某版高考英語一輪復習課件：專題十七概要寫作

某版高考英語一輪復習課件：專題十七概要寫作inghabits.It'sbettertowriteforfifteenortwentyminuteseverydaythantositforfiveorsix

hourstowriteovertheweekend.However,ifyoucanmakeadailywritingschedulewithlonger

hoursonyourwritingonweekends,thenit'smuchbetter.Oneoftheworsthabitsisnevertogethelpfromotherstoimproveyourwriting.Itisadvisedthat

youshareyourworkwithothers.Forexle,youcansendyourwritingtoafewfriends,round

upsomereadersandletthemcommentonyourwriting.Thatway,you'llfindyourwritinggradu-

allyimproved.

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[寫作提示]文章主要講述好的寫作習慣對提高寫作水平的幫助。文章結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰,以自然段為基礎概

括要點即可。其中第一段是主旨段,而后面的三段為具體的做法。Onepossibleversion:Goodwritinghabitscontributealottoimprovingyourwriting.(要點1)First,youshouldreadas

muchaspossibletogettheknowledgeandskillsforwriting.(要點2)Youshouldalsomakeawrit-

ingplanandkeepupyourdailywriting.(要點3)Besides,you'dbetterturntoothersforhelptoim-

proveyourwriting.(要點4)Writing2(2018浙江金華十校一模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。ThefamiliaryellowschoolbusisthelargestsystemofmasstransportationintheUSandevery

schooldaytransportsroughly25millionyoungpeopletoschoolandhomeagainaftertheschool

dayends.Meanwhile,itisthesafestmethodforgettingkidstoandfromschool,accordingtothe

NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA).Childrenare70timesmorelikelyto

arriveatschoolsafelyontheschoolbusthaniftheyhadtraveledtoschooldrivingthemselvesor

ridingwithfriends.Theseschoolbusesmeetmoreofthenation'smotorvehiclesafetystandardsthananyothervehi-clesontheroad.Also,severalnewtechnologiesavailabletodayaremakingschoolbuseseven

safer,suchasvideocamerasontheinsideandoutside,stoparmcameras,GPStrackingandcolli-

sionlesseningsystems.Anothersafetytoolonschoolbusesishighseatbacks,closely-spacedseats

andenergy-absorbingseats.Buteventhesafenessofschoolbuseswouldnotcompletelysumupwhychildrenaresaferwhen

ridingthebig,yellowbus.Thebusisonlyassafeastheprofessionalmenandwomenwhodrive

them.AlldriversmustobtainaClassBorCCommercialDriver'sLicense(CDL).Theyareran-

domlytestedforalcoholanddrugs,usuallyhavetheirdrivingrecordchecked,andaregiventhe

samereviewofcriminalhistoryasteachersandotheremployeeswhohavecontactwithstudents.

Inordertoserveasaschoolbusdriver,mostapplicantsarerequiredtosuccessfullycompletea

trainingcourse,alongwithinstructionintheclassroomandbehindthewheel.Schoolbusesaresafefortheenvironment,notonlybecauseeachbusreplaces36passengercars

thatwould,butforthebuses,beontheroadtakingandpickingupschoolchildren.Additionally,

schoolbusesusealternativegreenfuelslikenaturalgas,andelectricpower.ToddMonteferrario,PresidentoftheNationalSchoolTransportationAssociation,saidparents

shouldrememberthatthesafestandsmartestchoiceistoputtheirchildrenonthebigyellowbus

whentheycan.

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[寫作提示]本文是議論文。文章主要論述校車的好處。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)為“總——分——總”模式。第一

段是主題段,提出了主要觀點。第二至第四段分別是具體的論據(jù)。最后一段提出結(jié)論。Onepossibleversion:TheschoolbusisthesafestandwisestchoicetoschoolintheUS.(要點1)Firstly,schoolbusesnot

onlymeethighvehiclesafetystandardsbutalsoaretechnologicallyequipped.(要點2)Secondly,

thebusdrivershavetopassstrictqualificationtestsandsafetydrivingtraining.(要點3)Thirdly,schoolbuses,poweredbygreenfuelsenvironmentallysafebyreducingthenumberofprivatecars

hittingtheroads.(要點4)Thereforechildrenareencouragedtogotoschoolbyschoolbus.(要點5)Writing3(2017浙江衢州高三一模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalen-

gineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Discussionsaboutitarein-

creasinglyheatedaroundtheworld.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresent

canalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeopleare

murderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.

