牛津譯林版八年級下學(xué)期英語Unit5unit8期末復(fù)習(xí)

2024年春學(xué)期八年級英語期末復(fù)習(xí)（Unit58）重難點知識解析一、單詞與短語1.politeadj.有禮貌的反義詞impoliteadv.politelyrudeadj.粗魯?shù)腷e[politetosb對某人有禮貌2.shaken./v.搖動，晃動過去式shookshakeone’shand握手=shakehandswithsbfeelaslightshaking感覺到輕微的晃動3.turnn.輪流，順序queueforone’sturn排隊等候taketurnstodo輪流做某事4.properadj.正確的，合乎習(xí)俗的adv.properly近義詞right/correct5.conversationn.對話，可數(shù)名詞v.chat聊天municatev.交流municationn.talkn./v.交談municatewithsb與某人交流talkto/withsb和某人交談6.sayingn.習(xí)語，諺語格言v,sayAsthesayinggoes正如諺語所說7.discussvt.討論=talkaboutn.discussionfurtherdiscussion深入討論8.expressvt.表達expressoneself(clearly)(清晰地/清楚地)表達自己（的思想/情緒等）9.explainv.解釋explainsthtosb向某人解釋某事10.publicn./adj.民眾，群體，公共的，公開的inpublic公開地，在別人面前inpublicplaces在公共場所11.littern.垃圾，不可數(shù)=rubbish/trashv.亂丟雜物droplittereverywhere隨地扔垃圾nolittering禁止扔垃圾12.riskn.風(fēng)險，危險vt.冒險做riskdoingsth冒著做某事的風(fēng)險risklosingeverything冒著失去一切的風(fēng)險Areyouwillingtorisk_____________(lose)yourlifetogowithme?13.purposen.目標，目的thepurposeof……的目標Thepurposeoftheactivityis___________(raise)moneyforchildreninpoorareas.14.cutin(onstb/sth)插嘴15.obeyv.遵守，順從近義詞followobey/followtrafficrules遵守交通規(guī)則16.pushin插隊，加塞pushinbeforeothers插隊17.aboveall首先，最主要的是，強調(diào)重要性atfirst/inthebeginning首先，起初，強調(diào)時間的先后18.excuseme勞駕，表示打攪別人，麻煩別人19.byaccident偶然地，意外地20.soonafter不久以后21.bumpintosb撞到某人=hitsb22.meanv.意思是meaningn.意思，可數(shù)adj.meaningful有意義的meaningless無意義的Doyouknowthe______________(mean)ofthesewords?It’s_____________(mean)totalkwithhimaboutit.Hecan’tchangehismind.23.volunteerv.志愿做n.志愿者volunteertodo志愿做某事=volunteerforsth24.elderlyadj.年老的theelderly老年人blindadj.瞎的blindnessn.失明homelessadj.無家可歸的25.trainn.火車v.培訓(xùn)traintodosth培訓(xùn)做某事traintobe=trainas培訓(xùn)做（某工作）trainfor為……培訓(xùn)26.chancen.機會achancetodosth一次做某事的機會catch/takeachance抓住機會27.goldn黃金，金牌goldenadj.金色的28.confidentadj.自信的confidencen.信心haveconfidencein=beconfidentof對…有信心29.donatev.捐獻donationn.donateto把……捐給……donateblood獻血donatemoney捐款30.bloodn.血bleedv.流血31.introducev.介紹introductionn.引言，簡介introduceoneself自我介紹introduceto給……介紹……32.diseasen.疾病，可數(shù)名詞，常用來描述各類具體的病癥，如blooddisease,heartdisease，illnesssickness，主要用于表示生病的時間或因病(disease)導(dǎo)致的不健康狀態(tài)等，一般用作不可數(shù)，如：

Hecan’tebecauseofillness.他因病不能來。Hediedafteralongillness.他久病不愈而亡。Imissedalotofschoolthroughillnesslastyear.我去年因病耽誤了很多功課。33.charityn.“慈善”不可數(shù)，charityshops慈善商店charityshow慈善表演“慈善機構(gòu)”可數(shù)名詞，internationalcharities國際慈善機構(gòu)34.survivev.(經(jīng)歷事故、戰(zhàn)爭或疾病)活下來，幸存survivorn.幸存者35.giveahelpinghand伸出援助之手36.necessaryadj.必要的Itis(n0t)necessarytodosth做某事是（不）必要的=Thereis(no)needtodosth37.especiallyadv.尤其是，特別表示強調(diào)，與句子主干部分用逗號隔開，specialadj.特別的38.educationn.教育，educatev.教育educatedadj.受過教育的，有教養(yǎng)的educationaladj.有教育意義的Studentsshouldwatchmore

(educate)programs.Studentsshould

（educate）toprotecttheirbodies．39.spreadv./n.擴散，傳播，分布過去式和原形一致preventthespreadof阻止……的擴散40.interviewv./n.采訪，面試interviewern.采訪者haveaninterviewwith對……的采訪/面試41.medicinen.藥，醫(yī)學(xué)不可數(shù)，medicaladj.醫(yī)學(xué)的，醫(yī)療的takemedicine服藥medicaltreatment醫(yī)治42.gotohospital去看病=seethedoctor43.patientn.病人adj.有耐心的反義詞impatient不耐煩的，沒有耐心的patiencen.耐心44.onboard在飛機（船、火車）上=ontheplane/ship/train45.developv.發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)，加強developmentn.發(fā)展withthedevelopmentof隨著…的發(fā)展developingcountry發(fā)展中國家developedcountry發(fā)達國家includevt.包括，包含，做謂語動詞，指某整體包含或容納某部分，常用于解釋或補充說明；includingprep.,插入語，起補充說明的作用，一般與句子主干有逗號隔開。Theuniversityincludestencolleges.該大學(xué)有10個學(xué)院。Ihateanimals,includingdogs.我討厭動物，包括小狗47.Indian.印度Indiann.印度人，印第安人復(fù)數(shù)Indiansadj.印度的，印度人的48.secretaryn.秘書復(fù)數(shù)secretariessecretn.秘密keepsecretsforsb為某人保守秘密keepitsecret保密treatv.對待，招待，治療treatmentn.治療givesbsthasatreat招待某人某物treatas把……看做……reducev.減少reduceairpollution減少空氣污染recyclevt.回收利用besenttofactoriesforrecycling被送回到工廠回收利用reusevt.再使用reusewaterifpossible如果可能的話重復(fù)使用水wiseadj.明智的。聰明的wiselyadv.=inawisewaywisdomn.智慧punishvt.處罰，懲罰finevt.罰款limitvt.限制limitedadj.有限的resourcen.資源可數(shù)名詞dependonrichresourcestolive依靠豐富的自然資源生活producevt.導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生producern.生產(chǎn)者，制造商，制片人productn.產(chǎn)品pollutevt.污染pollutedadj.受污染的pollutionn.污染water/noise/airpollution水/噪音/空氣污染Therearefewerandfewerfishintheriverbecauseof________.A．a(chǎn)ction B．situation C．direction D．pollutionThesea_________ifpeoplekeepthrowingwastesintoit.A．ispolluted B．waspolluted C．hasbeenpolluted D．willbepollutedsurveyn.調(diào)查emptyadj.空的反義詞full滿的，飽的coaln.煤炭oiln.石油，油soiln.土壤gasn.氣體，煤氣，天然氣都是不可數(shù)名詞formv.形成formagoodreadinghabit養(yǎng)成好的讀書習(xí)慣developagreenlifestyle養(yǎng)成綠色的生活方式simpleadj.簡單的，普通的simplyadv.簡單地比較等級simplersimplesttakesimplesteps采取簡單的步驟=takeaction=acttodopowern.電力，電源，力量powerfuladj.強大的，有力的inplace在正確位置keepsoilinplace保持水土taketheplaceof...代替...carelessadj.粗心的，滿不在乎的，反義詞careful認真的，細心地carev./n.照料在意carefullyadv.小心地，仔細地carelessly粗心地carelessnessn.粗心careabout關(guān)心，在乎becarefulwith小心……takecare小心，保重takecareof照顧……難點與易錯點講解1.closecloselyclosev.關(guān)，指關(guān)閉事物本身，而turnoff指關(guān)閉開關(guān)closeadj./adv.親密的，靠近的/地，指位置距離的靠近；closelyadv.密切地，一般用于抽象的意義，如workcloselywithsb和某人密切合作；closedadj.關(guān)著的Theschoolis__________(close)tothepark.Heisstanding__________(close)tothedoorTheteachernoticedthatstudent___________.(close)Somepeopleliketosleepwiththewindows___________(close).Whoisyour______________(close)friend?2.avoidvt.避免avoiddoingsth避免做某事().—Ithinksomeonlineeatingshowswastealotoffood.—Idoagreewithyou.Thegovernmentshouldmakelawsto__________foodwaste.avoidB.affordC.allowD.achieveYoungchildrenareoftentaughtroad__________(safe)______________(avoid)trafficaccidents.3.inone’swaybythewayoneone’s/thewaytointhiswayinsomewaysinone’sway擋住某人的路，bytheway順便問一下，oneone’s/thewayto在某人去…的路上，inthisway以這種方式，insomeways在某種程度上()Icouldn'twalkveryfastbecausealotofpeoplewere_________.A.inmywayB.inthiswayC.insomewayD.onmyway()Youcansolvethisproblem___________.That’sOK.A.intheway B.inthisway C.ontheway D.bytheway()______mywayhome,Ifoundabigstone______myway.Luckily,Imoveditaway.A.On,byB.On,byC.In,onD.On,in()TheboypushedmeawayasIwas_______hisway.A.onB.inC.byD.at4.aswell(as)notonlybutalsoaswell也，用于句末，一般無逗號，aswellas也，不僅…而且…=notonlybut(also)，作主語時aswellas的謂語動詞要遵循就前原則，notonlybutalso的謂語動詞要遵循就近原則。