先天性心臟病英文

先天性心臟病英文1、Geneticfactor(internalfactor):Geneticandchromosomalaberrations2、Environmentalfactor(externalfactor):Highaltitude4、Inheritedfactor3、Otherrelatedfactors:Viralinfectionsofpregnancy,Motherswhoarediabetic,alcoholicsordrugaddictiveDrugsandmetabolicfactorsEtiologyThehealthprotectionofpregnantwomanshouldbeenhanced、Highriskfactors,suchasdrugs,radiation,viralinfection,et、shouldbeavoided、SuitdosageFolicAcidshouldbefilledupinearlypregnancystage、PreventionDoesthechildhaveheartdisease?EvaluatingachildwithaheartmurmurIsitcongenitalheartdisease?Ifitiscongenitalheartdisease,whatisthelesion?Whatistheseverityofthelesion?Assessmentofachildforthepresenceofheartdisease

MajorSystolicmurmurgardeIIIormorespeciallywithathrillDiastolicmurmurCyanosisCongestiveheartfailureMinorSystolicmurmurlessthangradeIIIinintensity2、AbnormalS23、AbnormalECG4、AbnormalX-ray5、AbnormalBPCHDAcyanoticCHDCyanoticCHDLtoRshuntsASDVSDPDAObstructivelesionsPulmonicstenosisAorticstenosisCoarctationofaortaMitralregurgitationRtoLshuntsTOFCompleteTGATOFPDAVSDASDFourCongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildren返回CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect(ASD)ASDisthemostfrequentcongenitallesionofmajorimportanceinadults、Itisoftennotdiagnoseduntiladultlife,eveninthepresentera,becauseitrarelyproducessymptomsinchildhoodandtheassociatedphysicalsignsareeasilyconfusedwiththecardiacfindingsinnormalchildren、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectThreetypesofatrialseptaldefectareclassifiedonananatomicbasis:ostiumsecundum第二孔,sinusvenosus,andostiumprimum第一孔、Allthreetypesareassociatedwithaleft-to-rightshuntattheatriallevelandvolumeoverworkoftherightventricle、房間隔缺損12大家應(yīng)該也有點(diǎn)累了，稍作休息大家有疑問(wèn)的，可以詢問(wèn)和交流房間隔缺損—原發(fā)孔型位于房間隔得下部,緊鄰房室瓣。房間隔缺損—繼發(fā)孔型亦稱中央型或卵圓孔型房間隔缺損—靜脈竇型位置接近上腔靜脈房間隔缺損CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Bloodischronicallyovercirculatedthroughthelungsatnormalintracardiacpressurelevels、Increasedflowthroughthepulmonaryvalveproducesacharacteristicpulmonarysystolicejectionmurmur、Thepulmonaryvalvecloseslatebecauseofthereducedimpedance阻抗inthepulmonaryarterialsystem,causingawidesplittingofthesecondheartsound,theotherclassicfindinginASD、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectThesplittingremainsrelativelyfixedinrelationtorespiration;

theaorticandpulmonaryponentsremainaudiblysplitduringexpiration、Achestx-rayusuallyrevealsenlargementoftheheartandsignsofpulmonaryovercirculation,suchasalargepulmonarytrunkandincreasedpulmonaryvascularmarkings、Therelativeseverityoftheseconditionsreflectsthesizeoftheleft-to-rightshunt、

CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectTwomajorplicationsofASDarepulmonaryarterialhypertensionandrightventricularfailure、Pulmonaryarterialhypertensioniscausedbyelevatedpulmonaryvascularresistance;itdevelopsafteradolescenceinabout15percentofcases、Inthemostseverecases,anirreversibleplexiformarteriopathy叢狀得動(dòng)脈病,similartothatseeninEisenmengersyndromeorprimarypulmonaryhypertension,ispresent、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Asaresultofpulmonaryhypertension,theleft-to-rightshuntfirstdecreases,thenbeesbidirectional,andfinallyreverses;arightventricularpressureoverloaddevelops,pulmonarybloodflowisreduced,andthepatientbeescyanotic、

CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Rightventricularfailuredevelopsasaresultoflong-standingvolumeoverload;itusuallyaffectspatientsolderthan40years、Rightventricularfailureisusuallyassociatedwithatrialflutterorfibrillationandisoftenlinkedtotricuspidregurgitation、Eventually,asyndromeofright-andleft-sidedcongestiveheartfailuredevelops,andatthisstage,itmaybedifficulttodifferentiateclinicallybetweenASDandsuchconditionsascardiomyopathyandmitralvalvedisease、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectSurgicalclosureofASDisaverysafeandhighlyeffectiveprocedure、Prophylacticsurgeryisthereforeindicatedinanypatientinwhomtheratioofpulmonarybloodflowtosystemicbloodflowis2:1orgreater、NearlyallpatientsinwhomASDcanbeclinicallydiagnosedexhibitatleastthisdegreeofleft-to-rightshunt、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Surgeryiscontraindicated治療或處置不當(dāng)whenpulmonaryhypertensionapproachesthepressurelevelofthesystemiccirculationbecauseinsuchpatientstheoperativemortalityishighandtheelevatedpulmonaryvascularresistancedoesnotfallaftersurgery、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectNonsurgicalclosureusingcardiaccatheterizationwithanumbrellalikedevicehasbeenacplishedinpatientswithdefectslessthan2cmindiameter,mostofwhomhavebeeninfantsorsmallchildren、

房間隔缺損封堵傘房間隔缺損封堵過(guò)程CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefect(VSD)VSDisthemostmoncongenitalcardiacanomalyininfants、ItisrarelyseeninadultsbecausesubstantialVSDthatarenotcorrectedsurgicallyareassociatedwithahighmortality、Inaddition,theincidenceofspontaneousclosureofVSDisrelativelyhigh;closureoccursparticularlyoftenininfancybutalsoinlateryears、VSDVSDCongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefectTheVSDthatdoappearinadultsasisolatedanomaliesareusuallylessthan1cmindiameter、Becausetheopeningisquitesmall,normalsystolicpressurecanbemaintainedintherightventricleandinthepulmonaryartery、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefectIninfantswithalargeVSD,medicalmanagementhastwoaims:tocontrolheartfailureandtopreventthedevelopmentofpulmonaryvasculardisease、Therapeuticmeasuresareaimedatthecontrolofheartfailuresymptomsandthemaintenanceofnormalgrowth、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefect

IndicationsforsurgicalclosureofVSDincludepatientsatanyagewithlargedefectsinwhomclinicalsymptomsandfailuretothrivecannotbecontrolledmedically、Infantsbetween6and12moofagewithlargedefectsassociatedwithpulmonaryhypertension,evenifsymptomsarecontrolledbymedication、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefectSurgicalclosureisusuallyundertakentopreventinfectiveendocarditis、Theincidenceofthisplicationisnotwellestablished,butsurgeryappearstobehighlyeffectiveasaprophylactic

measure、室間隔缺損封堵傘室間隔缺損封堵PatentDuctusArteriosusPDA–PersistenceofthenormalfetalvesselthatjoinsthePAtotheAorta、Normallyclosesinthe1stwkoflife、Accountsfor10%ofallCHD,seenin10%ofothercongenitalhrtlesionsandcanoftenplayacriticalroleinsomelesions、Female:Maleratioof2:1Oftenassociatedw/coarctation&VSD、動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管未閉PDAPatentDuctusArteriosusQuestion: WhatTORCHinfectionisPDAassociatedwith??Answer: RubellaPatentDuctusArteriosusHemodynamicsAsaresultofhigheraorticpressure,bloodshuntsLtoRthroughtheductusfromAortatoPA、Extentoftheshuntdependsonsizeoftheductus&PVR:SVR、SmallPDA,pressuresinPA,RV,RAarenormal、PatentDuctusArteriosusHemodynamicsLargePDA,PApressuresareequaltosystemicpressures、Inextremecases70%ofCOisshuntedthroughtheductustopulmonarycirculation、Leadstoincreasedpulmonaryvasculardisease、PatentDuctusArteriosusClinicalSig