Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringusefulstructures定語從句學(xué)案高中英語人教版

定語從句定義在主句中，充當(dāng)定語成分、修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)先行詞+由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句Iknowamanwho/thatisateacher.Ihaveanapplewhich/thatisred.Iknowthemanwho/whom/thatyoutalkedwith.Thisisthepenwhich/thatheboughtyesterday.Sheisaclevergirlwhosemotherisateacher.IwillneverforgetthetimewhenIvisitedXiAn.Thehotelwherewestayedwasclean.That’sthereasonwhysometimesIfeeldown.分類限制性定語從句：作定語，修飾先行詞。非限制性定語從句：作定語，修飾先行詞或前面整個(gè)主句。（主句和從句之間有逗號(hào)）Iknowaman,whoisateacher.Ihaveanapple,whichisred.Iknowtheman,who/whomyoutalkedwith.Thisisthepen,whichheboughtyesterday.對(duì)比前面的例句，你發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？對(duì)比前面的例句，你發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？———————————————————————關(guān)系詞的作用引導(dǎo)出從句代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞where,when,why關(guān)系代詞指代在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋镏髡Z賓語定語that√√√√which√√√who√√√whom√√whose修飾人或物√注意：關(guān)系代詞做主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語時(shí)可省略。that不能在介詞之后關(guān)系副詞先行詞在定從中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞窒喈?dāng)于where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語介詞+whichwhen時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語介詞+whichwhy原因原因狀語for+which介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom引導(dǎo)定語從句IwillneverforgetthefarmonwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.2.Thescientistaboutwhomwearetalkinghasgoneabroad.關(guān)系詞的選擇特殊情況（thatorwhich?）只用that不用which的情況代先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞all，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none，some等修飾時(shí)Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?Ihavesomebooksthatareworthreading.特先行詞被thevery，theonly，theright，thelast等修飾時(shí)ThisistheonlybusthatI’mwaitingfor.高先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.序先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)ThistrainisthefirstthatwillgotoSuzhou.有主句是therebe句型且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語時(shí)Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.雙當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Doyouknowthepersonsandthingsthattheyaretalkingabout?疑當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)Whichisthebikethatyoulost?只用which不用that的情況在非限制性定語從句中Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedme.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which，不用thatThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，只用which，不用thatWhat’sthatwhichflashedthroughtheskyjustnow?只用who而不用that的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等,指人時(shí)；2.當(dāng)先行詞是人稱代詞he(him),she(her),they(them)或anyone,nobody等指人的不定代詞時(shí)；3.當(dāng)指人的先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)；4.當(dāng)指人的先行詞和定語從句被其他成分分隔時(shí)。八、定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。注意：“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharles.這是查爾斯所寫的書的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我們班男生中唯一一個(gè)學(xué)過法語的。

專題精練Theteamtreatedmorethan3000people_________wereinjuredinthe2006earthquakeinIndonesia.TheBoysandGirlsClub_________hestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.Themostpowerfulearthquakecausedatsunami_________crashedintocoastlinesacrossAsia.Theinjuredboy_________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_________waspletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.Nooneinmoderntimesknewaboutthetombortheterracottastatuesuntil1974,_________somefarmersdiscovererthetomb.Thereisthereason_________thephrasehasbeenaddedtothedictionary..TheShangDynastywasatime_________peopleweredividedgeographically.Adoctorwith_________Jamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from__________studentscanchooseforfree.WealllikeourEnglishteacher,from__________wehavelearnedalot.Recently,Iboughtanancientvase,thepriceof__________wasveryreasonable.(2023全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace_________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,(2022全國甲卷)Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.(2020天津卷)Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresigned(辭職)twoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.(2019全國Ⅱ卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlate(已故的)husbandLes.(2019全國Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters____________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019江蘇)Wehaveenteredintoanage____________dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.(2019·北京卷語法填空)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.(2018年北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.(2017全國Ⅲ卷)ButSarah,________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2016全國Ⅰ卷)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVsho