汽車專業(yè)英語(第版)全套課件

2024/9/16汽車專業(yè)英語2024/9/16四沖程發(fā)動機基礎(chǔ)知識介紹發(fā)動機構(gòu)造認識燃油直噴系統(tǒng)發(fā)動機冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)認識發(fā)動機點火系統(tǒng)和起動系統(tǒng)認識任務(wù)一任務(wù)二任務(wù)三任務(wù)四任務(wù)五任務(wù)六任務(wù)七任務(wù)八底盤構(gòu)造認識汽車檢測設(shè)備認識KT600汽車診斷系統(tǒng)任務(wù)九汽車市場調(diào)查分析進出口交易的一般流程來人來電購車接待汽車產(chǎn)品配置介紹汽車保險辦理汽車銷售禮儀任務(wù)十任務(wù)十一任務(wù)十二任務(wù)十三任務(wù)十四任務(wù)十五任務(wù)十六汽車產(chǎn)品售后服務(wù)出國手續(xù)辦理

任務(wù)一四沖程發(fā)動機基礎(chǔ)知識介紹BriefIntroductionWordListTextlearning-exampleProperNames1234Translationofdifficultsentence5PracticalReading6

BriefIntroduction1.introduction[,?ntr?'d?k?(?)n] n.介紹，傳入，導(dǎo)言，緒論，入門2.unit['ju?n?t] n.元件，部件，零件，裝置3.vehicle[vi??k?l] n.交通工具，車輛4.engine['end??n] n.發(fā)動機5.cylinder['s?l?nd?] n.氣缸，圓筒，圓柱體6.combustion[k?m'b?st?(?)n] n.燃燒7.burn[b??n] vi.,vt.燃燒8.convert[k?n'v??t] vt.使轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換...9.piston['p?st(?)n] n.活塞10.crankshaft['kr??k?ɑ?ft] n.曲軸11.ignition[?g'n??(?)n] n.點火，點燃

WordList2024/9/16

WordList12.intake['?nte?k] n.入口，進口13.starter[/'stɑ?t?] n.起動機14.clockwise['kl?kwa?z] adj.順時針方向的adv.順時針方向地15.movement['mu?vm(?)nt] n.運動，動作，運轉(zhuǎn)16.vacuum['v?kj??m] n.真空，adj.真空的17.gasoline['g?s?li?n] n.汽油18.manifold['m?n?f??ld] n.進、排氣歧管19.stroke[str??k] n.沖程，行程20.remain[r?'me?n] vi.保持，逗留，剩余21.charge[t?ɑ?d?] n.充氣，裝料22.draw[/dr??] vt.吸引，吸入2024/9/16

WordList23.constitute['k?nst?tju?t] vt.組成，構(gòu)成24.compress[k?m'pres] vt.壓縮，濃縮25.travel[tr?v(?)l] v.旅行，傳播，行進26.power['pa??] n.能量，動力27.ignite[?g'na?t] v.點火，點燃28.spark[spɑ?k] n.火花29.revolution[rev?'lu??(?)n] n.旋轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)，旋轉(zhuǎn)一周30.expand[?k'sp?nd;ek-] vt.使膨脹，詳述，擴張31.expend[?k'spend;ek-] vt.消耗，花費，支出32.passage[p?s?d?] n.通道，通路33.port[p??t] n.通道，港口，端口34.continuously[k?n't?nj??sli]adv.不斷地，連續(xù)地2024/9/16

WordList35.attach[?'t?t?] vt.安裝上，系上，貼上36.resist[r?'z?st] vt.抵抗，反抗，抗，忍得住37.inertia[/?'n????] n.慣性，慣量38.even['i?v(?)n] adj.平滑的，偶數(shù)的，平均的39.automobile['??t?m?bi?l] n.汽車40.arrange[?'rend?] v.排列，安排41.flywheel['fla?wi?l] n.飛輪42.arrangement[?'re?n(d)?m(?)nt]n.排列，安排43.adjacent[?'d?e?s(?)nt]adj.鄰近的，接近的44.coolant['ku?l(?)nt] n.冷卻液45.medium[mi?d??m] n.媒體，媒介，介質(zhì)2024/9/16

