英語詞匯學試題

英語詞匯學試題

IntroductionandChapter1

BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary（練習1）

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethe

onethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.

1.Morphologyisthebranchofgrammarwhichstudiesthestructureorformsof

words,primarilythroughtheuseofconstruct.

A.wordB.formC.morphemeD.root

2.istraditionallyusedforthestudyoftheoriginsandhistoryoftheform

andmeaningofwords.

A.SemanticsB.LinguisticsC.EtymologyD.Stylistics

3.ModemEnglishisderivedfromthelanguageofearlytribes.

A.GreekB.RomanC.ItalianD.Germanic

4.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaningofdifferentlevels:lexis,syntax,

utterance,discourse,etc.

A.linguisticB.grammaticalC.arbitraryD.semantic

5.Stylisticsisthestudyofstyle.Itisconcernedwiththeuser'schoicesoflinguistic

elementsinaparticularforspecialeffects

A.situationB.contextC.timeD.place

6.Lexicographyshareswithlexicologythesameproblems:theform,meaning,

originsandusagesofwords,buttheyhaveadifference.

A.spellingB.semanticC.pronunciationD.pragmatic

7.Terminologyconsistsoftermsusedinparticulardisciplinesand

academicareas.

A.technicalB.artisticC.differentD.academic

8.referstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersof

particulararts,sciences,trades,andprofessionscommunicateamongthemselves.

A.SlangB.JargonC.DialectalwordsD.Argot

9.belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemstostand

betweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryone

andin-groupwords.

A.JargonB.ArgotC.DialectalwordsD.Slang

10.Argotgenerallyreferstothejargonof.Itsuseisconfinedtothe

sub-culturalgroupsandoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit.

A.workersB.criminalsC.anypersonD.policeman

11.arewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion.

A.ArgotB.SlangC.JargonD.Dialectalwords

12.Archaismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceinusebutarenow

restrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.

A.commonB.littleC.slightD.great

13.Neologismsarenewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetaken

onmeanings.

A.newB.oldC.badD.good

14.Contentwordsdenoteclearnotionsandthusareknownaswords.

Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.

A.functionalB.notionalC.emptyD.formal

15.Functionalwordsdonothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealso

calledwords.Prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliariesandarticlesbelong

tothiscategory.

A.contentB.notionalC.emptyD.new

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccording

tothecoursebook.

16.Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandof

words.

17.Englishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthestructuresof

Englishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemantics,relations,development,

formationand.

18.Englishlexicologyembracesotheracademicdisciplines,suchasmorphology,

,etymology,stylistics,.

19.Therearegenerallytwoapproachestothestudyofwords,namelysynchronic

and.

20.Languagestudyinvolvesthestudyofspeechsounds,grammarand.

III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnB

accordingto1)basicwordstockandnonbasicvocabulary2)contentwordsand

functionalwords3)nativewordsandborrowedwords4)characteristicsofthebasic

wordstock.

AB

21.Stability()A.E-mail

22.Collocbility()B.aught

23.Jargon()C.por

24.Argot()D.upon

25.Notionalwords()E.hypo

26.Neologisms()F.atheart

27.Aliens()Gman

28.Semantic-loans()H.dip

29.Archaisms()I.fresh

30.Emptywords()J.emir

IV.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)characteristicsofthe

basicwordstock2)typesofnonbasicvocabulary.

31.dogcheap()32achangeofheart()

33.can-opener()34.Roger()

35.bottomline()36.penicillin()

37.auld()38.futurology()

39.brethren()40.take()

V.Definethefollowingterms.

41.word42.Denizens43.Aliens44.Translation-loans45

Semantic-loans

VI.AnswerthefollowingQuestions

46.111ustratetherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning,soundandformwith

examples.

47.Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofthebasicword-stock?Illustrateyourpoints

withexamples.

48.Givethetypesofnonbasicvocabularywithexamples.

VILAnalyzeandcommentonthefollowing.

49.Classifythefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofwordsaccordingto

notion.

earth,cloud,run,walk,on,of,upon,be,frequently,the,five,but,a,

never.

50.GroupthefollowingborrowedwordsintoDenizens,Aliens,Translation-loans,

Semantic-loans.

