hypothesis and research question：假設和研究的問題

HypothesisandresearchquestionAhypothesisisastatementofthepredictedrelationshipbetweentwoormorevariables.Purposes

Allowtheoreticalpropositionstobetestedintherealworld.Guidetheresearchdesign.DictatethetypeofstatisticalanalysisforthedataProvidethereaderwithanunderstandingoftheresearchersexpectationsaboutthestudybeforedatacollectingbegins.TherationaleorsourcesofhypothesisFromtheresearchersownexperiences.Frompreviousresearchstudies.Fromtheoreticalpropositions.Thisisthemostimportantsourceofahypothesis.Thisprocessofahypothesisderivationinvolvesdeductivereasoning.Apropositionalstatementisisolatedfromthestudyframeworkandempiricallytested.Note(1):Nursingresearchinvolvesbothinductiveanddeductivemeansofformulatinghypothesis.Note(2):Hypothesisshouldalwaysbewrittenbeforethestudyandshouldnotbechangedafterthestudyresultsareexamined.Classificationsofhypothesis

Simpleorcomplex:ASimplehypothesis:concernstherelationshipbetweenoneindependentandonedependentvariable(bivariatestudy).Inexperimentalstudiestheindependentvariablemaybeconsideredthecause,andthedependentvariablemaybeconsideredastheeffect.Example:thereisanegativerelationshipbetweendenialandreportsofanxietyamongpostmyocardialinfarctionpatients.Acomplexhypothesis:Concernsarelationshipwheretwoormoreindependentvariables,twoormoredependentvariables,orboth,areexaminedinthesamestudy(multivariate).Example:thereisapositiverelationshipbetweenpatientperceptionofpaincontroland(a)complaintsofpainand(b)requestsforpainmedication.

Note:rememberthathypothesisarenotrequiredifonlyonevariableisbeingexamined.11.NullandresearchhypothesisNullhypothesis(Ho)=Statisticalhypothesis;predictthatnorelationshipexistsbetweenvariables.

Researchhypothesis(H1)=Alternativehypothesis;statetheexpectedrelationshipbetweenvariables.Thelevelofsignificanceforrejectingthestatisticalnullhypothesisshouldalwaysbestatedbeforedataarecollected.Thelevelofsignificanceusuallysetat(.05).thismeansthattheresearcheriswillingtoriskbeingwrong5%.Generallytheaimoftheresearcheristorejectthenullhypothesisbecausethisprovidessupportfortheresearchhypothesis.111.Non-directionalanddirectionalresearchhypothesis

Nondirectionalhypothesis:thedirectionoftherelationshipisnotpresented.Directional:thedirectionoftherelationshipispresent.Itshouldcontainapredictivetermssuchasmorethan,greaterthan,decreasein,orpositivecorrelation.Itisthepreferredtypefornursingresearchstudies.e.g.Anxietylevelsarelowerforpreoperativehysterectomypatientswhohavepracticedrelaxationexercisesthanforpreoperativehysterectomypatientswhohavenotpracticedrelaxationexercises.HypothesisCriteria

Iswritteninadeclarativesentences.Iswritteninthepresenttense.Thereisapositiverelationshipbetweenthenumberoftimeschildrenhavebeenhospitalizedandtheirfearofhospitalization.Containsthepopulation.Containsthevariables.IsempiricallytestableGuidelinesforcritiquinghypothesisandresearchQuestions

Doesthestudycontainahypothesisorhypotheses?Iseachhypothesisclearlywordedandconcise?Isthehypothesiswritteninadeclarativesentences?Iseachhypothesisdirectlytiedtothestudyproblem?Doeseachhypothesiscontainthepopulationandatleasttwovariables?Isitapparentthateachhypot