WordList46.radiator['re?d?e?t?] n.散熱器47.tank[t??k] n.水箱48.camshaft[k?m?ɑ?ft] n.凸輪軸Textlearning-exampleTheengineisaself-containedpowerunitwhichconvertstheheatenergyoffuelintomechanicalenergyformovingthevehicle.Becausefuelisburnedwithintheengine,itisknownasaninternalcombustionengine.Intheinternalcombustionengine,air/fuelmixtureisintroducedintoaclosedcylinderwhereitiscompressedandthenignited.Theburningofthefuelcausesarapidriseincylinderpressurewhichisconvertedtousefulmechanicalenergybythepistonandcrankshaft.Themostcommonengineisthefour-strokepistonengine.Thesefourstrokesareintakestroke,compressionstroke,powerstrokeandexhauststroke.InternalCombustionEngine2024/9/16Textlearning-exampleTheintakestrokeofafour-strokeenginebeginswiththepistonattopdeadcenter(TDC).Thestartercausesthecrankshafttorotateinaclockwisedirection.Thecrankshaft,throughtheconnectingrod,forcesthepistontomovedownward.Thisdownwardmovementofthepistoncreatesavacuum,adifferenceinpressure,inthespaceabovethepiston.Theenginemanufacturertimestheintakevalveactionsothatitopensautomaticallyatorslightlybeforethepistonstartsdown.IntakeStroke2024/9/16Afterthepistonreachesbottomdeadcenter(BDC),itmovesupwardagainasthestartercontinuestoturnthecrankshaftinaclockwisedirection.Asthepistonisbeginningtomoveupward,theintakevalvecloses,andtheexhaustvalveremainsclosed.Sincebothvalvesareclosed,thepistoncompressestheair/fuelmixtureinthesmallspacebetweenthetopofthepistonandthecylinderhead.AsthepistonreachesTDCagainduringitsupwardtravel,thecompressionstrokeofthepistonisover.Theair/fuelchargeisnowundercompressionsothatitwillproduceagreatdealofpowerwhenthesparkplugignitesit.Textlearning-exampleCompressionStroke2024/9/16JustasorslightlybeforethepistonreachesTDConthecompressionstrokewiththeair/fuelmixturefullycompressed,atimedelectricalsparkappearsatthesparkplug.Thissparkignitesthecompressedair/fuelmixture.Theburningmixturebeginstoexpand;thepressureinthecombustionchamberabovethepistonimmediatelyincreases.Thisresultsinahighpressureappliedtothetopofthepiston.Now,bothvalvesremainclosedduringthepowerstroke.Thisassuresthatthetotalforceoftheexpandinggasappliesitselftotheheadofthepiston.Textlearning-examplePowerStroke2024/9/16Neartheendofthedownwardmovementofthepistononthepowerstroke,thecamshaftopenstheexhaustvalve,buttheintakevalveremainsclosed.Althoughmuchofthegaspressurehasexpendeditselfdrivingthepistondownward,somepressurestillremainswhentheexhaustvalveopens.Thisremainingpressurizedgasflowscomparativelyfreelyfromthecylinderthroughthepassage(port)openedbytheexhaustvalve.Textlearning-exampleExhaustStroke2024/9/16Foridentificationpurposes,manufacturersclassifyautomobileenginesbytheircylinderarrangement,valvearrangement,andtypeofsystemusedtocooltheengine.Enginemanufacturersbasicallyusethreedistinctwaystoarrangethecylindersinanengine:in-line,V-shape,oropposed.Textlearning-exampleEngineClassification2024/9/16Aliquid-cooledengineusesaliquidcoolantasthemediumtoremoveheatfromtheengine.Withthissystem,theenginehasthewaterjacketsintheblockandhead,whichsurroundthecylindersandcombustionchambersandthroughwhichcoolantcirculatesfreely.[7]Thiscoolantenterstheenginefromthebottomoftheradiatorandcirculatesthroughouttheengine,whereitabsorbsheat.Thenitexitsfromtheupperwaterjacketsandpoursintotheupperportionoftheradiator.Asthecoolantpassesthroughtheradiator,itpicksuptheheatcontainedinthecoolantandpassesthisheattotheairflowingaroundtheradiatorpassagesortubes.Thus,thecoolantleavingthelowertankiscoolreadytoflowthroughtheengineagain.Textlearning-exampleWater-cooledEngine