Dream,pioneer,kowtow,bazaar,lama,master-piece,port,shirt

KeytoExercises:

I.1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C

II.16.meanings17.morphological,historical,usages18.semantics,

lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabulary

III.21.G22.F23.E24.H25.C26.A27.J28.I29.B30.D

IV.31.thebasicwordstock;productivity

32.thebasicwordstock;collocability

33.thebasicwordstock;argot

34.nonbasicwordstock;slang

35.nonbasicwordstock;jargon

36.nonbasicwordstockterminology

37.nonbasicwordstock;dialectalwords

38.nonbasicwordstock,neologisms

39.nonbasicwordstock;archaisms

40.thebasicwordstock;polysemy

V-——VI.(seethecoursebook)

VIL49.Contentwords:earth,clould,run,walk,frequently,never,five

Functionalwords:on,of,upon,be,the,but,a.

50.Denizens:port,shirt,

Aliens:bazaar,kowtow

Translation-loans:lama,masterpiece

Semantic-loans:dream,pioneer

Chapter2TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyandChapter3Word

Formation1(練習2)

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethe

onethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.

1.Itisassumedthattheworldhasapproximately3,000(someputit

5,000)languages,whichcanbegroupedintothebasisofsimilaritiesintheir

basicwordstockandgrammar.

A.500B.4000C.300D.2000

2.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobeahighly

language.

A.inflectedB.derivedC.developedD.analyzed

3.Afterthe,theGermanictribescalledAngles,Saxons,andJutes

cameingreatnumbers.

A.GreeksB.IndiansC.RomansD.French

4.TheintroductionofhadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.

A.HinduismB.ChristianityC.BuddhismD.Islamism

5.Inthe9lhcenturythelandwasinvadedagainbyNorwegianandDanishVikings.

Withtheinvaders,manywordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.

A.GreekB.RomanC.CelticD.

Scandinavian

6.ItisestimatedthatatleastwordsofScandinavianoriginhavesurvived

inmodernEnglish.

A.500B.800C.1000.D.900

7.TheNormansinvadedEnglandfromFrancein1066.TheNormanConquest

startedacontinualflowofwordsintoEnglish.

A.FrenchB.GreekC.RomanD.Latin

8.Bytheendofthecentury,Englishgraduallycamebackintothe

schools,thelawcourts,andgovernmentandregainedsocialstatus.

A.12thB.13thC.14th0.15th

9.Asaresult,CelticmadeonlyacontributiontotheEnglish

vocabulary.

A.smallB.bigC.greatD.smaller

10.TheBalto-SlaviccomprisessuchmodernlanguagesasPrussian,Lithuanian,

Polish,Czech,Bulgarian,Slovenianand.

A.GreekB.RomanC.IndianD.Russian

1l.IntheIndo-IranianwehavePersian,Bengali,Hindi,Romany,thelastthreeof

whicharederivedfromthedeadlanguage.

A.SanskritB.LatinC.RomanD.Greek

12.Greekisthemodernlanguagederivedfrom.

A.LatinB.HellenicC.IndianD.Germanic

13.ThefiveRoamancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,

RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalled

A.SanskritB.LatinC.CelticD.Anglo-Saxon

14.ThefamilyconsistsofthefourNorthernEuropeanLanguages:

Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedish,whicharegenerallyknownas

Scandinavianlanguages.

A.GermanicB.Indo-EuropeanC.AlbanianD.Hellenic

15.Bytheendofthecentury,virtuallyallofthepeoplewhoheldpolitical

orsocialpowerandmanyofthoseinpowerfulChurchpositionswereof

NormanFrenchorigin.

A.10thB.llthC.12thD.13th

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccording

tothecoursebook.

16.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-Saxonas.

17..IfwesaythatOldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglishwas

oneof.

18.ItcanbeconcludedthatEnglishhasevokedfromasyntheticlanguage(Old

English)tothepresentlanguage.

19.Thesurvivinglanguagesaccordinglyfallintoeightprincipalgroups,whichcan

begroupedintoanEasternset:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,Armenianand

Albanian;aWesternset:Celtic,Italic,Hellenic,.

20.ItisnecessarytosubdivideModernEnglishintoEarly(1500-1700)and

ModemEnglish.

III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnB

accordingto1)originofthewords2)historyoffEnglishdevelopment3)

languagefamily.

AB

21.Celtic()A.politics

22.religious()B.moon

23.Scandinavian()C.Persian

24.French()D.London

25.OldEnglish()E.abbot

26.Dutch()F.skirt

27.MiddleEnglish()Gsunu

28.ModemEnglish()H.lemen

29.Germanicfamily()I.freight

30.Sanskrit()J.Norwegian

IV.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentifytypesofmorphemes

underlined.

