZaiming.D.Allabove.

2.HowdidpeoplegotothenearesttowninWushan,Chongqinginthepast?

A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.D.Bytrain.

3.Whichplacewaswell-knownforwildmushroomsinthetext?

A.Lijiang.B.Wushan.C.JingdongYi.D.Notmentioned.

4.Howmanyvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8yearsinChina?

A.832.B.1,800.C.12,8000.D.98,990,000.

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Girlsdidn'twanttogotoschoolinLijiang,Yunnan.

B,IttakespeoplethreehourstodrivetothenearesttowninWushannow.

C.PeopleusedtobegoodatgrowingwildmushroomsinJingdongYi.

D.Chinahasgotthegreatestachievementonliftingoutofpoverty.

Passage2

（2021?廣東深圳?中考真題）ShashiyuwasonceapoorvillageinHebeiProvince,

butnowithaschangedintoarichandlivableplace.

Inthe1940s,villagersinShashiyuhadlittlefoodandfewclothes,buttheyhadastrong

wishforabetterlife.ZhangGuishun,thePartysecretaryofShashiyu,encouragedhis

villagerstodotheirbesttopullthemselvesoutofpoverty.4tIntheancientChinesestory,Yu

Gongcouldmovemountainswithhisstrongwillandhardwork,whycan'twe?Nobodywas

bomtobepoor?”Hearinghiswords,thevillagersdecidedtomakeadifference.

LedbytheCommunistPartyofChina（中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨），thevillagerscarriedwaterandsoil

totheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.From1966to.1971,they

reclaimed（開(kāi)墾）lotsoflandandgreatlyimprovedtheirlife.

However,thevillageencounteredanewproblemtwodecadeslaterastheenvironment

becameheavilypollutedbychemicalplantsandminerefineriesbuiltin1990s.

Thepollutingfactorieswereshutdownin2004,andvillagersstartedgrapecultivation,

whichsoonbecameamainindustryinShashiyu.

In2009,thecity-levelgovernmentinvestedover1millionyuan（$152,723）tochange

thevillage'sexhibitionhallintoamuseuminmemoryofdevelopmenteffortsmadebyearlier

generations.

After10years,thevillagewascalled"NationalForestVillage^^.

Zhangsaidthatthevillagestartedayearlytourismfestivalin2015toattracttravelersto

試卷第2頁(yè)，共8頁(yè)

pickgrapes.t4ThegrapescouldbesoldatabetterpriceonceShashiyubecomesfamous

throughthisfestival.Ourvillagerscanthenliveevenbetterlives,“hesaid.

6.WhydidZhangGuishunusethestoryofYuGongtoencouragethevillagers?

A.BecauseYuGonghadstrongwillandhardwork.

B.BecauseYuGongwasbornpoortoo.

C.BecausethevillagersworshipedYuGong.

D.BecauseYuGongbecamerichatlast.

7.From1966to1971,whatdidthevillagersdotoimprovetheirlivingsituation?

A.Theyplantedgrapestoearnmoney.

B.Theycarriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagetoimprovetheirlands.

C.Theymovedtoanotherplacetoliveabetterlife.

D.Theybuiltalotoffactories.

8.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethevillagers?

A.Hard-working.B.Lazy.C.Kind-hearted.D.Stupid.

9.WhenwasShashiyucalled"NationalForestVillage"?

A.In2009.B.In2004.C.In2015.D.In2019.

10.Wherecanyouprobablyreadthepassage?

A.Inastorybook.B.Inanewspaper.

C.Inasportsmagazine.D.Inasciencebook

Passage3

（2019?湖南株洲?中考真題）The2030Agendasaysthatendingpovertyinallits

forms,includingextremepoverty（極度貧困），isthegreatesttask.Because1.4billionpeople

indevelopingcountriesliveonlessthan$1.25aday.Another842millionpeople,oronein

eightpeople,donothaveenoughtoeat,today.

Thegoodnewsisthattherearewaystoendpoverty.

Creatingjobs,bothintheUnitedStatesandabroad,isagreatwaytodealwithpoverty.

Whenpeoplehavejobs,theyhavemoney,andwhenpeoplehavemoney,theycanmore

easilygetthemselvesoutofpoverty.TheU.N.saysthat“Forthepoor,laborisoftentheonly

thingtheycanusetoimprovetheirwell-being.^^

Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts（影響）therestofthesocieties.Awoman's

degreeofeducationislinkedtotheageatwhichshemarriesandhaschildren,toherhealth

anddiseases.Educatinggirlsandwomencanendpovertyindevelopingnations,aswellasin

theUnitedStates.

TheUnitedStateshasn'traisedthelowestpaysince2007.Becauseofthis,rightnow,

UAfull-timeworkerwithtwochildrengettingthelowestpaywillstillraisehisorherfamily

inpoverty.^^Andthisisaprobleminalmosteveryothercountry,especiallyindeveloping

nations.Raisingthelowestpaycouldpossiblyincreasethehealthandwell-beingofmillions.