ProperNames1.self-contained 自備的2.internalcombustionengine 內(nèi)燃機3.heatenergy熱能4.mechanicalenergy 機械能5.air/fuelmixture空氣燃油混合物（可燃混合氣）6.intakestroke 進氣行程7.compressionstroke 壓縮行程8.powerstroke 作功行程9.exhauststroke 排氣行程10.topdeadcenter(TDC) 上止點11.connectingrod 連桿2024/9/16

ProperNames12.intakevalve 進氣門13.atmosphericpressure 大氣壓力14.intakemanifold 進氣歧管15.exhaustvalve 排氣門16.bottomdeadcenter(BDC) 下止點17.sparkplug 火花塞18.combustionchamber 燃燒室19.compressionratio 壓縮比20.cylinderhead 氣缸蓋21.engineblock 氣缸體22.waterjacket 水套Translationofdifficultsentence1.Theengineisaself-containedpowerunitwhichconvertstheheatenergyoffuelintomechanicalenergyformovingthevehicle.翻譯：發(fā)動機屬于自備動力型裝置，該裝置將燃料的熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機械能，用于推動車輛前進。語法：whichconverts…引導(dǎo)定語從句。2.Thedrawingofanair/fuelchargeintothecylinderinthismanner,duringthedownwardmovementofthepiston,constitutestheintakestrokeofthepiston.翻譯：在活塞向下運動時，可燃混合氣以上述方式被吸入氣缸，該過程就是進氣行程。語法：duringthedownwardmovementofthepiston作時間狀語從句。2024/9/16Translationofdifficultsentence3.Thistremendousforcepushesthepistondownwardonthepowerstroke,causingtheconnectingrodtorotatethecrankshaft.翻譯：在作功行程時，巨大的氣體壓力推動著活塞向下運動，帶動連桿轉(zhuǎn)動曲軸。語法：causingtheconnectingrodtorotatethecrankshaft是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語從句。4.Thisremainingpressurizedgasflowscomparativelyfreelyfromthecylinderthroughthepassage(port)openedbytheexhaustvalve.翻譯：帶殘余壓力的廢氣從已被排氣門開啟的排氣道中較為順暢地中排出。2024/9/16Translationofdifficultsentence5.Tokeepthecrankshaftturningsmoothlybetweentwopowerstrokes,theflywheelisattachedtotheendofthecrankshaft.翻譯：為了使曲軸在兩個相鄰的作功行程間平穩(wěn)地轉(zhuǎn)動，在曲軸的后端安裝了飛輪。6.Foridentificationpurposes,manufacturersclassifyautomobileenginesbytheircylinderarrangement,valvearrangement,andtypeofsystemusedtocooltheengine.翻譯：發(fā)動機制造商將汽車發(fā)動機按氣缸排列、氣門布置以及冷卻系統(tǒng)的類型進行分類。語法：foridentificationpurposes作目的狀語。2024/9/167.Withthissystem,theenginehasthewaterjacketsintheblockandhead,whichsurroundthecylindersandcombustionchambersandthroughwhichcoolantcirculatesfreely.翻譯：在水冷式發(fā)動機上，發(fā)動機氣缸體和氣缸蓋內(nèi)均有水套，水套包圍著氣缸和燃燒室，水套內(nèi)部有自由循環(huán)流動的冷卻液。語法：which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾thewaterjackets。Translationofdifficultsentence2024/9/16PracticalReadingDescriptionThe2ZZ-GEengineisanin-line,4-cylinder,1.8-liter,16-valveDOHCengine.[1]ThisenginemeetstheEuropeanSTEPⅢregulations.TheVVTL-isystem(VariableValveTimingandLift-intelligent)system,theDIS(DirectIgnitionSystem),andanAirInjectionsystemhavebeenadoptedonthisengineinordertoimproveperformance,fueleconomyandreduceexhaustemissions.LayoutofMainEngineComponents2024/9/16四沖程發(fā)動機基礎(chǔ)知識介紹發(fā)動機構(gòu)造認識燃油直噴系統(tǒng)發(fā)動機冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)認識發(fā)動機點火系統(tǒng)和起動系統(tǒng)認識任務(wù)一任務(wù)二任務(wù)三任務(wù)四任務(wù)五任務(wù)六任務(wù)七任務(wù)八底盤構(gòu)造認識汽車檢測設(shè)備認識KT600汽車診斷系統(tǒng)任務(wù)九汽車市場調(diào)查分析進出口交易的一般流程來人來電購車接待汽車產(chǎn)品配置介紹汽車保險辦理汽車銷售禮儀任務(wù)十任務(wù)十一任務(wù)十二任務(wù)十三任務(wù)十四任務(wù)十五任務(wù)十六汽車產(chǎn)品售后服務(wù)出國手續(xù)辦理