31.earth()32.contradict()

33.predictor()34.radios()

35.prewar()36.happiest()

37.antecedent()38.northward()

38.sun()40.diction()

V.Definethefollowingterms.

41.freemorphemes42.boundmorphemes43.root44.stem

45.affixes

VI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.

46.DescribethecharacteristicsofOldEnglish.

47.DescribethecharacteristicsofMiddleEnglish.

48.DescribethecharacteristicsofModemEnglish.

VII.Answerthefollowingquestionswithexamples.

49.Whatarethethreemainsourcesofnewwords?

50.HowdoesthemodemEnglishvocabularydevelop?

Keytoexercises:

l.C2.A3.C4.B5.D6.D7.A8.B9.A10.Dll.A12.B

13.B14.A15.B

II.16.OldEnglish17.Leveledendings18.analytic19.Germanic

20.Late(1700-uptothepresent)

III.21.D22.E23.F24.A25.G26.127.H28.B29.J30.C

IV.31.freemorpheme/freeroot32.boundroot33.suffix34.

inflectionalaffix

35.prefix36.Inflectionalaffix37.prefix38.suffix39.free

morpheme/freeroot

40.boundroot

V.-VI(Seethecoursebook)

VII.49.Thethreemainsourcesofnewwordsare:

(1)Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,e.g.astrobiology,

greenrevolution;

(2)Social,economicandpoliticalchanges;e.g.Watergate,soymilk;

(3)Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguage;e.g.felafel,NehruJackets.

50.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:(1)creation,e.g.

consideration,

carefulness;(2)semanticchange,e.g.Polysemy,homonymy;(3)borrowing;e.g.

tofu,gongful.

Chapter3TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyandChapter4Word

FormationII(練習3)

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choose

theonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.

1.Theprefixesinthewordsofirresistible,nonclassicalandapoliticalarecalled

A.reversativeprefixesB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locative

prefixes

2.Theprefixescontainedinthefollowingwordsarecalled:pseudo-friend,

ma/practice,mistrust.

A.reversativeprefixedB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.

locativeprefixes

3.Theprefixedcontainedinwnwrap,Je-composeand由salloware.

A.reversativeprefixedB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.

locativeprefixes

4.Theprefixesinwordsexrra-strong,overweightandarc/?bishopare.

A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.

locativeprefixes

5.Theprefixesinwordsbilingual,uniformandhemisphereare.

A.numberprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.

locativeprefixes

6.arecontainedinwords療a/is-world,intra-partyandforehead.

A.PrefixesoforientationandattitudeB.Prefixesoftimeandorder

C.LocativeprefixesD.Prefixesofdegreeorsize

7.Rugby,afghanandchampagnearewordscomingfrom.

A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames

8.Omega,Xeroxandorlonarewordsfrom.

A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames

9.Ex-student,foretellandposbelectioncontain.

A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsize

C.prefixesoftimeandorderD.locativeprefixes

10.Mackintosh,bloomersandcherubarefrom

A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames

11.Theprefixesinwordswew-Nazi,autobiographyandpa〃-Europeanare

A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsize

C.prefixesoftimeandorderD.miscellaneousprefixes

12.Theprefixesinwordsan/z-government,prostudentandcontrafloware

A.prefixesofdegreeorsizeB.prefixesoforientationandattitude

C.prefixesoftimeandorderD.miscellaneousprefixes

\?).Utopia,odysseyandBabbitarewordsfrom.

A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames

14.Thesuffixesinwordsclockwise,homewardsare.

A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes

15.Thesuffixesinwordsheighten,symbolizeare.

A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccording

tothecoursebook.

16.Affixationisgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyadding

word-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.

17.Compounding,alsocalled,istheformationofnewwordsbyjoining

twoormorestems.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalled.

18.istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclassto

anotherclass.

19.istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowords

orawordplusapartofanotherword.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalled

blendsorwords.

20Acommonwayofmakingawordistoshortenalongerwordbycuttingapart

offtheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead.Thisiscalled.

III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnB

accordingtotypesofsuffixation.