Butifthegenetechnologyisapplied,notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredcompletely,bring-

inghappinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeople

spendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,thereforeitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,

thehumanlifespan(壽命)canbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtohealthierandclevererchildren.Somefamilies

havegeneticdiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilialdisease,whichisa

greattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingaboutgeneticdiseases.But

genetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Scientistsjustneedtofindthewronggeneand

correctit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtocreatehumanbeingsinlargequan-

tities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloninganimalssuchasmice,sheep,and

dogs;therefore,thesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbeclonedandthatitwouldbe

beyondcontrol,leadingtosomedisastrousconsequences.Butmanybelievethatclonedbabieswill

notcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinaverynormal

wayandtheyalsobelievemeasureswillbetakentocontrolgenetechnology.

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[寫作提示]

文章首先介紹了基因工程的好處。最后一段說明了一些不同的觀點。在概要寫作時,以自然

段為概括的基礎。Onepossibleversion:Genetechnologyisnowahottopicworldwide.(要點1)Itcanhelppeoplecuredeadlydiseasesand

allowthemtoliveahappierandlongerlifewithbettereconomicconditions.(要點2)Genetech-

nologyalsomakesitpossibleforpeoplewithgeneticdiseasestogivebirthtohealthybabies.(要點

3)However,somepeopleareconcernedthatgenetechnologywillbelargelyusedinhuman

cloningwhileothersdon'tseeitasaproblem.(要點4)高級語塊givebirthto生出小孩;造成(某事的產(chǎn)生)beconcernedthat...擔心……Writing4(2017浙江“七彩陽光”聯(lián)盟3月)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ican'tdecidewhatIwanttoeatfordinnertonight.DoIfeellikeItalianfoodorThaifood?Indian

orChinese?AmericanorTurkish?Idon'tneedtotravelaroundtheworld;allthesechoicesare

availableinatypicalinnercityinAustralia.Australianfoodhasmanydifferentculturalinfluences.Overthepastcentury,peoplefrommany

countrieshavecometoAustralia.Thesemigrants(移民)havecontributedtothemeltingpot,that

is,Australianfood.“Whetheryou'reaftermodern,traditionalorexoticflavors,Australia'seclecticdiningsceneof-

fersawiderangeoftheworld'sgreatcuisines(菜肴),”theVisitVictoriawebsitenoted.SomeAustralianfamiliesmayrestricttheirdiettothebasic“meatandthreeveg”meal:onesort

ofmeat(chicken,beef,lamb,andsoon),alongwiththreedifferenttypesofvegetables(usually

potatoes,peasandcarrots).Butmostpeopleenjoythevariety.IfIweretopickfourmealsthateveryAustralianeats,theywouldbeItalianspaghettibolognaise(意式肉醬面),Chinesefriedrice,BritishfishandchipsandThaigreenchickencurry.ChinesestudentsinAustraliafinditeasytogetaChinesemeal.CitieslikeSydneyhavelargeChi-

natowns,butmanytownsinthecountryalsohaveaChinesetakeawayrestaurant.PopularAustralian-Chinesedishesmaynotalwaysseemauthentic—HoneyChicken,forexle

—butyoucanstillfinddumplingsandnoodles.Evenso,Australiahasitsown,veryAustraliansavory(可口的)dish:meatpie.It'sarealclassic!

Thedishisonthemenuateveryhousepartyandsportingvenue(場所),andiseateneverymorn-

ingafterabignight.Andwhocouldforgetdesserts?WeAustraliansoftenfightwithNewZealandersoverwhohasthe

rightfulclaimtothepavlova(奶油水果蛋白餅)andlamington(拉明頓巧克力椰絲方形蛋糕)

desserts,bothequallydeliciousandsweet.