任務(wù)二發(fā)動機構(gòu)造認識BriefIntroductionWordListTextlearning-exampleProperNames1234Translationofdifficultsentence5PracticalReading6

BriefIntroduction1.framework[fre?mw??k]n.構(gòu)架，框架，結(jié)構(gòu)2.foundation[fa?n'de??(?)n]n.基礎(chǔ)，根本3.nickel[n?k(?)l]n.鎳4.chromium[kr??m??m] n.鉻5.aluminum[?lu?m?n?m]n.鋁6.cast[kɑ?st] v.澆鑄7.sleeve[sli?v] n.套管，軸套，襯套，缸套8.bore[b??] n.內(nèi)徑，槍膛v.鉆孔9.serve[s??v] vt.服務(wù)，可做，適于，具有…作用10.crankcase['kr??kke?s]n.曲軸箱11.bolt[/b??lt] n.螺釘，v.用螺栓緊固

WordList2024/9/16

WordList12.seal[sil] n.封鉛，封條，密封13.reciprocating[r?'s?pr??ke?t??] adj.往復(fù)的14.circumference[/s?'k?mf(?)r(?)ns]n.圓周，周圍15.slap[sl?p] vt.拍，拍擊16.expansion[?k'sp?n?(?)n;ek-] n.擴充，膨脹17.plus[pl?s] prep.加上，以及18.ccessory[?k'ses(?)r?] n.附件，零件，附加物19.via[?va??，?vi??] prep.經(jīng)，通過，經(jīng)由20.sprocket['spr?k?t] n.鏈輪齒21.chain[t?e?n] n.鏈(條)22.crankpin[kr??kp?n] n.曲柄銷，連桿軸頸2024/9/16