Hegavememoney.Heofferedmesomesuggestionstoo.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Heofferedmesomesuggestions___________________________money.()Sheaswellasherparents_______watchingamovieinthecinema.Instead,theydoitathome.likesB.dislikeC.don’tlikeD.dislikes()Annadances_________,ifnotbetterthan,Lily.A.sowell B.aswellas C.sowellas D.aswell5.loudaloudloudlyloudadj./adv.“大聲地”“高聲地”;有比較級和最高級形式,強調(diào)發(fā)出的音量大，傳得遠，一般多用來修飾speak，talk，laugh等動詞。loud還可用作形容詞。例如：Speaklouder,please,ornoonewillhearyou.請大聲些，否則沒人能聽見。aloudadv.“大聲地,出聲地”，無比較等級，強調(diào)發(fā)出的聲音能被聽見，常用read,call等動詞連用。例如：Pleasereadthetextaloud.請朗讀一下課文。loudlyadv."高聲地，喧噪地”，有比較等級，其基本意義與loud相同，還常與ring，knock等動詞連用。loudly放在動詞前后均可，含有“喧鬧”或“嘈雜”的之意，使人不舒服。例如：Don’ttalksoloudlyinthemuseum.在博物館里別這么大聲講話。inaloudvoice大聲地=loud/loudly()TheTVissothatshecan’tstudy.loudlyB.loudC.louderD.aloud()Don’tsingsongsso.A.loudlyB.loudC.louderD.aloud()Thenoisemakesmeclosethedoor.loudlyB.loudC.louderD.aloud()Shetookoutabookandbegantoread.A.louderB.loudlyC.aloudD.loudest()sometimesometimessometimesometimessometime一段時間，一般前面須加介詞for；sometimes幾次，表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)；sometime表示將來的“某時”sometimes“有時候”，表示頻率()Ihavespent______onthisjob.IthinkIcanfinishit______thisafternoon.A.sometime;sometimeB.sometimes;sometimeC.sometime;sometimeD.sometimes;sometime()Thekidnapping____inWestTown_____between8.p.m.and9p.m.yesterday.A.tookplace,sometimesB.wastakenplace,sometimeC.washappened,sometimesD.happened,sometime()Hisfacelooksfamiliartome.Iremember____him____yearsago.A.tosee,sometimesB.seeing,sometimesC.tosee,sometimeD.seeing,sometime()Doesn’tyourfatheroftengotoworkbybus?_______.But_____hegoestoworkonfoot.A.No,hedoesn’t/sometimeB.Yes,hedoes/sometimeC.Yes,hedoes/sometimesD.No,hedoesn’t/sometimes7.warnsb(not)todosth告誡某人（不）做某事().—Itissohottoday.Whynotswimintheriver?—No,wecan’tswimintheriver.Ourteachersandparentsalwayswarnus__________intheriver.It’s dangerous.tonotswim B.swimming C.nottoswim D.notswimmingMrs.Smartwarnedherstudentsnot____outlatelastnight.(stay)8.asadv.(指程度或數(shù)量上)同樣，一樣；conj.像……一樣，正如，因為，隨著，一邊……一邊prep.作為，像引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……的時候”，其用法與when和while類似。如：Asachild(Whenhewasachild),shewassenttosixdifferentschools.assoonas“一……就”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；如：IwillgiveyouacallassoonasIarrivethere.表示從句與主句動作同時進行，意為“一邊……一邊……”，一般不與狀態(tài)動詞連用。如：Shesangsongsasshedidherhomework.as還可以表示一動作緊接著另一動作發(fā)生，說明另一動作的結(jié)果，有“隨著……”的含義。如：Astimewentby,wefoundhewasanhonestman./Ashegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“如，像”。asaspossible盡可能……=asassbcan/could如：WheninRome,doasRomansdo./Dotoothersasyouwouldhaveothersdotoyou.as作介詞使用，表示“作為、當(dāng)作”。