Unit 1語法Grammar some和any及復(fù)合不定代詞講義2024-2025學(xué)年牛津深圳版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

Unit1Encyclopaedias語法部分一、any&some的區(qū)別1.some①some一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些”“幾個(gè)”，可作形容詞，(1)常修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如：Ineedtobuysomeapplesformyson.我需要給我兒子買一些蘋果。(2)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如：Ihavesomemoneyinmypocket.我口袋里有一些錢。②在表示建議，反問，請(qǐng)求的疑問句中，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)，多用some。如：Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?

你要不要來點(diǎn)咖啡？(表示建議)MayI

havesomechocolate？我能吃點(diǎn)巧克力嗎？(表示請(qǐng)求)2.any①一般用在否定句和疑問句中，表示“一些”，可作形容詞，(1)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如：Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?

你有什么問題要問嗎?(2)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如：Dohaveanylowfatmilkleft?你這有一些低脂牛奶嗎？(3)在否定句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)全部否定，如：Idon'tlikeanyoftheoptions.我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡這些選項(xiàng)。②any在肯定句中，表示任何可能性或選擇的情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何”如：Youcanchooseanycoloryoulike.你可以選擇任何你喜歡的顏色。③在條件狀語中，表示某個(gè)條件成立的情況下，可能會(huì)發(fā)生的可能性或情況。如：Ifthereareanyproblems,pleaseletmeknow.如果有任何問題，請(qǐng)讓我知道。隨堂練習(xí)：用some或any填空。1.Icansee_____birdsinthetree.2.Thereisn’t_____orangejuiceinmybottle.Pleasegiveme_____.3.—Doyouhave_____picture-books?

—No,Idon’thave_____.ButIhave_____story-books.

4.—Isthere_____riceinthebag?

—No,thereisn’t_____.

5.—Arethere_____boysintheclassroom?

—No,butthereare_____girlsinit.

6.—Wouldyoulike_____fruitjuice,please?

—No.I’dlike_____tea.

7.Ifyouhave_____questions,pleaseputupyourhands.8.MayIaskyou_____questions,MissWang?9.Canyousee_____bikesunderthetree?10.Therearenot______boysonthebus.

二、復(fù)合不定代詞1.構(gòu)成2.區(qū)別(1)something，somebody，someone通常用于肯定句；anything，anyone，anybody通常用于否定句、一般疑問句或條件狀語從句中。如：Hefoundsomethingstrangebutinteresting.（肯定句）他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些奇怪但有趣的東西。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?（一般疑問句）你有什么要說的嗎？Ididn'tmeetanybodyontheisland.（否定句）我在島上沒有遇到任何人。(2)在疑問句中，表示邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求、建議，希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答時(shí)，用something，somebody，someone.如：Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎？Whynotasksomeonetohelpyou?為什么不請(qǐng)人幫你？(3)肯定句中，anything在表示“任何事(物)”，anyone，anybody表示“無論誰，任何人”AnythingisOK.任何事情都可以。如：Anybodyknowstheanswer.任何人都知道答案。Iwouldliketodoanythingforyou.我愿意為你做任何事。(4)someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介詞of連用；someone，anyone，everyone則既可指人又可指物，可與介詞of連用。如：Anyoneshouldbepolitetoeveryoneofthem.任何人都要禮貌對(duì)待他們中的每一個(gè)人。---Whichtoywouldyoulike?---你要那個(gè)玩具？---AnyoneisOK.---隨便。(5)noone（=nobody）“沒有人”，只用來指人，通常不和介詞of連用；none“沒有一個(gè)”，既可以用來指人也可用來指物。如：Noonecandoitbetter.沒有人能做得更好。Noneofthesequestionsiseasy,andnoneofuscanevenansweranyoneofthem.這些問題沒有一個(gè)是容易的，我們中沒有一個(gè)人能答出其中的一題。(6)回答who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)用noone；回答howmany引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)用none。如：---Whowaslate?---誰遲到了？---Noone.---誰也沒有遲到。---Howmanypigsdoyoukeep?---你養(yǎng)幾頭豬？---None.---一頭也沒養(yǎng)。隨堂練習(xí)1._____givesmemorepleasurethancookingdeliciousfood.A.EverythingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Nothing2.I’mhungry.Iwant______toeat.A.anything

B.somethingC.everything

D.nothing3.—Doyouhave______tosayforyourself?

—No,Ihave______tosay.A.something;everything

B.nothing;somethingC.everything;anything

D.anything;nothing4.Whynotask______tohelpyou?A.everyone

B.someoneC.anyone

D.none5.Shelistenedcarefully,butheard______.A.anyone

B.someoneC.everyone

D.nothing6.Thisis________storythat______ofuslikestoreadit.A．suchaninterested;everyone

B．suchaninteresting;everyoneC．sointerestinga;everyone

D．sointeresteda;everyone7.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith______.A.everything

B.anythingC.something

D.nothing8.—Theexamwasdifficult,wasn'tit?