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[寫作提示]

文章主要是關(guān)于澳大利亞飲食的多元化現(xiàn)象。本文段落比較分散,但是其中心主旨還是很明

確的。閱讀時注意幾個相關(guān)中心的把握。Onepossibleversion:VariouschoicesoffoodfromaroundtheworldareavailableinatypicalinnercityinAustralia.(要

點1)DifferentculturalinfluencescontributetoAustralianfoods.(要點2)ButsomeAustralianfami-

liesmayrestricttheirdiettomeatandthreevegwhilemostenjoyitsvariety.(要點3)ThoughChi-

nesedishesareeasytogetinAustralia,Australianshavetheirownspecialdishes:meatpieand

desserts.(要點4)深度解析很多概寫的文章的自然段結(jié)構(gòu)就反映了文章的要點線索,但是也有的文章,其自然

段比較零碎,因此不能依靠自然段的結(jié)構(gòu)來概要寫作。這時就要考慮各個自然段在中心方面

的相似度,一次來進行概括。高級語塊contributeto對……做出貢獻佳句背誦Variouschoicesoffoodfromaroundtheworldareavailableinatypicalinnercityin

Australia.DifferentculturalinfluencescontributetoAustralianfoods.Writing1(2018浙江學軍中學領(lǐng)航卷)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。CallingLatinadeadlanguageisamatterofsemantics(語義學).Therearethosewhowouldsug-

gestLatinisnotdead,andthatitlivesonineverydaylanguageusedbybillionsofpeopleworld-

wide.Othersarguethatbecausethere'reroutineupdatesonLatinpublishedbytheRoman

CatholicChurch,itisstillaliveanddeveloping.However,Latinisnolongerused,onadailybasis,bythevastmajorityofpeopleoutsideofspecific

religioussettings,wheretraditioninfluencesitsuse.Itisnolongeranyone'snativelanguage.While

itsuseisstilltaught,Latinisnolongerconsideredtobeadevelopinglanguagetothedegreeof

mostmodernlanguages.ThereasonsforLatindyingoutarenumerous.Perhapsthemostsignificantonehastodowiththe

declineoftheRomanEmpire.DuringtheRomanperiod,languagewasstandardizedtoagreater

degree.BecauseRomewasthemostpowerfulpoliticalcountryintheWesternworldatthetime,B組2016—2018年高考模擬·綜合題組mostofthosewhohadanyambitiontosucceedhadadesiretolearnLatin.Asaresult,thelanguage

spreadrapidly.However,thatrapidexpansionwouldeventuallybegintoplateau(處于停滯狀態(tài))

andfinallydecline.Latincontinuedtobeusedduringthemedievalperiod.ThroughoutEurope,itremainedthelan-

guageofchoice.However,withnothingtounitethecontinent,therewasnoneedforauniform

language.Soslowly,overaperiodofhundredsofyears,Latinbegantochangeasdifferentregions

developedtheirowndialects(方言),knownastheRomancelanguagestoday,amongwhichthe

mostcommonlyspokenandrecognizableareSpanish,Portuguese,ItalianandFrench.ThoughnotdirectlyrelatedtotheRomancelanguages,Latinstillhasaneffectonmanyotherlan-

guages.English,forexle,whichisnotoneoftheRomancelanguagesbutaGermanicone,can

tracenearlytwo-thirdsofitswordsbacktoLatinroots.

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[寫作提示]本文主要介紹了拉丁語的興衰。文章有五段,每段自成一個信息群,概括要點時以段落為基礎

進行即可。Onepossibleversion:SomepeopleassumeLatinisalivinganddevelopinglanguageratherthanadeadone.(要點1)But

mostpeopledon'tuseitindailylifeanymoreexceptonspecificreligiousoccasions.(要點2)Its

gradualdisappearanceresultedfrommanyfactorsespeciallythefalloftheRomanEmpire.(要點

3)WiththeRomanEmpirerisingandfalling,Latinexperienceditsexpansion,stabilityandthen

decline.(要點4)AlthoughLatinchangedastheRomancelanguagescameintobeing,itstillinflu-

encesmanyotherlanguages,likeEnglish,today.(要點5)高級語塊resultfrom由于withtheRomanEmpirerisingandfalling隨著羅馬帝國的興衰

expansionn.擴張stabilityn.穩(wěn)定declinen.衰落Writing2(2018浙江溫州二模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Lookinsideanyfamilyhomeintheevening,andyoumightseeatypicalenoughscene:Momand