befamousas作為%而出名如：Asastudent,youshouldstudyhard.asas和……一樣……引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句如：Myroomisasbigasyours.aslongas“只要”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句如：Wewillgocampingaslongasitdoesn’trainnextweekend.asif/though“好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句；如：Iateasiftherewasnotomorrow.我狼吞虎咽地吃著。suchas例如thesameas和……一樣asaresult因此，結(jié)果aswell“也、還”=also/tooAaswellasB“不但A而且B”=notonlyAbutalsoBtreat…as…,把……看做……().Pamela’scoatissobeautifulanditis__________mine.A.assamesizeas B.thesamesizeas C.asthesameas D.thesamesize().Timewaitsfornoman.Butsomepeoplewon'trealizetheimportanceoftime____it’sgone.A.as B.since C.when D.untilkeepsbfromsth保護某人使免受……keepsbsafefromdanger使某人避開/遠離危險keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事=stop/preventsb(from)doingsthkeepsbdoing讓某人一直做某事近義leavesb/sthdoingleavethetaprunning讓水龍頭一直流著keepawayfrom使……遠離……keepthechildrenawayfrompossibledanger讓孩子們遠離可能的危險Tomkeeps(run)foronehoureverymorning.Everyoneknowsthatthesignmeanskeeping(quietly).(keep)petdogsisexpensivenow.Ifhekeepspractising________(speak)Englisheveryday,hewillbebetteratit.Itwillgetworseifyoukeepthem_____yourselfwhenyouhaveproblems.A.fromB.inC.toD.on__________(keep)safe,everyoneissupposedtowearaseatbeltinacar.Theykeepthedoor_________(close)becauseit’scoldoutside..Tofinishtheworkontime,Mr.Greendranksomecoffeetokeephim_________(wake).10.successfulsuccessfuladj.成功的successn.成功successfullyadv.成功地succeedv.成功dosthsuccessfully=managetodosth=succeedindoingsth成功地做某事().Heisbusinesslike（認真的）andisoften_______.Ihopehewillhavemore_______athisbusiness.A.success;successful B.successful;successC.successfully;successful D.successful;successful().Hardworkcanbringyou_____,butifyouarelazy,youwon’tbee______.A.success;success B.successful;success C.success;successful D.successful;successful().Hardworkbringsus______.Butifyouarelazy,wewon’tbe______.A.success;successB.successful;successC.successful;successfulD.success;successfulableadj.能夠，有能力的，beableto能，會，反義詞unabledisabledadj.殘疾的=withphysicaldisabilitiesabilityn.能力反義詞disability“缺陷。障礙”peoplewithintellectualdisabilities有智力障礙的人Weshouldtakegoodcareofthose_______________(able)people．Areyouwillingtohelpthepeoplewithphysical_______________(able)?I’msurethatyouhavethe___________(able)tofinishthetask.Whenyouare__________(able)tosolvetheproblem,pleasetellme.expecttodo期待/指望/預(yù)期某人做某事sbbeexpectedtodosthlookforwardtodoing期待/盼望做某事Wearenotexpected____________(arrive)latewhenwehaveameeting.Don't____________toomuchfromhim.Heisonlyachild.riskB.manageC.dreamD.expectTom,youarenolongera3yearoldkid.Icancookdinnerforyou,butdon'texpectmetodoforyou.Doandtidyyourroom.AeverythingBsomethingC.anythingDnothingbesimilarto與……相似besimilarin在……（方面）相似bethesameas和……一樣，bedifferentfrom與……不同Hisopinionsaresimilar________yoursbutdifferent________Linda's.A．to;from B．from;to C．a(chǎn)s;with D．with;asgiveup放棄givesb/sthup放棄某人/某事物giveupdoingsth放棄做某事=stopdoingsth停止做某事=notdosthanymore不再做某事Iwillnevergiveup(take)sportsbecauseIhopeIwillbehealthier.—Englishisveryimportant,sodon’t.