AB

21.Concretedenominalnounsuffixes)A.priceless

22.Abstractdenominalnounsuffixes)B.downward

23.Deverbalnounsuffixes(denotingpeople.)()C.engineer

24.Deverbalnounssuffixes(denotingaction,etc)()D.darken

25.De-adjectivenounsuffixes()Eviolinist

26.Nounandadjectivesuffixes()F.happiness

27.Denominaladjectivesuffixes()Garguable

28.Deverbaladjectivesuffixes()H.dependent

29.Adverbsuffixes()I.adulthood

30.Verbsuffixes()J.survival

IV.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)typesof

clipping2)typesofacronymyandwritethefullterms.

31.quake()32.stereo()33.flu()34.pub()35.

c/o()

36.V-day()37.TB()38.disco()39.copter()40.

perm()

V.Definethefollowingterms.

41.acronymy42.back-formation43.initialisms44.prefixation

45.suffixation

VI.Answerthefollowingquestionswithexamples.

46.Whatarethecharacteristicsofcompounds?

47.Whatarethemaintypesofblendings?

48.Whatarethemaintypesofcompounds?

VILAnalyzeandcommentonthefollowing:

49.Usethefollowingexamplestoexplainthetypesofback-formation.

(1)donate——donationemote——emotion

(2)loaf-loaferbeg------beggar

(3)eavesdrop—eavesdroppingbabysit---babysitter

(4)drowse—drowsylaze—lazy

50.Readthefollowingsentenceandidentifythetypesofconversionofthe

italicizedwords.

(1)Pmverygratefulforyourhelp.(2)Therichmusthelpthepoor.

(3)Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.(4)Theyarebetterhousedand

clothed.

(5)Thephotographyellowedwithage.(6)Wedownedafewbeers.

Keytoexercises:

1.B2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.C10.Cll.D12.B13.A

14.C15.B

II.16.derivation17.composition,compounds18.Conversion19.

Blending(pormanteau)2O.clipping

III.21.C22.123.H24.J25.F26.E27.A28.G29.B30.D

IV.31.Frontclipping,earthquake

32.Backclipping,stereophonic

33.Frontandbackclipping,influenza

34.Phraseclipping,publichouse

35.Initialisms,careof

36.Acronyms,VictoryDay

37.Initialisms,tuberculosis

38.Backclipping,discotheque

39.Frontclipping,helicopter

40.Phraseclipping,permanentwaves

V-VI.(Seethecoursebook)

VII.49.Therearemainlyfourtypesofback-formation.

(l)Fromabstractnouns(2)Fromhumannouns(3)Fromcompoundnounsand

others

(4)Fromadjectives

50.(l)Verbtonoun(2)Adjectivetonoun(3)Miscellaneousconversionto

noun

(4)Nountoverb(5)Adjective(6)Miscellaneousconversiontoverb

Chapter5WordMeaning(練習4)

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethe

onethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.

1.Awordisthecombinationofformand.

A.spellingB.writingC.meaningD.denoting

2.istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthe

humanmind.

A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Context

3.Sensedenotestherelationshipsthelanguage.

A.outsideB.withC.beyondD.inside

4.MostEnglishwordscanbesaidtobe.

A.non-motivatedB.motivatedC.connectedD.related

5.Trumpeta(n)motivatedword.

A.morphologicallyB.semanticallyC.onomatopoeicallyD.

etymologically

6.Hopelessisamotivatedword.

A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semanticallyD.

etymologically

7.Inthesentence'Heisfondofpen',penisamotivatedword.

A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semanticallyD.

etymologically

8.Walkmanisamotivatedword.

A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.

etymologically

9.Functionalwordspossessstrongwhereascontentwordshaveboth

meanings,andlexicalmeaninginparticular.

A.grammaticalmeaningB.conceptualmeaning

C.associativemeaningD.arbitrarymeaning

10.isunstable,varyingconsiderablyaccordingtoculture,historicalperiod,

andtheexperienceoftheindividual.

A.StylisticmeaningB.ConnotativemeaningC.CollocativemeaningD.

Affectivemeaning

11.Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker'stowardsthepersonorthing

inquestion.

A.feeling.B.likingC.attitudeD.

understanding

12.areaffectivewordsastheyareexpressionsofemotionssuchasoh,

clearme,alas.

A.PrepositionsB.InteijectionsC.ExclamationsD.

Explanations

13.Itisnoticeablethatoverlapswithstylisticandaffectivemeanings

becauseinasensebothstylisticandaffectivemeaningsarerevealedbymeansof

collocations.

A.conceptualmeaningB.grammaticalmeaningC.lexicalmeaningD.collocative

meaning

14.Inthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedin.