Dad,eachontheirownlaptoportablet,streamingmovies,catchinguponworkormaybeanswer-

ingemailsontheirsmartphones.Meanwhile,onechildischattingonlinewithoneschoolfriend

whiletextinganother.Theotherisplayingavideogamewithafriendontheothersideofthecity

atthesametime.Eachmemberofthefamilyistotallyabsorbedinhisorherownpieceoftech-

nologies.Accordingtosomeexperts,theeffectoftechnologyonhumanrelationshipsisworryingastech-

nologybecomesasubstituteforface-to-facehumanrelationships.Itappearstobethecasethat

manypeoplewouldmuchratherspendtimewiththeirelectronicgadgets(電子產(chǎn)品)thanwithone

another.Youngpeoplesayitisdifficulttogettheirparents'attentionandtheyhavetocompete

withsmartphones,tabletsandothertechnologies.However,areportfromthePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectoffersamorehelpfulanden-

couragingview,suggestingthatfarfromreplacinghumancontact,technologycanactuallybetterfamilyrelationships.Justoverhalfofthe2,253peoplesurveyedagreedthattechnologyhaden-

abledthemtoincreasetheircontactwithdistantfamilymembersand47percentsaidithadim-

provedthecommunicationwiththepeopletheylivedwith.Moreover,eventheclosestmembersof

familiesneedtimeawayfromeachotheratsomepointtoseektheirowninterests.Familymem-

berswhomightotherwisehavesatinseparateroomscannowbeinthesameonewhilestilloccu-

pyingadifferentmentalspace.Lookbackatourtypicalfamilysceneabove.Isitanydifferentfromfourpeoplereadingtheirown

books?Orisitdrivingfamilyapart?Wheretechnologywillleadusremainstobeseen.Yetthereis

noneedtoworry.Asamatteroffact,howitaffectsourfamilyrelationshipsdependsonouratti-

tudetowardtechnology.

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[寫作提示]本文結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,但是概括要點時要注意文章的觀點在前后有很大的轉(zhuǎn)折和對比,而且其觀點和

我們平時的對電子產(chǎn)品的社會主流觀點并不一致,因此在寫概要前一定要讀懂原文,不要受固

有觀點的影響。Onepossibleversion:Nowadaysfamilymembersareoftenfoundlostintheirownelectronicproducts.(要點1)Someex-

pertsfearthattechnologycanaffectfamilyrelationshipsforlackofface-to-facecommunication.

(要點2)However,areporthasfoundtechnologybenefitsfamilybondsinthatitmakesmembers

closerandprovidesprivatementalspaceaswell.(要點3)Actually,nottechnologyitselfbutpeople

'sattitudetowardsitinfluencesfamilyrelations.(要點4)高級語塊inthat因為;由于belostin沉迷于……attitudetowards對……的態(tài)度Writing3(2018浙江寧波重點高中聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Smalltalk.Chitchat.Thesearetheshortconversationswehaveatparties,whilewewaitinlineatthestore,atfamilyeventsorwork.Sometimeswemakesmalltalkwithpeoplewealreadyknow

butnotwell.Oftenwehavetomakesmalltalkwithcompletestrangers.Manypeoplefindsuch

smalltalkaboutrandomtopicsdifficult.Somepeoplesaytheyhateit.Otherssaysmalltalkisa

wasteoftime.Theymayevencallitidlechitchatoridlechatter,meaningitdoesn'tdoanything.

Theyconsidersmalltalknotimportant.However,smalltalkisimportant.Smalltalkcanopendoorsthatmayleadtolarger,moremeaningfulconversations.Whenyoufirst

meetsomeoneortalktosomeoneyoudon'tknowwell,itwouldbeawkwardtobeginaconversa-

tionaboutareallydeeptopicsuchaswar,politicsorthemeaningoflife.Smalltalkalsogivesyouthechancetodecideifyouwanttogetknowthatpersonbetterornot.

Let'ssayyoumakesmalltalkwithsomeoneataparty.Buttheyonlywanttotalkaboutcats.You

maynotwanttobuildafriendshipwiththemunlessyoureally,reallylovecats.Chitchatcanalsoincreaseyourfeelingofunderstanding,towardpeopleyouknowbutnotwell.