—Thankyou..

A.giveitup;Iwon’t B.giveitup;IwillC.giveupit;Iwill D.giveupit;Iwon’tachievevt.實現(xiàn)，達到realizevt.認識到,意識到，實現(xiàn)achieve與realize都是及物動詞?？梢杂糜谥鲃诱Z態(tài)，也可以用于被動語態(tài)etrue實現(xiàn)不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)，主語只能是事物achieve/realizesb’sdream=makesb’sdreametrue實現(xiàn)某人的夢想Mycousinrealizedhisdreamaftermanyyearsofhardwork.(改為同義句)Mycousin___________________________ __________________after__________________formanyyears.Hisbrotherfinallyachievedhisdream._____________hisdream________________.operatevi.做手術(shù)operationn.手術(shù)do/performanoperationonsb=operateonsb給某人做手術(shù)______thepatientswhohavebeen____theheartdiseasescan’tafford______.Mostly,treatedfor,todotheoperationsB.Most,curedfor,tobeoperatedonMostof,curedof,theoperationsD.Mostof,treatedof,togotoschoolDoyouthinkthesickpersonneedsan______________(operate)atonce.Thedoctoris________________(operate)onhim.Theoldmanisbadlyillandheneeds_____________(operate)onatanizevt.組織organizationn.組織organizedadj.有調(diào)理的raisemoneybyorganizingsomeactivities通過組織一些活動籌款Mostofthefoodforthehomelessisprovidedbyavoluntary______________(organize).Activitiesforprotectingtheenvironment(organize)byMrLinnextweek.carryon繼續(xù)開展，繼續(xù)下去carryondoingsthcarryonwithsthTheweatherwasbad.Buttheystilldecidedto______________withtheirwork.A.carryoffB.carryonC.carryoutD.carryawaymostlyadv.主要地，大部分地mostadj.mainlyadv.()—Howexpensivethemagazineis!—Fashionmagazinescostmuch,_______iftheyhavelotsofcolourpictures.especiallyB.mostlyC.mainlyD.exactly()Chinagrowsalotofcotton,_______inthewesternareas.mostlyB.reallyC.finallyD.warmlycan’taffordsth沒有足夠的錢買某物，買不起某物=nothaveenoughmoneytobuysth,can’taffordtodosth沒有足夠的錢做某事，承擔(dān)不起做某事的后果。Yongpeopleinbigcitiescan’tafford__________(buy)flatsbecauseofthehighprice.Wecan’tafford____________(make)anyudadj.自豪的，驕傲的priden.驕傲，自豪beproudof為……感到驕傲=takepridein.betheprideof是……的驕傲Iamfeelingeven(proud)ofmymotherlandafteroveringthedifficultyofvirus.()Johnwasproudthefirstprizeinthestorypetition.Hewasreallygoodattellingstories.