ThepresidentoftheWorldBank,JimYongKim,saysthathebelieves“healthcare

coveringinallcountriescanhelpachieveagoalofendingextremepovertyby2030.“He

saysthathealthcarecouldendpoverty.Becauseabout100millionpeoplearepushedinto

extremepovertyeveryyearbyhavingtospendmoneyonhealthproblems,andhealth

problemspushaboutanother150millionintoveryserioushardship.

Thesewaystoendpovertyshowthatwhilethereisadifficultroadahead,thereisa

practicalpathforward.

11.Howmanypeopledonothaveenoughtoeattoday?

A.100million.B.150million.C.842million.

12.Whatistheonlythingthepoorcanusetoimprovetheirwell-being?

A.Creating.B.LaborC.Studying.

13.Thefourthparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.theimportanceofeducatinggirlsandwomen

B.thewaysofeducatinggirlsandwomen

C.thetimeofeducatinggirlsandwomen

14.WhoisJimYongKim?

A.ThePresidentoftheU.N.

B.ThepresidentoftheWorldBank.

C.ThePresidentoftheUnitedStates.

15.Howmanywaystoendpovertyarementioned?

A.4.B.6.C.7.

Passage4

（2020?山東?濟(jì)寧學(xué)院附屬中學(xué)三模）

試卷第4頁(yè)，共8頁(yè)

Theyear2019markedthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicof

China（PRC）.Overthepast70years,undertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina

（CPC）,Chinahasexperiencedhistoricchangesandmadegreatachievements.

Thenationhasexperiencedgreateconomic（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）growthinthepastsevendecades.

In1978,China'sGDPwasthe11thhighestintheworld.In2010,ChinaovertookJapan

tobecomethesecond-largesteconomyintheworldaftertheUS.Thecountryisstillinthat

positionnow.

WithChina?sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）in2001,thecountryhas

becomeamajorpowerforworldeconomicgrowth.Since2002,ithashelpedtheworld

economygrowbynearly30%onaverage（平均）.TodayChinaistheworld'slargestexporter

（出口國(guó)）andthesecond-largestimporter（進(jìn)口國(guó)）,accordingtoChinaDaily.

Infightingpoverty（貧窮）inrecentdecades,Chinahasmadehistoricachievementsand

becomeamajorcontributortotheimprovementofpeople'slivesaroundtheworld.Toreduce

（減少）poverty,theChinesegovernmenthasdonealotofwork.Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,

andgavepeoplebettereducationandmedicalservices.Thecountryhaspromisedtoeradicate

（根除）extreme（極端）povertyby2020,andtodate,morethan800millionChinesehave

beenliftedoutofpoverty,ChinaDailynoted.

Asforeducation,manyChinesearegoingabroadtostudyanddoresearch.Over600,000

Chinesewentabroadtostudyin2018,accordingtoChinaDaily.Chinahasalsosetup536

ConfuciusInstitutes（孑L子學(xué)院）inmorethan150countries.Manyforeignstudentsare

learningChineselanguageandculturethere.

16.WhatdoweknowaboutChina'seconomy?

A.China?seconomyisthesecond-largestintheworld.

B.China'seconomyovertookJapan'sforoneyear.

C.China'sGDPreacheditshighestlevelin1978.

D.Chinaistheworld'slargestimporterandexporter.

17.WhathasChinadonetoreducepoverty?

a.Builtroads.

b.Createdmorejobs.

c.Givenpeoplemoney.

d.Improvedmedicalservices.

e.Providedfreecollegeeducation.

A.abeB.abdC.acdD.bee

18.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

A.HowmanyChinesestudentsarestudyingabroad.

B,WhyChinahassetupConfuciusInstitutes.

C.China'sdevelopmentineducation.

D.China'ssupportforforeignstudents.

19.Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?

A.HowgreatChina'seconomyis.B.HowChinahasfoughtpoverty.

C.HowChina'seducationhaschanged.D.TheachievementsChinahasmade.

Passage5

（2021?山東北區(qū)?二模）WiththedevelopmentofChina,manytraditionalink

paintings（水墨畫(huà)）showthechangesinsouthernChinesevillages.ShangXinzhou,a

painterfromtheGuangxiArtsUniversity,hasbeencreatingtraditionalinkpaintingsformany

years.Hispaintingsshowthelifeinpoorareas.

“ThankstomyexperienceinDuomaiVillage,Icanmakethepaintingsmuchlovelier,

saidthe36-year-oldpainter,whohasspenttwoandahalfyearsworkingthere.