Chattingwithacolleagueabouttheirchildmayhelpyoutounderstandmoreoftheirlifeoutside

theoffice.Thiscouldhelpbuildhealthyworkrelationships.Smalltalkcouldevenhelpyourlargercommunities—yourrelationshipswithneighbors.Exchang-

ingrecipeswithaneighborinyourapartmentbuildingmaymakehernoisesupstairseasiertolive

with.In2011,mostcommuters(通勤者)inthecityofChicagosaidtheywouldenjoy“quietcars”

wheretheysataloneanddidnottalktoanybody.ResearchersattheUniversityofChicagothen

askedsomeparticipantsinastudytotalktopeoplewhilecommutingtoworkonatrain.They

foundthatthosewhomadesmalltalkwithstrangerswerehappierthanthosewhosatalone.

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[寫作提示]概要寫作一般要以自然段為基礎歸納概要。但是本文自然段比較多,而個別段落的中心比較接近,可以將這些相關(guān)的段落進行合并。Onepossibleversion:Althoughsmalltalkisdislikedbymanypeople,itisactuallyofvitalimportanceinourdailylife.

(要點1)Firstly,smalltalkcannotonlyleadtomeaningfulconversationsbutalsohelpyoudecide

whethertofurtheryourrelationship.(要點2)Besides,throughsmalltalk,youcanbuildbetterrela-

tionshipswithyourcolleaguesandneighbors.(要點3)What'smore,researchersalsofindthat

smalltalkcanmakepeoplehappier!(要點4)高級語塊beofvitalimportance具有重要的作用furtheryourrelationship推進你們的關(guān)系

buildbetterrelationships建立更好的關(guān)系Writing4(2017浙江溫州中學3月模擬)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。GUANGZHOU—Atleast25peoplehavebeenconfirmeddeadafterTyphoonUsagimadelandfall

inChina'sGuangdongProvinceonSundayevening,accordingtotheprovincialfloodcontrol

headquarters.“ElectricityandwatersupplywerecutoffintheHuilaicounty,Jieyangcity,andhouseswerecol-

lapsedaswindspeedsatthecenterexceeded180kmperhouronSundayafternoon,”saidLi

Feng,aborderpoliceofficerofthecity.IntercitytrainsbetweenGuangzhou,ShenzhenandZhuhaiweresuspendedat6pmandnearly50

trains,includingthosealongthehigh-speedlinestoBeijing,ShenzhenandHongKong,willbe

suspendeduntilTuesday,accordingtotheGuangzhouRailwayCorporation.AtaXiechenggasstationonNationalRoad324nearShanweicity,whereatleast13ofthe25vic-

timswerekilled,windswerestrongenoughtoblowcarsofftheroadandalltrafficwasstopped.

ResidentLiHuolongsaidhewasonhiswayhomeinShanweiwhenthebackwindowofhiscar

wasbrokenbythewind.Educationalauthoritiesin14citiesorderedschoolstosuspendclassesonSunday,aschooldayin

Chinabecauseofthethree-dayMid-AutumnFestivalwhichjustended.Morethan47,000fishingboatswereinharbor,withnearly20,000fishermenkeptonshore.Allbeachesintheprovincehavebeenclosed.

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[寫作提示]

本文是說明文,介紹了臺風“天免”對廣東造成的破壞。概括時要注意要點,要照顧到臺風破

壞的各個主要方面。因為涉及并列信息的敘述,因此要注意概寫的句子之間的順暢連接。Onepossibleversion:TyphoonUsagistruckChina'sGuangdongProvincejustaftertheMid-AutumnFestival,causingatleast25deaths.(要點1)Inadditiontohavingdamagedmanyhouses,italsostoppedtrafficand

transportsandevensomecarswereblownofftheroad.(要點2)What'sworse,electricityandwa-

tersupplywerecutoff,anditalsokeptfishermenonshoreandstudentsoffschool.(要點3)All

beachesintheprovincehavebeenclosed.(要點4)高級語塊

inadditionto除……外beblownofftheroad被吹離了路面Writing5(2017浙江臺州高三期末)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Collegesareattachingtoomuchimportancetotests.Studentswhoreceivehigherscoresonthe

SATandtheACTareconsideredtobemoreintelligentandasaresulttheyareusuallyadmittedto

betterschools.However,thesetestsdon'tnecessarilyensur