WordList23.counterweight[ka?nt?we?t] n.平衡物，平衡重24.flange[fl?n(d)?] n.凸緣，邊緣，輪緣25.function['f??(k)?(?)n] n.功能，作用26.cam[k?m] n.凸輪27.eccentric[?k'sentr?k;ek-] n.偏心輪28.gear[g??] n.齒輪,傳動裝置29.lifter'l?ft?] n.挺桿30.component[k?m'p??n?nt] n.部分，部件，零件，元件Textlearning-exampleTheengineblockformsthemainframework,orfoundation,oftheengine.Theblockiscastmainlyfromgrayironorironalloyedwithothermetalssuchasnickelorchromium.However,someblockshavebeenmadefromaluminum.Inanycase,theblockitselfhasmanycomponents.EngineBlock2024/9/16Textlearning-exampleThecylinderheadisboltedtotheblock.Themanufacturercaststhecylinderheadinonepiecefromiron,fromironalloyedwithothermetals,orfromaluminumalloy.Aluminumhastheadvantageofcombininglightnesswithratherhighheatconductivity.Dependingonthestyleofengine,thecylinderheadservesmanyfunctions.CylinderHead2024/9/16Theenginemanufacturerfitsapistonintoeachcylinderoftheengine.Thepistonisamovablepartorplugthatreceivesthepressurefromtheburningair/fuelmixtureandconvertsthispressureintoreciprocating(up-and-down)motion.Manufacturersmakemostenginepistonsfromaluminum,whichislessthanhalftheweightofiron.Ironpistonswerecommoninearlyautomotiveengines.Textlearning-examplePistons2024/9/16Pistonclearanceisthedistancebetweentheoutercircumferenceofthepistonandthecylinderwallitself.Inoperation,oilfillsthisclearancesothatthepistonmovesonfilmsoflubricatingoil.Ifthisclearanceistoosmall,severalproblemscandevelop.Ontheotherhand,excessivelylargeclearancecanresultinpistonslapasthepistonstartsdownonthepowerstrokes.Thepistonitselfoperatesmanydegreeshotterthantheadjacentcylinderwallandthereforeexpandsmore.Manufacturersmustcontrolthisexpansioninordertoavoidthelossofadequatepistonclearance.Textlearning-examplePistonClearance2024/9/16Someoperatingclearancemustexistbetweenthepistonandthecylinderwall;however,someformofsealisnecessarybetweenthepistonandthecylinderwalltopreventblowby.Consequently,pistonringsareusedtoprovidethenecessarysealtoeliminateblowbyandtocontroloilconsumption.Textlearning-examplePistonRings2024/9/16Asmentionedearlier,thepistonmovesupanddowninthecylinder,inareciprocatingmotion.Inordertorotatethedrivewheels,aconnectingrodandcrankshaftmustchangereciprocatingmotiontorotary.Theconnectingroditselfattachesatoneendtothepistonandontheotherendtothecrankpinsectionofthecrankshaft.Textlearning-exampleConnectingRods2024/9/16Thecrankshaftisthemainrotatingmember,orshaft,oftheengine.Itsfunction,alongwiththeconnectingrod,istochangethereciprocatingmotionofthepistontorotary.Inaddition,thecrankshaftisresponsiblefordrivingthecamshaftthroughtiminggears,plusoperatingtheaccessoriesviaasystemofbeltsandpulleys.Lastly,thecrankshaftcarriesthetotaltorque-turningortwistingeffortanddeliversittotheflywheel.Fromtheflywheelthetorquethenpasseseithertothefrictionclutchassemblyortothetorqueconverter.Textlearning-exampleCrankshaft2024/9/16Theflywheelisacomparativelyheavywheel,boltedtotheflangeontherearendofthecrankshaft.Itsfunctionistokeeptheenginerunningsmoothlybetweenpowerstrokes.Itsinertiatendstokeeptheflywheelrotatingataconstantspeed.Textlearning-exampleFlywheel2024/9/16Themanufacturermachinesacamlobeintoagivenshapethatproducesagivenamountofvalve-opendurationandoverlap.Furthermore,meshingthetiminggearsorinstallingthechainontothesprocketsataspecificplacewilltimethevalvestoopenandcloseatthepropermomentintheengine‘scycle.Textlearning-exampleTimingGears

ProperNames1.grayiron 灰口鐵2.waterpump 水泵3.oilpan 機油盤4.heatconductivity熱傳導(dǎo)性5.fasteningdevice緊固件6.drivewheel 驅(qū)動輪7.valvetiming 氣門正時8.frictionclutchassembly摩擦式離合器9.torqueconverter液力變矩器10.mainbearingjournal主軸承軸頸11.drivinghub驅(qū)動轂2024/9/16

ProperNames12.fanpulley 風(fēng)扇皮帶輪13.timinggear 正時齒輪14.fuelpump 燃油泵15.pistonclearance活塞間隙16.pistonring 活塞環(huán)17.compressionring氣環(huán)18.oilcontrolring油環(huán)19.vibrationdamper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器20.torsionalvibration扭轉(zhuǎn)振動21.oilpump 機油泵22.ignitiondistributor點火分電器2024/9/16