A.win B.winsC.towin D.won()I’mproudofSuzhou,ourhomeland.______.Itisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.NeitheramIB.NeitherIamC.SoamID.SoIamhandout分發(fā)，提出handin上交，遞給byhand：手工，親手，giveahelpinghand伸出援助之手，handsup舉手shakesb’shand與某人握手setup成立，設(shè)立setoff.出發(fā),動身，點燃,爆炸（=letoff）()Youshouldcheckyouranswerscarefullybeforeyouyourpaper.

A.handout B.handoverC.handin D.handdown()—Wow!Therearesomanypapers! —Yes.Pleasehelpme__________.A.handinthem B.handthemout C.handthemin D.handoutthem()—Wherearetheleaflets?—We'vealready.Nowtheyarebeingreadbypeople.A.handedoutthemB.handedinthemC.handedthemoutD.handedtheminmattern.事情，問題，可數(shù)名詞v.有關(guān)系；要緊Itdoesn’tmatter.不要緊，沒關(guān)系對別人致歉時的回答=Nevermind.What’sthematter(with)?(……)怎么了？=What’swrong?Wehavemoreimportantmatterstodiscuss.我們有更主要的事情要討論。Doesitmatteralottoherwhethertheyeornot他們是否來，這與她有很大關(guān)系嗎?()Paynoattentiontothosewholaughatyou.Whatmost________ishowyouseeyourself.A.drinks B.matters C.cares D.mindsmakeupone’smind(todo)下決心/決定做某事=decidetodo=makeadecisiontodokeepinmind牢記……changeone’smind改變主意mindsb./one’sdoingsth.介意/反對某人做某事Hemadeuphismind(carry)onwithhisworkincharities.too+adj./adv.(forsb)todosth太……而不能做某事，todo表示一個否定的結(jié)果，動詞必須的及物動詞，不及物動詞后面須加介詞，如果主語是動作的對象，動詞后面不能有賓語，Mymotherisalwaysbusy_________(do)housework________(help)withmyhomework.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tswimacrosstheriver.（同義句）Theboy_____old_____toswimacrosstheriver.adj./adv.+enough(forsb)todosth足夠……能夠做某事，todo表示一個肯定的結(jié)果，動詞必須的及物動詞，不及物動詞后面須加介詞，如果主語是動作的對象，動詞后面不能有賓語。否定句同時對形容詞與動詞否定，可以與tooto替換()Theyfinishedthework________becausetheyhad________.A.goodenough;enoughtimeB.enoughgood;timeenoughC.wellenough;enoughtimeD.enoughwell;timeenoughThechildrenareoldenoughtodress(they)everymorning.28.achievevt.獲得，實現(xiàn)realizevt.認識到，意識到，實現(xiàn)etruevi.出來，（花的）開放，實現(xiàn)achieve與realize都是及物動詞，后面必須有賓語，可以用于主動語態(tài)也可以用于被動語態(tài)，etrue是不及物動詞短語，只能用于主動語態(tài)。achievemydream=realizemydream=makemydreametrueseriousadj.嚴重的，嚴肅的，認真的seriouslyadv.nothingserious沒有什么嚴重的beseriousabout認真對待……=

take

sth

seriously

youcan’tbeserious.你不是認真的吧！/你在開我玩笑吧！=Youmustbekidding!()—Iamgoingtosellallyouroldbooks.Theyaretakingupalotofspace.—!They’reeverythingtome.Ifyousellthem,youwilltakemylife.Soundsgood B.It’snothing C.Youcan’tbeserious D.Icouldn’tagreemore()Thefinalexamisveryimportant.Wemusttreatit.A.serious B.seriously C.careless D.carelesslyturnoff關(guān)上（開關(guān)）turnon打開（開關(guān)）turnup把…（收音機、電視的音量等）開大，調(diào)高turndown把…（收音機、電視的音量等）關(guān)小，調(diào)低turninto變成，turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身，回頭turnout結(jié)果是、證明是Remembertoturnoffthelightwhen______________theroom.(leave)()Hownoisyitis!CouldyoupleasetheTValittle?turnoff B.turnon C.turndown D.turnupseparatevt.分開separateinto把……分成……separatefrom把……和……分開Wehaveto_______Philip_______Johnbecausetheyweretalkingallthetime.A．translate;intoB．divide;intoC．share;withD．separate;fromThesmallislandisseparated________usonthemap,butitisapartofChina.A．on B．from C．in D．toThecakewas________intofourpieces,soeachofthefourchildrencouldhaveonepiece.A．dividedB．separatedC．takenD．droppedallowvt.