2023年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題（第1套）

2023年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題(第1套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththeportanceforstudentstomasteranacademicsubject.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words(notincludingthesentencegiven).PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithelinethroughthecentreQuestionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.AItisclearthatheisexpectedtoenjoyahealthylife.B)Thereisnothingwrongwithhisdigestivesystem.C)Thereissomeindicationofanissuewithhisbloodcirculation.D)Hedoesn’tknowhehaslongbeensufferingfrompoorhealth.2.A)Mistakingsymptomsofillnessforstress.B)Complainingtheyarebeingoverworked.C)Beingunawareofthestresstheyareunder.D)Sufferingfromillnesswithoutrecognisingit.3.A)Prescribesomemedicationforhim.B)Givehimanotherphysicalcheck-up.C)Explaintohimthecommonconsequenceofstress.D)Buysomesleepingpillsforhimfromthedrugstore.4.A)Itcallsforresponsiblemanagement.B)Itprovestobequiteprofitable.C)Itisremarkablypromising.D)Itisfullofcompetition.Questionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Toavoidbeinginthelimelight.B)Toseekmedicalhelpforhisinjury.C)Topursuealesscompetitivecareer.D)Tostayawayfromhishostileteammates.6.A)Ithasupsanddowns.B)Itprovesrewarding.C)Itdoesnotlastlong.D)Itisnotsoprofitable.7.A)Hewasafinancialadvisor.B)Hesufferedfrompoorhealth.C)Hebecameabasketballcoach.D)Hewasbackinthenews.8.A)Studyissuesofpublichealth.B)Alleviatetheobesityproblem.C)Raisesufficientpublicfunding.D)Trainyoungbasketballplayers.BDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.stoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard9.A)WhenshestartedteachingatEdinburghUniversityinScotland.B)WhileshewasdoingherdoctoralstudiesonAmericanLiterature.C)AfterpublishingherfirstnovelBehindtheScenesattheMuseum.D)Afterwinningthe1986Woman’sOwnShortStoryCompetition.AThethemesofloveandloss.B)Thecodeofhumanbehaviour.C)Thesinsandflawsofeccentrics.D)Themannersoffashionablecircles.ATheyareusuallyignorantofcomplexhumanrelations.B)Theysuccessfullyimitatethemannersofcelebrities.C)Theyoftengetrewardedinsteadofbeingpunished.D)Theyaregenerallylookeddownuponinsociety.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.AItiswhatmembersusetoalleviatetensioninateam.B)Itiswhatemployersareincreasinglyseekingafter.C)Itisconducivetogettingoverarecession.D)Itisnecessaryforlearninganewtask.MakebetterchoicesB)Followinnovativeideas.C)Achieverecognitionduly.D)Accumulateworkexperience.WorkersshowmoreemotionalintelligenceB)Workersusebrainsmorethanmuscles.C)Peopleusuallyworkflexiblehours.D)Peopleoftenworkinteams.ALeavethegroupassoonaspossible.B)Anticipatesetbackswellinadvance.C)Decideonnewprioritiesspeedily.D)Sticktooriginalgoalsconfidently.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionstoarebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.AWhatdifferentiatespeoplefromanimalsB)Whyphilosophersdisagreewithscientists.C)Wherehumans’greatcognitivecapacityoriginates.D)Whenbeingcreativebecomesabiologicalmandate.AItiswhattellsaparttwoadjacentgenerations.B)Itiswhatsharpensourappetitefornovelty.C)Itissomethingonlygeniusescanachieve.D)Itissomethingeveryhumanbeingcando.AItseeksinspirationfornovelinventions.B)Itconstantlyabsorbsnewinformation.C)Itusesexistingideastocreatenewones.D)Itrepeatsprecedentonaregularbasis.Questionstoarebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.ADogsknowwhentheirownersarenotfeelingwell.B)Dogshavethecognitionfortellingrightfromwrong.C)Dogshaveanaptitudefordevelopingskillstointeractwithhumans.D)Dogsknowwhentheirhumancompanionscannolongerstandthem.20.A)Theycanreadilydetectdifferentillsmellsofviruses.