ProperNames23.valvestem 氣門桿24.pushrod 氣門推桿25.valvetip 氣門桿頂端26.valveseat 氣門座27.valvespring 氣門彈簧28.rockerarm 氣門搖臂29.camlobe 凸輪凸起部，凸輪工作部分Translationofdifficultsentence1.Theengineblockformsthemainframework,orfoundation,oftheengine.翻譯：發(fā)動機氣缸體構(gòu)成發(fā)動機的主要框架或基礎(chǔ)。2.Thepistonisamovablepartorplugthatreceivesthepressurefromtheburningair/fuelmixtureandconvertsthispressureintoreciprocating(up-and-down)motion.翻譯：活塞是運動部件，它承受可燃混合氣燃燒時產(chǎn)生的壓力，并將該力轉(zhuǎn)化成活塞的上下往復(fù)式運動。3.Pistonclearanceisthedistancebetweentheoutercircumferenceofthepistonandthecylinderwallitself.翻譯：活塞間隙是指活塞外圓表面到氣缸壁之間的距離。4.Consequently,pistonringsareusedtoprovidethenecessarysealtoeliminateblowbyandtocontroloilconsumption.翻譯：因此，使用活塞環(huán)來對活塞和氣缸壁間進行必要的密封，以防止發(fā)動機竄氣和減小發(fā)動機機油消耗。2024/9/16Translationofdifficultsentence5.Theconnectingroditselfattachesatoneendtothepistonandontheotherendtothecrankpinsectionofthecrankshaft.翻譯：連桿一頭與活塞相連，另一頭與曲軸的曲柄銷相連。6.Inaddition,therearsurfaceoftheflywheelservesasthedrivingmemberoftheclutchassembly.翻譯：此外，飛輪的后端面還作為離合器總成的驅(qū)動件。7.Theliftermaybeindirectcontactwiththetipofthevalvestem,oritmaybearagainstapushrodthatfunctionsalongwitharocker-armassemblytoopenavalve.翻譯：氣門挺桿或是直接與氣門桿頂端接觸，或者與推桿相連，推動推桿與搖臂總成一起開啟氣門。8.Tolengthenthetimeandtoacceleratetheair/fuelmixtureflowintothecylinders,boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesmustbeopenatthesametimeforashortperiod.翻譯：為了延長可燃混合氣進入氣缸的時間和加速混合氣的進入，在同一小段時間內(nèi)使進、排氣門同時開啟。2024/9/16PracticalReadingEngineGasketsandEngineRadiatorInanautomobile,gasketsarethinsheetsofflexiblematerialsthatareusedtoseparatetwometalcomponents.Theyallowmetalpartstobematedtogetherwithoutlosingfluidsthataretransferredbetweenthetwo.Normallywhentwopiecesofmetalaremated,thereareminutemachiningdifferencesinthesurfacesthatwouldallowhighpressurefluidsorgassestoescapeandrelievepressure.Inaninternalcombustionengine,fluidflowbetweenpartsisvitalforengineoperation.Gasketshelptheenginetransferthesefluidswithlessloss.Gasketsarecommonlymadefrombrass,steel,andrubbercompounds.Inadditiontoprovingmoreconducivepassagesforfluidstoflow,theyalsoserveasinsulationtoisolatesomepartsfromshockorvibrationsthatcouldcauseleaks,andcreatetighterfittingpartsthataremorelikelytostayinplace.2024/9/16四沖程發(fā)動機基礎(chǔ)知識介紹發(fā)動機構(gòu)造認識燃油直噴系統(tǒng)發(fā)動機冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)認識發(fā)動機點火系統(tǒng)和起動系統(tǒng)認識任務(wù)一任務(wù)二任務(wù)三任務(wù)四任務(wù)五任務(wù)六任務(wù)七任務(wù)八底盤構(gòu)造認識汽車檢測設(shè)備認識KT600汽車診斷系統(tǒng)任務(wù)九汽車市場調(diào)查分析進出口交易的一般流程來人來電購車接待汽車產(chǎn)品配置介紹汽車保險辦理汽車銷售禮儀任務(wù)十任務(wù)十一任務(wù)十二任務(wù)十三任務(wù)十四任務(wù)十五任務(wù)十六汽車產(chǎn)品售后服務(wù)出國手續(xù)辦理

任務(wù)三燃油直噴系統(tǒng)BriefIntroductionWordListTextlearning-exampleProperNames1234Translationofdifficultsentence5PracticalReading6