—No，butIdon'tthink______couldpassit.A.somebody

B.anybody

C.nobody

D.everybody3.用法(1)復(fù)合不定代詞做主語時(shí)，用作單數(shù)。如：Everyoneishere.每個(gè)人都在這(2)形容詞或else與復(fù)合不定代詞連用時(shí),形容詞或else后置。如：Doyouwantanythingelse?你還想要其他的東西嗎?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告訴你。隨堂練習(xí)1.Hewilldecidetodo________toimprovehisEnglish.A．somethinguseful

B．a(chǎn)nythinguseful

C．usefuleverything2.—Isthere________intoday’snewspaper?—No,nothingseemsinteresting.A．interestingsomething

B．a(chǎn)nythinginterestingC．interestinganything

D．somethinginteresting3.—HowdidyoulikeyourhostfamilyinSydney?—Theywereveryfriendly.Theytriedtocook___formewhenIlivedthere.A．differentanything

B．differentsomethingC．somethingdifferent

D．a(chǎn)nythingdifferent4.Maryisinhospitalnow,but________canstopherlearningherlessons.A．a(chǎn)nything

B．nothing

C．something5.Everybodyhas______aboutthem.Sometimestheyjustdonotknowwhatitis.A.nothinggreatB.greatanythingC.somethinggreatD.greatsomething6.—Mom,canIhavesomething_________?—Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis_________inthekitchen.A．todrink.;nothingelse

B．drinking;somethingelse.C．toeat;somethingelse

D．eating;nothingelse7.There’s______withhiseyes.He’sOK.A.anythingwrong

B.wrongsomethingC.nothingwrong

D.wrongnothing8.Everything______ready.Wecanstartnow.A.are

B.

is

C.be

D.were4.復(fù)合不定代詞的所有格(1)含-one和-body等指人的復(fù)合代詞可有’s的所有格形式。如：Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.大家的事情沒人管。Isthisanybody’sseat?這兒有人坐嗎？(2)除與-thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞外，都有所有格形式；當(dāng)其后有else時(shí)，’s要加在else后面。如：Grammarisn’teverybody’sideaoffun.語法不是每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為興趣的。Thatmustbesomebodyelse’scoat.Itisn’tmine.那一定是別人的外衣，不是我的。隨堂練習(xí)：1.他拿走了別人的錢包.2.任何人的手機(jī)都應(yīng)該放在這個(gè)盒子里.注意事項(xiàng)：①含-body和-one的復(fù)合代詞只用來指人，含-body的復(fù)合不定代詞與含-one的復(fù)合不定代詞在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。只是用-body時(shí)顯得較通俗些，多用于口語中，用-one時(shí)顯得較文雅些，更常見于正式場(chǎng)合及書面語中。如：Someone/Somebodyiscryinginthenextroom.有人在隔壁房間哭。Noone/Nobodyisstupid.沒有誰是愚蠢的。②含-thing的復(fù)合不定代詞只用來指事物。如：Areyougoingtobuyanything?你會(huì)去買東西嗎？Icanhearnothingbutyourvoice.我只聽到了你的聲音。③“notevery–”表示的是部分否定，意為“并非都，不都”。如：Noteverythingwillgowell.并非所有事情都會(huì)進(jìn)展順利。④“notany–”和no–均表示全否定.如：Helistened,butheardnothing.=Helistened,butdidn’thearanything.他聽著，但什么也沒聽到。⑤當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ittle,few,seldom,hardly,never,without等半否定意義的副詞、形容詞、介詞或如too…to等具有否定意義的其它結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),通常用any系列詞項(xiàng)：如：Iseldomeatanythingintheevening,becauseIhavetowatchmyweight.練習(xí)：一.單項(xiàng)選擇1．Mum,Idon’thave_________toplaywith.CanIhaveapet?A．somebody

B．a(chǎn)nybody

C．everybody

D．nobody2．—WhohelpedBettytakeoutthetrashjustnow?—________.Shetookitoutallbyherself.A．Somebody

B．Nobody

C．Everybody

D．Anybody3．—Didyougo________lastsummerholiday?—Yes.IwenttoShanghaiDisney.A．somewherespecial

B．a(chǎn)nywherespecial

C．specialsomewhere

D．specialanywhere4．Kevinishonest,andnevertellsalieto________,whetherinthelifeorwork.A．a(chǎn)nybody

B．somebody

C．everybody

D．nobody5．—Tonycan’tfindhisdictionary.—Maybe________

tookitawaybymistake.A．someone

B．a(chǎn)nyone

C．everyone

D．nobody6.Hewastoosadtosay________whenheheardthebadnews.A．something

B．a(chǎn)nything

C．everything

D．nothing7．Ienjoyplayingbadminton.WhenI’mrunningwithabatinmyhand,Idon’tworryabout________.A．something

B．a(chǎn)nything

C．everything

D．nothing8．—Linda,whodidyougoonvacationwith?—________wasfree,soIwentalone.A．Everybody

B．Anybody

C．Nobody

D．Somebody9．—Is________here?—Yes.Weareallready.A．somebody

B．neither

C．everybody

D．none10．—Didyoudo_________funonyourvacation,Tara?

—Yes,Idid.IwenttoSanya.A．everything

B．a(chǎn)nything

C．nothing11．—Whyareyoulaughing,Daniel?—Thereis________funnyinthenewspaper.Comeandsee.A．a(chǎn)nything

B．something

C．everything

D．nothing12．Idon’tlikehisspeechbecauseIcan’tfind________init.A．somethingbor