允許allowsbtodo允許某人做某被動形式sbbeallowedtodoallowdoing允許做某事被動形式doingsthbeallowedThelawdoesn’tallow____________(cut)downforest.Studentsaren’tallowed_____________(use)mobilephonesatschool.Passengersarenotallowed(eat)ordrinkwhentheytaketheunderground.dependon/upon依靠，取決于itdepends看情況，視情況而定dependsbtoomuch太依靠某人AdecidesB=BdependsonADon’t________yourparentstoomuch.Youshouldlearntolookafteryourself.A．dependon B．carryon C．tryon D．putonrunout用完，耗盡，不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)，主語一般為事物，useup用完eatup吃光=runoutof可用于主動語態(tài)，也可用于被動語態(tài)。Wehaven’trunoutofbutter.However,honeyhasrunout.其它含有out的短語：putout撲滅；handout分發(fā)；giveout分發(fā)；eout出來、出版；workout算出、解決；findout發(fā)現(xiàn)、查明；sellout賣光；carryout執(zhí)行，開展；turnout證明Theenergyfromthesunandwindisverycheapanditwillnever________.A．eout B．runout C．putout D．carryout—Wouldyoupleasehelpme________theseleaflets(傳單)forthespeech?

—Noproblem.A．putout B．handout C．runout D．eout—Dear,pleasegetsomefruitbeforeit________.—OK.I’llgotothesupermarketrightaway.A．runsout B．isrunout C．isrunningout D．willberunoutdifferencen.差異，不同，既可用作可數(shù)名詞，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，differentadj.不同的makeadifferenceto（對……）有影響，起作用=influence,此處to是介詞，bedifferentfrom和……不同makea(big)differencetosb/sth對……有（很大）影響、起（很大）作用makeno/littledifferenceto對…沒有/幾乎沒有影響；makemuchdifferenceto對…有很大影響tellthedifferencebetween…指出…的差別—Infact,everyonecandosomethingto________toourenvironment.—Yes,Idon’tthinkweshouldthrowawaythewaste________.A．makedifference;carefully B．makedifferences;carefulC．makeadifference;carelessly D．makeafewdifferences;careless老師的話對我的學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。Whattheteachersaidtomystudy.harmvt./n.傷害harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.無害的harmsb/sth傷害，對…有害=doharmto=beharmfulto=bebadforbegoodfor對……有益Doctorshavewarnedagainstthe____________(harm)effectsofsmoking.Asweallknow,playingputergamestoomuchwillbe________(harm)tothestudents.()—Wemustwearhelmets(頭盔)toprotectourheadswhenridingebikes.—Yes.Wearinghelmetscanharmintheaccidents.A.refuse B.repeat C.reduce D.recordlivingadj.活著的，指人或物不僅活著，而且健康，可以做名稱的前置定語，也可以做表語；n.生計，makealiving(bydoing)謀生；aliveadj.活著的，與“死”dead相對，指還沒有死的狀態(tài)，多用于指人，只能做表語、補語或名詞的后置定語；livelyadj.活潑的，生動的，生機勃勃的，可以指人，也可指物；livingthings生物Every________(live)thingontheearthcannotlivewithoutothers.He'sluckytobe____________(live)afterthecaraccident.Whenthepolicearrived,theyweresurprisedtofindtheoldman_________(live).Mr.Wuisverycreativeandalwaysmakeshisclass____________(live)andinteresting.savewaterbytakingshortershowers通過縮短淋浴時間來節(jié)約用水=takeshortershowerstosavewater類似protecttheenvironmentbyrecyclingwaste通過回收利用廢品來保護環(huán)境=recyclewastetoprotecttheenvironmentsothat以便，為了引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句；inorder(not)todo為了（不）做…引導(dǎo)目的狀語；so+adj./adv.+thatthat后引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。Hegotupveryearlythismorning_______hecouldcatchthetrain.=Hegotupveryearlythismorning_____________catchthetrain.Hegotup______early_______hecaughtthetraincausev.導(dǎo)致、造成=leadtocausen.