BriefIntroduction1.manufacturer[,m?nj?'f?kt?(?)r?(r)]n.制造商，廠商2.sprays[sprez] v.噴；掃射3.economy[/?'k?n?m?] n.經(jīng)濟；節(jié)約；理財4.emission[/?'m??(?)n]n.（光、熱等的）發(fā)射，散發(fā)；排放5.pump[/p?mp]n.泵，抽水機；打氣筒6.injection[?n'd?ek?(?)n] n.注射，噴射7.acceleration[?ksel?'re??(?)n] n.加速，促進8.percentage[p?'sent?d?] n.百分比；百分率，百分數(shù)9.sensor['sens?] n.傳感器10.reduction[r?'d?k?(?)n] n.減少；下降；縮小11.calculation[k?lkj?'le??(?)n]n.計算；估計

WordList2024/9/16

WordList12.approximately[?'pr?ks?m?tl?/adv.大約，近似地；近于13.located[l?u'keitid]adj.處于，位于；坐落的14.module['m?dju?l]n.[計]模塊；組件；模數(shù)15.upstream['?pstri?m]n.上游部門adj.向上游的；逆流而上的16.downstream['da?n'stri?m]adj.下游的；順流的17.injector[?n'd?ekt?]n.注射器；注射者；噴油器18.range[re?n(d)?]n.范圍；幅度；排；山脈19.signal['s?gn(?)l]n.信號；暗號；導(dǎo)火線20.assembly[?'sembl?]n.裝配；集會，集合Textlearning-exampleSeveralvehiclemanufacturerssuchasAudi,Mitsubishi,Mercedes,BMW,Toyota/Lexus,Mazda,Ford,andGeneralMotorsareusinggasolinedirectinjection(GDI)systems,whichGeneralMotorsreferstoasaSparkIgnitionDirectInjection(SIDI)system.Adirectinjectionsystemsprayshigh-pressurefuel,upto2,900PSI,intothecombustionchamberasthepistonapproachesthetopofthecompressionstroke.Withthecombinationofhigh-pressureswirlinjectorsandmodifiedcombustionchamber,almostinstantaneousvaporizationofthefueloccurs.Thiscombinedwithahighercompressionratioallowsadirect-injectedenginetooperateusingaleaner-than-normalair–fuelratio,whichresultsinimprovedfueleconomywithhigherpoweroutputandreducedexhaustemissions.Directfuelinjection2024/9/16Textlearning-example1、Highercostduetohigh-pressurepumpandinjectors2、Morecomponentscomparedwithportfuel-injection3、Duetothehighcompression,aNOXstoragecatalystissometimesrequiredtomeetemissionstandards,especiallyinEurope4、Usesuptosixoperatingmodesdependingonengineloadandspeed,whichrequiresmorecalculationstobeperformedbythepowertraincontrolmodule(PCM).

Disadvantageofgasolinedirectinjection2024/9/16Thefuelpumpinthefueltanksuppliesfueltothehigh-pressurefuelpumpatapressureofapproximately60PSI.Thefuelfilterislocatedinthefueltankandispartofthefuelpumpassembly.Itisnotusuallyserviceableasaseparatecomponent.Theenginecontrolmodule(ECM)controlstheoutputofthehigh-pressurepump,whichhasarangebetween500PSI(3,440kPa)and2,900PSI(15,200kPa)duringengineoperation.Textlearning-exampleLow-pressuresupplypump2024/9/16InaGeneralMotorssystem,theenginecontrolmodule(ECM)controlstheoutputofthehigh-pressurepump,whichhasarangebetween500PSI(3,440kPa)and2,900PSI(15,200kPa)duringengineoperation.Thehigh-pressurefuelpumpconnectstothepumpinthefueltankthroughthelow-pressurefuelline.Thepumpconsistsofasingle-barrelpistonpump,whichisdrivenbytheenginecamshaft.Thepumpplungerridesonathreelobedcamonthecamshaft.Thehigh-pressurepumpiscooledandlubricatedbythefuelitself.Textlearning-exampleHigh-pressurepump2024/9/16ThesensorsignalprovidesananalogsignaltothePCMthatvariesinvoltageasfuelrailpressurechanges.Lowpressureresultsinalow-voltagesignalandhighpressureresultsinahigh-voltagesignal.ThePCMusesinternaldriverstocontrolthepowerfeedandgroundforthepressurecontrolvalve.WhenbothPCMdriversaredeactivated,theinletvalveisheldopenbyspringpressure.Thiscausesthehighpressurefuelpumptodefaulttolow-pressuremode.Thefuelfromthehigh-pressurefuelpumpflowsthroughalinetothefuelrailandinjectors.Theactualoperatingpressurecanvaryfromaslowas900PSI(6,200kPa)atidletoover2,000PSI(13,800kPa)duringhighspeedorheavyloadconditions.Textlearning-exampleFuelpressureregulator