B)Theycaneasilytellwhatbacteriacauseodorchange.C)Theyareparticularlysensitivetostrangesmells.D)Theyhaveanextremelypowerfulsenseofsmell.2l.A)Itcanensureownerssufferfewerchronicdiseases.B)Itcanbenefitownersbothphysicallyandmentally.C)Itcanreduceowners’riskofgettingcancerordiabetes.D)Itcanalertownerstotheseriousnessoftheirconditions.Questionstoarebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Crackdownoncourseslikescience,technology,engineeringandmath.B)Restricttheabilityofcreativeartscoursestorecruitnewstudents.C)Lookathowtoreformtechnicalandvocationaleducation.D)Ensurecreativeartsstudentsgetbettervalueformoney.23.A)Seeminglyreasonable.B)Clearlywell-grounded.C)Extremelyirrational.D)Apparentlysimplistic.24.A)Ahighproportionofthemhaven’ttriedtosavemoney.B)Mostofthemneverhopetobuyahouseortoretire.C)Fortypercentofthemearnlessthan￡25,000ayear.D)Themajorityofthemhavefairlywell-payingjobs.25.A)Thecontextofabankbalance.B)Britain’seconomyasawhole.C)Thespecificdegreeastudentearns.D)Britain’sdefectiveeducationalsystem.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.ReadndingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetwithasingleanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonceThedesertisdeceiving.Atfirstglanceitlookslifeless,barren,andbone-dry.FormostpassersbyhummingthroughtheMojaveontheirwaytotrytheirluckinLasVegasorheadingtowardstheGrandCanyon,it’sjusta26stretchoflandwithsomemountainsinthedistanceandmore27tobeasettingforamoviethattakesplaceonMars.Thedesert,however,is28withlife,mystery,andmagic.ainayearandlikemostdesertsisalandof29.Temperaturefluctuationsvaryfromfreezingto30hot,notonlybetweenseasons,butevenwithinthesameday.managingandworkingtherewearthewide-brimmed(寬邊的)hatsthathavebecome31withplaceslikeYosemite.Thepreserveisrichwithhistory,culture,biodiversity,andendlessopportunitiesto32yourinterest,especiallyforanyonewholovestheoutdoors.Foraphotographer,itrequirespatienceand33afewsparetirestomaneuverthenetworkofunpaved“roads”,buttherewardsareplenty.irofshoesandalotofpreparationPlentyofwater,sparetires,andafulltankofgasareneededtoexplorethisunitofthenationalparksystem,whichisthethirdlargestinthecountry.rdedastheyoftenrevealtheirsecretsslowlyDuringmylastoutingIwassurprisedtoseehowmuchoftheareawasshapedbyancientvolcanoesandgeologicalforces,muchofwhichremainstoday,givingtheareaa35feelandpaintingacolorfulbackgroundforgreatphotographs.A)aptBburningemesflatractionsoverflowingitesrobablyinglyrinkleKsteerulatesturdysynonymousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.AfricancountriesmustgetsmarterwiththeiragricultureA)OnthehillsofcentralKenya,almostlime-greenwiththesparkleofteabushesintheisanissuethatwillaffecteveryoneontheplanet.ForAfricansitsconsequenceswillbeparticularlybitter:whereasotherregionswereabletogrowrichbyburningcoalandoil,genjoyedthebenefitsAfricaonlyegasemissionsbutitisthecontinentthatisexpectedtosufferthemostfromclimateimpacts,”saysMafaldaDuarte,whorunstheWorldBank’s$8bnClimateInvestmentFunds.B)Althoughtherearehugeuncertaintiesastothepreciseimpactsofclimatechange,enoughisknowntosaythatglobalwarmingrepresentsoneofthemainthreatstoAfrica’sincreasedbyabouttwicetheglobalrateoverthepast50years.Eveniftheworldweretocutemissionsenoughtokeepglobalwarmingbelow1.5℃,heat-waveswouldintensifyinAfricaanddiseaseswouldspreadtoareasnotcurrentlyaffected.Farmingwouldalsobehithard.About40%ofthelandnowusedtogrowmaize(玉米)wouldnolongerbesuitableforit.Overall,itisestimatedthatmaizeyieldswouldfallby18-22%.CAfricaisparticularlyvulnerableinpartbecauseitisalreadystrugglingtofeeditselfanditgrowingpopulation,evenwithoutclimatechange.TheUN’sFoodandAgricultureoveritslevelof2009tomeetdemandfromapopulationthatisgrowinginnumbersandappetite.MuchofthisnewdemandwillbeinAfrica.Yetthecontinentalreadyimportsabout$50bn-worthoffoodayearandthatfigureisexpectedtomorethandoubleovertheoremoneyimportingfoodthanitdoesbuyingcapitalgoodssuggestsithasroomforimprovement.D)Findingoutwhyisnothard.Mostfarmsaretiny,ploughedbyhandandreliantonrain.elandButinmanyplacesthereisnosparelandtofarmPlotsinRwandaaresosmallthatyoucouldfit250ofthemontotheaverageAmericanfarm.Andalthoughoutputperworkerhasimprovedbymorethanhalfoverthepast30yearsinAfrica,thatisstillfarbehindthe2.5timesimprovementinAsia.Yieldsofmaizearegenerallylessthantwotonnesperhectare,afifththelevelinAmerica.E)ThelowproductivityofAfricanfarmersisreflectedinnationaleconomicstatistics—despiteabsorbingsomuchlabour,farminggeneratesjust15%ofGDP.“Theycan’tevenfeedtheirfamilies,”saysJenniferBlanke,avice-presidentoftheAfricanDevelopmentreFarmproductivityhasntimprovedinmanypartsofAfricafor100years.”F)Onereasonisthatinthefirstfewdecadesofindependence,manyAfricangovernmentsneglectedfarmingastheyfocusedonindustrialisingtheireconomies.Othersdamageditbypushingdownthepricesthatstatemonopoliespaidfortheircropsinordertosubsidiseworkersincitieswithcheapfood.Ghanataxedcocoa(可可粉)exportssoheavilythatproductioncollapsedbyhalfbetweenthe1960sand1980s,despiteajumpintheglobalrthepasttwodecadesorsogovernmentsanddonorshavebeguntolookagainatfarmingasawayofprovidingjobsforthe13millionyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceeachyear.Muchofthefocushasbeenongettingsmallfarmerstousefertiliserand,moreimportant,betterseeds.Theresultscanbeimpressive.Improvedvarietiesofsorghum(高粱),forinstance,canproduceacropthatis40%largerthantheusualvariety.Infrastructureisimportant.AWorldBankirrigationprojectinEthiopiahelpedfarmersincreasetheirpotatoharvestfromabout8tonnesperhectareto35tonnes.G)Bettertechniqueshelp,too.SmallcoffeefarmersinKenyaareabletoincreasetheirincomesby40%byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesoncaringfortheirbushes,suchastrimmingallbutthreeoftheirstems.Manyoftheirneighboursdonotfollowtheadvice,becauseitseemscounter-intuitive.Morestemsoughttoleadtomorecoffeebeans,theysay.Yetafterseeingthosefollowingtheadvicegetbiggerharvestsforaseasonortwo,manyothersstartdoingthesame.H)Onewayofspreadingknowledgeistolinkfarmstobigbuyersoftheirharvests.WhenDiageo,aBritishdrinksgiant,builtabreweryinwesternKenya,itwantedtouselocalthillicithomebrewItorganisedfarmersintogroups,improvedsupplychainsforthemtogetseedsandfertiliserandthenagreedtobuytheirgrainItnowprovidesamarkettoabout17,000farmers.Acrosstheregionithasdoubleditsuseoflocalrawmaterialtoabout80%overfiveyears,saysJohnO’Keeffe,whorunsitsAfricabusiness.thatcanprofitablybringtechnologyandinvestmenttosmallfarmers.TaitaNgetich,adeHescrapedtogether20,000Kenyanshillings(about$200)toplanttomatoes.Everythingwentwrong.Thecropwasattackedbypests.“Thentherewasamassivefloodthatswallowedallourcapital,”hesays.Mr.Ngetichperseveredbylookingintobuyingagreenhousetoprotecthisplantsfrombugsandrain.Thecheapestonescostmorethan$2,500each,sohedesignedhisownforhalftheprice.Soonneighbouringfarmersstartedplacingorderswithhim,andnowhisfirm,IlluminumGreenhouses,hassoldmorethan1,400greenhousesthatprovidelivelihoodstoabout6,000people.Thebusinessdoesnoteedlingsandsmartsensorsthatincreaseyields.J)Illuminum’ssuccessshowshowtechnologycanhelpevensmallfarmsbecomemoreproductive.BecausesuchalargeshareofAfrica’spopulationearnsalivingfromagriculture,evensmallimprovementsinproductivitycanlifttheincomesofmillionsofpeople.Butoverthelongerrunsmall-scalefarmingcangoonlysofar,especiallyinthefaceofclimatechangeandpopulationpressure.K)“IfwereallywanttoliftpeopleoutofpovertywehavetofinanceprojectsthatwillgetsaysMr.Ngetich.