原因，不可數(shù)thecauseof……的原因，指造成一種現(xiàn)實或現(xiàn)象的原因；thereasonfor……的理由，指說明一種看法或行為的理由Isthereanyreasonforyourbeinglateagain?Carelessnessisthecauseofthefire./Carelessnesscausesthefire.—Accordingtoarecentsurvey,manystudentshavepooreyesight.—Inmyopinion,readingonmobilephonestoooftenisthe________ofhavingpooreyesight.costB．result C．causeD．examplechoosevt.選擇choicen.可數(shù)名詞choose(sb)todo選擇（某人）做某事；choosesbas…選擇某人作為…bechosentobe/bechosenas被選為…makeachoice作出選擇havenochoicebuttodosth別無選擇只能做某事Theteacherwillchooseonestudentastheteamleader.Tomwaschosentobeourmonitor.Amongallkindsofdrinks,teaisoneofpeople’sfirsttwo(choose).Peoplelikeitbecauseitisgoodfortheirhealth.—Tellmeonethingyou’reproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tom.—I________ascaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.A．choose B．chose C．a(chǎn)mchosen D．waschosen41.haveproblemsdoingsth做某事遇到問題，havefundoingsth做某事很愉快,havedifficultydoingsth做某事遇到困難,havetroubledoingsth做某事遇到麻煩havesthtodo有某事要做Youdon’tknowwhattroublewehad_____________(achieve)ourdreams.Whatgreatfuntheyhad____________(fly)kitesintheparkyesterday!42.beusedtodosth被用來做某事beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于/適應(yīng)了做某事beusedin被用于……beusedas被用作……beusedby被某人使用bemadeof由……制成（能判斷出原材料）bemadefrom由……制成（不能判斷出原材料），bemadeinto被制成……bemadeupof由……組成bemadeby被某人制成putersareoftenused_____________(search)forinformation.Mr.Chenused________(be)anengineerandhehasused__________(live)inthecountryalone.DianaisnowanORBISnursebutshewasn’tused___________(travel)byplane.()TheFlyingEyeHospitalisalsoused______atrainingcentre.A.inB.asC.byD.forWoodisoftenusedformaking___________paper.Paperisoftenmade__________wood.Glasscanbemade__________glasses.Ourclassismade__________fivegroups.Thiskindofsmartphonesismade____________China.Thesewatchesaremade________metal.Thedishes____________(make)bymothertastesverydelicious.鞏固練習(xí)()1.Iwastoobusy_______fortheexam_______thematchyesterday.A.preparing;towatch B.toprepare;towatch C.preparing;watching D.toprepare;watching()2.Thegateistoonarrowto________,soheistooangrytosay__________.A.go;nothingB.gothroughit;anythingC.gothrough;nothingD.gothrough;anything()3.Thelittlegirllistenedtoherteacher_______toremembermostofthemainpoints.A.patientenoughB.patientlyenoughC.toopatientD.toopatiently()4.—Whocanhelpmecarrytheheavybox?—IthinkTedis_______todoit.Butthedooris_______forhimtogothrough.A.toostrong;toosmallB.sostrong;smallenoughC.enoughstrong;smallenoughD.strongenough;toosmall()5.Mum,I’vegotanofferfromthesuperpany!Really?Itjustsounds___________tobetrue.sowell B.toogoodC.goodenoughD.toowell()6.Sadly,thetaskisdone________tomakethebosssatisfied.Poorthing!A.toocarelesslyB.toocarelessC.carelesslyenoughD.carelessenough()7.—You’vespeltthewordwrongagain,Judy. —Sorry.MaybeIamusedtothemistaketothinkoftherightone.A.so B.very C.quite D.too()8.Sailingonasnowydaymeans________inthesea.A.torisklosinglifeB.riskinglosinglifeC.torisktoloselifeD.riskingtoloselife()9.Thewaterinthisriveris______dirty______.A.so;thatmanyofthefishescanlivein B.so;thatfewofthefishescanliveinC.too;forfishestolivein D.too;forfishestoliveinit()10.Thisexerciseis_________difficu