ProperNames1.volumetricefficiency充氣效率2.gasolinedirectinjection燃油直接噴射3.high-pressurefuel高壓燃油4.compressionratio壓縮比5.fueleconomy燃油經(jīng)濟性6.EGR廢氣再循環(huán)7.powertraincontrolmodule動力控制模塊8.pre-catalyst三元催化器9.oxygensensor氧傳感器10.fuelpump高壓泵11.fueltank燃油箱12.fuelrail燃油軌13.pressureregulator壓力調(diào)節(jié)器14.fuelpump高壓泵Translationofdifficultsentence1.SeveralvehiclemanufacturerssuchasAudi,Mitsubishi,Mercedes,BMW,Toyota/Lexus,Mazda,Ford,andGeneralMotorsareusinggasolinedirectinjection(GDI)systems翻譯：奧迪、三菱、奔馳、寶馬、豐田、雷克薩斯、馬自達、福特和通用汽車等幾家汽車制造商都在使用汽油直接注入（GDI）系統(tǒng)。2.Agasolinedirect-injectionsysteminjectionfuelunderhighpressuredirectlyiotothecombustionchamber翻譯：汽油直接噴射系統(tǒng)注入燃料在高壓下直接進入燃燒室3.ImprovedfueleconomyduetoreducedpumpinglossesandheatlossAllowsahighercompressionratioforhigherengineefficiency翻譯：由于減少了泵的損失和熱損失，提高了燃油經(jīng)濟性，從而提高了更高的壓縮比，提高了發(fā)動機的效率。2024/9/16Translationofdifficultsentence4.Thefuelpumpinthefueltanksuppliesfueltothehigh-pressurefuelpumpatapressureofapproximately60PSI翻譯：燃料箱中的燃油泵向高壓燃料泵提供燃料，壓力約為60PSI。5.InaGeneralMotorssystem,theenginecontrolmodule(ECM)controlstheoutputofthehigh-pressurepump翻譯：在通用汽車系統(tǒng)中，發(fā)動機控制模塊（ECM）控制高壓泵的輸出2024/9/16PracticalReadingEngineMeasurementandPerformanceCharacteristicsTheformerchapterpresentedthescientificprinciplesuponwhichtheautomobileengineoperates.Itistimetoexpandonthetopicofengineoperationbyexploringthemanyfactorsthatinfluenceengineperformance.Thesefactorsincludebore,stroke,displacement,compressionratio,compressionpressure,volumetricefficiency,thermoefficiency,andmechanicalefficiency.Thereareafewnegativefactorsthatadverselyaffectthenormalcombustionprocessandcancausepowerlossandseriousenginedamage.Thesefactorsare,ofcourse,detonationandsurfaceignition.Bore

Theboreofanengineisameasurementtakeninsidethecylinder.Actuallytheboreisthediameterofthecylinderitself.Thelargerthecylinderbore,ofcourse,themorepowerfulwillbethepowerstrokebecauseabiggerpistonhasmoreareaonwhichthehigh-pressurecombustiongasescanpushdown.StrokeStrokeisalsoabasiccylindermeasurement.However,inthiscase,themeasurementisthatoftheactualpistontravelwithinthecylinderasitmovesfromTDCtoBDCorbackagain.Asquareengineisonethathasaboreandstrokeofthesamedimension;whereas,anoversquareengineha