Shang5spaintingsshowtheprogressinthefightagainstpoverty.Hisworksshow

changesfromdifficultlocalconditionsandpeople'shardtimestobetterconditionsandhappy

lives.

“Ilikedrawingpeople'sreallives,andpaintingscanbeabridgeforcommunication

betweenthelocalpeopleandme."saidShang.

Duringhisstay,heputhispaintingsaboutthelocallifeontheInternettohelpvillagers

selltheirproducts.Tomakethenightlifetherericher,hesoldpaintingstobuystreetlights,so

peoplecouldenjoysquaredancingintheevening.

Shang?sexcellentworkswerepopularinthevillage.t4Ilovehispaintingsandtheyshow

greatchangesinourvillage,saidafarmer.

試卷第6頁(yè)，共8頁(yè)

Inrecentyears,moreartistshavetraveledtomountainvillagestorecordthe

developmentofChina'spoorareas,tellingstoriesofthecountry'sfightagainstpoverty.uFve

seenthelocalpovertyalleviation.Iwanttorecordthechangesofthepoorareasandcreate

moreworksaboutpeople,“saidShang.

20.WhatmadeShang9spaintingslovelier?

A.Hishappylife.B.Hisstayinacity.

C.Hisexperienceinavillage.D.Hisexperienceinauniversity.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"poverty“meaninChinese?

A.沉默B.交流C.富有D.貧窮

22.WhatdidShangdoforthepeopleinDuomaiVillage?

@hetaughtthemtodance.

②Heboughtthemstreetlights.

（3）Hehelpedthemselltheirproducts.

@Hetaughtthemtocreatepaintings.

A.①④B.②③C.①③D.②④

23.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.WhyShangcreatedthepaintings.B.WhenShangstartedtopaint.

C.HowShang?slifewasinthevillage.D.WhereShangwillworkinthefuture.

24.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Apainterspenthiswholelifefightingagainstpovertyinhiscity.

B.ApaintertriedtoshowtheworldChinesetraditionalinkpaintings.

C.Apainterusedhispaintingstorecordthechangesinpoorareas.

D.Apainterfoundtheeasiestwaytomakehimselffamousinhiscountry.

Passage5

（2021?湖北谷城?一模）Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,Chinahastriedto

educatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoshake^poverty（貧困）.

MaoXianglin,62,avillageheadofXiazhuangvillage,WushancountyinChongqing.In

1997,38-year-oldMaostartedtoworkasthePartysecretary（黨支書(shū)）ofhisvillage.Around

thevillageare1,000-meter-tallcliffs（懸崖峭壁），andtherewasonlyonepathwayoutofthe

villageformanyyears.Ittookvillagersthreedaystowalktothenearesttown.Maodecided

tobuildaroad.

“Wecan'tstaypoorforever.I'llleadusaswetry,eventhoughitwillbehard.^^Maosaid.

Heledmorethan100villagerstobuildtheroadwiththeirhands.Theyhungfromropesand

usedhammers（錘）anddrills（鉆）tocreatetheroad.Fallingrocksledtothedeathsofsix

villagers.Ittookthemsevenyearstobuildaneight-kilometerroad.Buttheirworkhas

improvedpeople'slives.Itnowtakesjustonehourtodrivetothenearesttown.

Maothenencouragedthevillagerstogroworanges.Lastyear,theirorangeyield（產(chǎn)量）

wasnearly40tons.Youngpeoplehavereturnedtothevillagetosellorangesonline.Bythe

endof2019,269villagershadbeenliftedoutofpoverty.Thepercapitaincome（人均收入）

reached12,670yuan,40timesmorethaninthe1990s.

25.HowdoesChinadealwithpovertyaccordingtothearticle?

A.Bygivingpeoplebooks.B.Bygivingpeopleclothes.

C.Bygivingpeoplefood.D.Byeducatingandprovidingtools.

26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace"shakeoff''inPara.l?

A.getintoB.getoutofC.getinthewayofD.getusedto

27.WhatdoesMaoXianglindo?

A.AvillagerB.AvillageheadC.AworkerD.Anoldteacher

28.Ittakesvillagerstothenearesttownnow.

A.sevenhourstorideB.onehourtodrive

C.threeweekstowalkD.threedaystowalk

29.AboutXiazhuangvillage,whichisNOTright?

A.Therewasonlyonepathwayinthepast.B.Thevillagespent7yearsbuildingaroad.

C.Thevillagersgrowapplesandsellonline.D.269villagershaveshakenoffpoverty.

試卷第8頁(yè)，共8頁(yè)

參考答案

1.A

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.D

【分析】

本文講述了中國(guó)在脫貧戰(zhàn)斗中涌現(xiàn)出的英雄以及他們所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ZhangGuimei...Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,

800girlsgotocollege”可知，張貴梅幫助女孩們上學(xué)，故選A。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wushan,Chongqing...Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttown

inthepast."可知，過(guò)去重慶巫山的人們?nèi)プ罱逆?zhèn)上，需要步行去，故選A。

3.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"JingdongYi,Yunnan...Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.“可知，

云南省的景東彝族自治縣因?yàn)橐吧⒐蕉雒?，故選C。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.“可

知，8年來(lái)，9899萬(wàn)村民實(shí)現(xiàn)了脫貧。故選D。

5.