“Projectsthatgivethemanextra$2amonthfromgrowingbeansormaizearen’tgoingtogetthemthere.”Gettingthosebigjumpswillneedbetterjobsinfactoriesandcities.36.ItissaidthatagriculturalproductivityinmanyAfricancountrieshasremainedlowforacentury.37.BuildingconnectionsbetweenfarmsandmajorpurchasersoftheirproducecanpromoteAfricanfarmers’useofadvancedfarmingtechniques.38.PartsofAfricaaregettingwarmermuchfasterthantheaverage,withsouthernAfricawitnessingroughlytwicetheglobalwarmingrateoverthelasthalfcentury.39.ImprovedfarmingpracticeshaveenabledKenyanfarmerstoincreasefarmproduceremarkably.40.Africaisespeciallysusceptibletotheeffectsofglobalwarmingpartlybecauseithasdifficultyfeedingitsincreasingpopulationevenwithoutclimatechange.41.TheuseoffertiliserandimprovedseedscanhelpAfrica’ssmallfarmersimpressivelyincreasecropyields.raditionalfarmingtosettingupbusinessesthatcanbringtechnologyandinvestmenttosmallfarmersinAfrica.43.Everyoneintheworldwillhavetobeartheconsequencesofclimatechange,especiallyAfricans.44.ImprovementinfarmoutputperworkerinAfricafallsfarshortofthatinAsia.45.Inthelongterm,thepotentialforsmallfarmsinAfricatoincreaseproductivityisquitelimited,especiallyowingtothewarmingclimateandagrowingpopulation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OneofthegreatsuccessesoftheRepublicanPartyinrecentdecadesistherelentlesspropagationofasimpleformulaforeconomicgrowth:taxcuts.Theformuladoesn’twork,butthathasnotaffecteditspopularity.Andwhilethecultoftaxcutshasattractedmanycritics,itlacksforobviousrivals.Democraticpoliticianshavetendedtocampaignonhelpingpeopleleftbehindbyeconomicgrowth.WhenDemocratsdotalkaboutencouragingeconomicgrowth,theyoftensoundlikeRepublicans.States.Thenationneedsabetterstoryaboutthedriversofeconomicgrowth.Thepainfullessonsofrecentdecadespointtoapromisingcandidate:higherwages.We’dallbebetteroffpayinglessattentiontoquarterlyupdatesonthegrowthofthenation’sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)andfocusinginsteadonthegrowthofworkers’paychecks.hereisthathigherwagescanfueltheengineofeconomicgrowth.PerhapsthemostfamousillustrationofthebenefitsisthestoryofHenryFord’sdecisionin1914topay$5adaytoworkersonhisModelTassemblylines.Hedidittoincreaseproduction—hewaspayingapremiumtomaintainareliableworkforce.TheunexpectedbenefitwasthatFord’sfactoryworkersbecameFordcustomers,too.llholdsConsumptiondrivestheAmericaneconomyandworkerswhoarepaidmorecanspendmore.Mainstreameconomistsinsistthatitisimpossibletoorderupasustainableincreaseinwagesbecausecompensationlevelsreflecttheunerringjudgmentofmarketforces.sThroughthatlens,effortstonegotiatehigherwageswerecounterproductive.Minimum-wageploymentbecausetherewasonlysomuchmoneyinthewagepoolandifsomepeoplegotmore,otherswouldgetnone.thisworldviewthatitbecamepopulartoarguethattaxcutswoulddriveprosperity.Richpeoplewouldinvest,productivitywouldincrease,wageswouldrise.Intherealworld,thingsaremorecomplicated.Wagesareinfluencedbyatugofwarbetweenemployersandworkers,andemployershavebeenwinning.OneclearpieceofProductivityhasmorethandoubled;wageshavelaggedfarbehind.ofthebeliefinthemagicalpoweroftaxcuts.Whydoestheformulaoftaxcutsremainpopularthoughineffective?A)Itscritics’voicehasnotbeenheardthroughoutthecountry.B)Thereseemtobenootheroptionsavailabletoreplaceit.C)Thecultoftaxcutshasbeenrelentlesslypropagatedbyallpolicymakers.D)Thereappearstobeamisunderstandingoftheformulaamongthepublic.WhatdoestheauthorthinkisamoreeffectivemeasurefordrivingeconomicgrowthintheU.S.?A)Aidingpeopleleftbehindbyeconomicgrowth.B)Prioritizingthegrowthofthenation’sGDP.C)Increasingthecompensationforlabor.D)Introducingevenmoreextensivetaxcuts.Whatisthelogicunderlyingtheauthor’sviewpoint?A)Thegrowthofworkers’paychecksultimatelybooststhenation’seconomy.B)Payingapremiumtomaintainareliableworkforceattractsmorecustomers.C)Consumptionstimulatesthedesireforhigherwages.D)Familiarargumentsforhigherwagesareoutdated.Whatisthebasisforhigherwagesaccordingtotheconventionalwisdom?A)Fairnessindistribution.C)Thepriorityofeconomicpolicymakers.B)Increaseinproductivity.D)Theunerringjudgmentofmarketforces.WhatdowelearnaboutthingsintherealworldinAmericaforthepast50yearsorso?A)Peoplehavefailedtoseeacorrespondingincreaseinwagesandinproductivity.B)Peoplehavebeendisheartenedbythewideninggapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.C)PeoplehavewitnessedatugofwarbetweenRepublicansandDemocratsovertaxcuts.D)Peoplehaveseenthelinkdisappearingbetweenproductivityandworkers’well-being.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ectingthecareersofotherdoeverythingtheycantoestablishadiverseeditorialboard,reflectingavarietyofvoices,experiences,andidentities.UnfortunatelyanewstudyinNatureNeurosciencemakesfordishearteningreading.TheteamfindsthatthemajorityofeditorsintoppsychologyandneurosciencejournalsaremaleandbasedintheUnitedStates:asituationthatmaybeamplifyingexistinggenderinequalitiesinthefieldandinfluencingthekindofresearchthatgetspublished.Menwerefoundtoaccountfor60%oftheeditorsofpsychologyjournals.Thereweresignificantlymoremalethanfemaleeditorsateachlevelofseniority,andmenmadeupthemajorityofeditorsinoverthreequartersofthejournals.Crucially,theproportionoffemaleeditorswassignificantlylowerthantheoverallproportionofwomenpsychologyresearchers.ofeditorsweremaleandmenheldthemajorityofeditorialpositionsin88%ofjournals.Inthiscase,theproportioninneuroscience—afindingthatrevealsenduringgenderdisparitiesinthefieldmorebroadly.Basedontheirresults,theteamconcludesthat“theideas,valuesanddecision-makingbiasesofmenareoverrepresentedintheeditorialpositionsofthemostrecognizedacademicjournalsinpsychologyandneuroscience.”Genderinequalityinscienceisoftenattributedtothefactthatsenioracademicsaremorelikelytobemale,becausehistoricallysciencewasmale-dominated:it’sarguedthatastimegoesonandmorewomenrisetoseniorroles,thefieldwillbecomemoreequal.Yetthisstudyshowedthateventhejuniorrolesinpsychologyjournalstendedtobehelddisproportionatelyreasonsthatwomenaredisadvantagedinscience.Womenreceivelowersalariesandfaceltinfewerpublicationsandgrantsthetheinequalityofeditorialboardsontradition,weshouldbeactivelybreakingdowntheseexistingbarriers.Alackofdiversityamongjournaleditorsalsolikelycontributestopsychology’sWEIRDhighervalueonpapersthatarerelevanttoWestern,malepopulations,whetherconsciouslyornot.51.WhatwouldweexpectaneditorialboardofanacademicjournaltoexhibitinviewofitsrtantresponsibilitiesA)Insight.B)Expertise.C)Integrity.D)Diversity.WhatdowelearnfromthefindingsofanewstudyinNatureNeuroscience?A)Themajorityoftoppsychologyandneurosciencejournalsreflectavarietyofvoices,experiencesandidentities.B)Theeditorialboardsofmostpsychologyandneurosciencejournalsdoinfluencethedirectiontheirfieldtakes.male-dominated.D)Themajorityofeditorsintoppsychologyandneurosciencejournalshaverelevantbackgrounds.53.Whatfactdoestheauthorhighlightconcerningthegenderdifferencesineditorsofpsychologyjournals?shedthemselvesasinfluentialpsychologyresearchers.B)Thenumberoffemaleeditorswassimplydisproportionatetothatofwomenengagedinpsychologyresearch.C)Theproportionoffemaleeditorswasincreasinglyloweratseniorlevels.D)Therewerefewfemaleeditorswhocouldmoveuptoseniorpositions.54.Whatcanweinferfromtheconclusiondrawnbytheteamofthenewstudyonthebasisoftheirfindings?A)Women’sviewsareunderrepresentedintheeditorialboardsoftoppsychologyandneurosciencejournals.B)Maleeditorsoftoppsychologyandneurosciencejournalstendtobebiasedagainsttheirfemalecolleagues.C)Maleresearchershaveenoughrepre