A.onlyonewordB.twowordsC.morethanthreeD.differentwords

15.Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthe.

A.speakersB.listenersC.worldD.specificcountry

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccording

tothecoursebook.

16.InmodernEnglishonemayfindsomewordswhosesoundssuggesttheir

17.Compoundsandderivedwordsarewordsandthemeaningsofmanyare

thesumtotalofthemorphemescombined.

18.referstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptual

meaningofaword.

19.Themeaningsofmanywordsoftenrelatedirectlytotheir.Inother

wordsthehistoryofthewordexplainsthemeaningoftheword.

20.Lexicalmeaningitselfhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningand

III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnB

accordingto1)typesofmotivation2)typesofmeaning.

AB

21.Onomotopooeicmotivation()A.tremblewithfear

22.Collocativemeaning()B.skinny

23.Morphologicalmotivation()C.slender

24.Connotativemeaning()D.hiss

25.Semanticmotivation()E.laconic

26.Stylisticmeaning()F.sun(aheavenlybody)

27.Etymologicalmotivation()Gairmail

28.Pejorativemeaning()H.home

29.Conceptualmeaning()I.horseandplug

30.Appreciativemeaning()J.penandaword

W.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentifyl)typesofmotivation2)

typesofmeaning.

31.neigh()32.themouthoftheriver()

33.reading-lamp()34.tantalus()

35.warmhome()36.thecops()

37.dearme()38.pigheaded()

39.handsomeboy()40.diligence()

V.Definethefollowingterms.

41.motivation42.grammaticalmeanings43.conceptualmeaning44.

associativemeaning45.affectivemeaning

VI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.

46.Whatisreference?47.Whatisconcept?48.Whatissense?

VII.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.

49.Studythefollowingwordsandexplaintowhichtypeofmotivationthey

belong.

50.Explainthetypesofassociativemeaningwithexamples.

Keytoexercises:

I.1.C2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.C8.D9.A10.Bll.C12.B

13.D14.D15.C

II.16.meanings17.multi-morphemic18.Semanticmotivation19.origins

20.associativemeaning

III.21.D22.A23.G24.H25.J26.127.E28.B29.F30.C

IV.31.Onomatopoeicmotivation32.Semanticmotivation

33.Morphologicalmotivation34.Etymologicalmotivation

35.Connotativemeaning36.Stylisticmeaning

37.Affectivemeaning38.pejorative

39.collocativemeaning40.appreciative

V-VI.Seethecoursebook.

VIII.49.(1)Roarandbuzzbelongtoonomatopoeicmotivation.

(2)Miniskirtandhopelessbelongtomorphologicalmotivation.

(3)Thelegofatableandtheneckofabottlebelongtosemantic

motivation.

(4)Titanicandpanicbelongtoetymologicalmotivation.

50.Associativemeaningcomprisesfourtypes:

(1)Connotativemeaning.Itreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggestedby

theconceptualmeaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.Itisnotan

essentialpartoftheword-meaning,butassociationsthatmightoccurinthe

mindofaparticularuserofthelanguage.Forexample,mother,denotinga

(femaleparent',isoftenassociatedwith'love','care',etc..

(2)Stylisticmeaning.Apartfeomtheirconceptualmeanings,manywordshave

stylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.These

distinctivefeaturesformthestylisticmeaningsofwords.Forexample,

pregnant,expecting,knockingup,intheclub,etc.,allcanhavethesame

conceptualmeaning,butdifferintheirstylisticvalues.

(3)Affectivemeaning.Itindicatesthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthepersonor

thinginquestion.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwo

categories:appreciativeorpejorative.Forexample,famous,determinedare

wordsofpositiveovertones;notorious,pigheadedareofnegative

connotationsimplyingdisapproval,contemptorcriticism.

(4)Collocativemeaning.Itconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinits

collocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedby

thewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.Forexample,wesay:

prettygirl,prettygarden;wedon'tsayprettytypewriter.Butsometimes

thereissomeoverlapbetweenthecollocationsofthetwowords.

Chapter6SenseRelationsandSemanticField(練習5)

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethe

onethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.

1.Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiarto.

A.EnglishonlyB.ChineseonlyC.allnaturallanguagesD.somenatural

languages

2.Fromthepointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowth

anddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.

A.linguisticB.diachronicC.synchronicD.traditional

3.isasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthe

centerandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlike

rayes.

ARadiatio