推理判斷題o根據(jù)"Poverty（貧窮）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjob

todealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.”可知，中國(guó)在脫貧方面已經(jīng)取得了偉大的成

就，故選D。

6.A

7.B

8.A

9.D

答案第1頁(yè)，共6頁(yè)

10.B

【分析】

本文是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了河北省的一個(gè)貧困村——沙市峪在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨脫貧攻堅(jiān)的正

確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在全體村民的共同努力下，發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化的故事。

6.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“IntheancientChinesestory,YuGongcouldmovemountainswithhis

strongwillandhardwork,whycan'twe?”可知，張貴順用愚公的故事來(lái)激勵(lì)村民是因?yàn)橛薰?/p>

意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，工作努力。故選A。

7.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“LedbytheCommunistPartyofChina（中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨），thevillagers

carriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.”可知,從1966

年到1971年，村民們把水和土壤運(yùn)到他們的村莊改善土地來(lái)改善他們的生活狀況。故選B。

8.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中"LedbytheCommunistPartyofChina（中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨），thevillagers

carriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.From1966to.

1971,theyreclaimed（開(kāi)墾）lotsoflandandgreatlyimprovedtheir和“andvillagersstarted

grapecultivation,whichsoonbecameamainindustryinShashiyu.”可推理出，沙石峪的村民是

很勤奮的。故選A。

9.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“In2009,thecity-levelgovernmentinvestedover1millionyuan（$152,

723）tochangethevillage'sexhibitionhallintoamuseuminmemoryofdevelopmentefforts

madebyearliergenerations.After10years,thevillagewascalled"'NationalForestVillage”.”可推

理出，沙石峪在2019年被稱(chēng)為“國(guó)家森林村”。故選D。

10.

推理判斷題。短文主要記敘了河北省的一個(gè)貧困村——沙市峪在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨脫貧攻堅(jiān)的正確

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在全體村民的共同努力下，發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化的故事,這是一篇新聞報(bào)道，故

推理出，你可能在報(bào)紙上讀到這篇文章。故選B。

11.C

12.B

答案第2頁(yè)，共6頁(yè)

13.A

14.B

15.A

【分析】

本篇文章難度是適中，主要講述幾個(gè)消除貧困的方法。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Another842millionpeople,oroneineightpeople,donothaveenoughto

eat,today可知，如今，其他的8億四千二百萬(wàn)人，或者八分之一的人沒(méi)有足夠的吃的，故

選C。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Forthepoor,laborisoftentheonlythingtheycanusetoimprovetheir

well-being可知，對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說(shuō)，勞動(dòng)往往是他們唯一可以用來(lái)改善生活的東西，故選B。

13.主旨大意題。根據(jù)Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts（影響）therestofthesocieties

以及第四段可知，講述女孩和女人的教育影響著社會(huì),所以是女孩和婦女接受教育的重要性，

故選Ao

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThepresidentoftheWorldBank,JimYongKim可知，他是世界銀行行

長(zhǎng)，故選B。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Creatingjobs>Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts（影響）therest

ofthesocieties>TheUnitedStateshasn'traisedthelowestpaysince2007、Thepresidentofthe

WorldBank,JimYongKim,saysthathebelieves"healthcarecoveringinallcountriescanhelp

achieveagoalofendingextremepovertyby2030可知，總共提出了四個(gè)方法：創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、

女孩和婦女接受教育、健康醫(yī)療和提高最低工資。故選A。

16.A

17.B

18.C

19.D

【分析】

2019年是中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年。本文介紹了中國(guó)的發(fā)展，以及為了對(duì)抗貧窮做出的

努力。

16.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In2010,ChinaovertookJapantobecomethesecond-largesteconomyinthe

答案第3頁(yè)，共6頁(yè)

worldaftertheUS.”可知2010年，中國(guó)超過(guò)日本，成為僅次于美國(guó)的世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。故

選Ao

17.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)"Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,andgavepeoplebettereducationandmedical

services.”可知為了減少貧窮，中國(guó)修路、增加工作機(jī)會(huì)、給人們更好的教育和醫(yī)療。因此

abd符合。故選B。

18.

主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Asforeducation,manyChinesearegoingabroadtostudyanddoresearch.9,

可知此段介紹了中國(guó)在教育方面的發(fā)展。故選C。

19.

主旨大意題。第一段總領(lǐng)全文，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Overthepast70years,underthe

leadershipoftheCommunistParty