廣東省惠州市博羅縣高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（原卷版）

惠州市2023—2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測高一英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定的位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需要改動，先用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無效。第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分60分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題3分，滿分45分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AChancesarethatyouhavespentwaytoomuchtimeinfrontofyourscreeninthepastfewmonths.Thisyear,let’sgetoutdoors.Belowareafewplacesthat’llhaveyoufeelingrefreshed.Theclassic:VermontInVermont,naturealwaystakescenterstage.Whetherit’sthesnowymountainsinwinter,thewildflowersinspring,swimming.holesinsummer,orthecolorfulleavesinfall,there’salwayssomethingnewtoexplore.HittheGreenMountainsforcamping,skiing,andraftingadventuresTherelaxingisland:JekyllIslandIfyou’relookingtorelax,JekyllIslandistheplacetogo.You’llhavesevenbeachestochoosefrom.Whileyou’rethere,visittheGeorgiaSeaTurtleCenter,whichofferstoursandeducationalprogramsaboutthepreservationofthisendangeredspecies.Thehiddengem:TenerifeTenerifemightnotbeaswellknownassomeotherislands,butthat’llchangesoonthankstonewdirectflightsfromtheEastCoast.It’spackedwithnaturalwonders,vineyardsandbeaches.Spendthedaywhalewatchingandthenheadoutforstargazingatnight.Theadventurouspick:CostaRicaCostaRicaisapopularspotthatstillfeelsundiscovered.Hikethroughlavafieldsorziplineabovethejungleforanexcitingadventure.Headtothebeachwithyourfavoritesurfingboard,domorningyoga,orsimplyrelaxallday.Foratasteoflocalculture,visitacoffeefarmorwanderthroughSantaTeresafordrinkswithaview.Formorebrochuresaboutotherpackagetanoutdoors,contacrt’usatpackagetours@.1.Whichplacewillattractanimalprotectors?A.Tenerife. B.Vermont. C.CostaRica D.JekyllIsland2.WhatcantravelersdoinCostaRica?A.Goskiing. B.Gosurfing. C.Gocamping D.Gostargazing.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anewspaper C.Atraveljournal. D.Atravelbrochure.BWe’reabout4milesfromGallaudetUniversity,whereSolomonisaprofessorofbiology.SheandastudentAnnaMcCallaretakingasmallboattocollectwatersamplesfromtheAnacostinRiver.Theriverisnomorethan8mileslong,butitgoesthroughandaroundWashingtonDC.FormonthsSolomonandherstudentshavebeentestingforoxygen,saltlevelsandchlorophyll(葉綠素)intherivertojudgeispresentstateofhealth,whichunfortunatelyappearstobepoor.ToMcCall,whowasborndeaf,Solomonismorethanarolemodel.She’sagreatteacher,strictbutfair.McCallsaid,“ifitweren’tforSolomon,Icouldn’timaginedoingthiskindofwork.”Solomonwastheonlydeafpersoninherfamily.Inschool,shewasalwaysgoodatmathandscience,butherinterestintheenvironmentdidn’tdevelopuntilshewasateenager.“WhenIwasinhighschool,mydadwasavisitingprofessorattheU.S.NavalAcademy,”Solomonsaid.“Werentedahousebyasmallriver.Weweren’tabletoswimintheriverbecauseitwastoopolluted.”Solomon,whowon13goldmedalsinswimmingintheDeaflympics,wouldneverforgetthatpollutedrivernearherhouse.Acareerinscienceandenvironmentalstudiesbecameherpassion.Butshealsofoundanotherpassion(熱情):“HowcanIinfluenceotherdeafandhardofhearingstudents?”ItwasaquestionbasedonSolomon’sownexperienceasacollegestudent,firstasanundergraduate(本科生)atHarvard,thenasagraduatestudentattheUniversityofWashington.Thesewereschoolswhereshewasusuallytheonlydeafpersonintheclass.TrainingthenextgenerationofbiologistswhohappentobedeafhasbeeSolomon’sgoal,andforthatshehasreceivedhighpraiseatGallaudet.Notbecauseshe’sanespeciallygiftedteacher,butbecauseshehaslearnedhowtogetherstudentstofocusonwhatthey’recapableofnotwhatthey’relimitedby.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnnaMcCall?A.SheisadeafstudentofSolomon’s.B.Sheisarolemodelforallstudents.C.SheisarivercleanerinWashingtonDC.D.SheisaprofessoratGallaudetUniversity5.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeSolomonasateenager?A.Honestandbrave. B.Passionateandpositive.C.Patientandpowerful D.Selflessandcareful6.WhyhasSolomonreceivedhighpraiseatGallaudet?A.Becauseshehasbeenverystrictwithherstudents.B.BecauseshehasanaturalabilitytobeagoodteacherC.BecauseshehashelpedherstudentsdeveloptheirabilitiesD.Becauseshehashelpedherstudentsknowtheirlimitations7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowtoTakeWaterSamplesofaRiverB.HowtoBeeaSuccessfulBiologistC.TraintheNextGenerationofBiologistsD.TeachDeafStudentsTheyCanDoAnythingCNotallbirdssing,butsomespecies(物種)doitalot.Theysingtoprotecttheirplaceandimpresspossiblemates(配偶).“Whybirdssingisrelativelywellanswered,”saysIrisAdam,abehavioralneuroscientistattheUniversityofSouthernDenmark.Thebigquestionwas:Whydobirdssingsooften?Inanewstudy,Adamandherteammembersofferanewexplanation,suggestingthatsongbirdsmayhavetosingalottogivetheirvocal(聲音的)musclestheregularexercisetheyneedtoproducetopqualitysong.Thesefindingscouldberelatedtohumanvoicestoo.“Anytimeyoustopspeaking,youmightexperiencealossinvocalperformance,”saidAdam,“songbirdsonedaycouldhelpusimprovehowwetrainandrestoreourownvoices.”Tofigureoutwhetherthemusclesthatproducebirdsongrequiredailyexercise,Adamdesignedasetofexperimentsonzebrafinches.Oneofherfirstexperimentswasabouttakingmalesatthetopoftheirgame,andcuttingofftheconnectionbetweentheirbrainsandsingingmuscles.“Aftertwodays,theyhadlostsomeoftheirperformance,”shesaid.“Andafterthreeweeks,theywerebacktothesamelevelwhentheywereyoungandneverhadsungbefore.”Nextshepreventedthebirdsfromsingingforaweekbykeepingtheminthedarkalmostaroundtheclock.Afteraweek,thebirds’vocalmuscleslosthalftheirstrength.Whensheplayeditforagroupoffemalebirds,sixoutofninepreferredthesongthatcamefromamalewho’dbeenusinghissingingmusclesdaily.Adam’sfindingisthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetopperformancesong.Iftheydon’tsing,theyloseperformance,andtheygetlessattractivetofemales.”It’sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou’reabirdorahuman—practicemakesperfect,atleastwhenitestosingingone’sheartout.8What’sthefocusofAdamandherteammembers’study?A.Howbirdstraintheirvocalmuscles.B.Theeffectofmusiconbirds’behaviour.C.Therelationshipbetweenbrainfunctionandbirds’song.D.Whetherbirdsneedtosingoftentokeeptheirsingingability.9.Whatwastheeffectofpreventingthebirdsfromsingingforaweek?A.Theirvocalmusclesbecamestronger.B.Theybecamemoreattractivetofemales.C.Theirvocalmuscleslosthalftheirstrength.D.Theydidn’tshowanychangeinsingingperformance.10.Howdidthefemalebirdsreacttothemalebirdusingvocalmusclesdaily?A.Theydidnotshowanypreference.B.Mostofthempreferredhissong.C.Theyfoundhissonglessattractive.D.Noneofthemwereinterestedinhissong.11.What’sthemainmessageconveyedbythestudy?A.Birdsneedtosingtoimpresspossiblemates.B.Birdssingtomarktheirplaceandattractfemales.C.Regularexerciseisforkeepingbirds’singingperformance.D.Humansingingperformancecanbeimprovedbystudyingsongs.DTherearethousandsoflanguagesintheworld.Butwhichlanguageistheoldest?Expertsusedifferentmethodstofindouttheageofalanguage.Findingtheoldestlanguageisachallengingtask,accordingtoDannyHieber,anexpertinthestudyofendangeredlanguages.“Ifwethinkthatmostlanguagescandatebacktoanoriginalhumanlanguage,alllanguagesareequallyold,”Hiebersaid.However,it’simpossibletofindoutsuchlanguage—thedirectancestorofeverylanguageintheworld.Accordingly,someexpertsbelievethatthe“oldestlanguage”shouldbelongtoonewithawellestablishedwrittenrecord.Manyoftheearliestrecordedexamplesofwritingefromlanguagesthatusedcuneiformscript(楔形文字).AmongtheselanguagesareSumerianandAkkadian,bothdatingbackatleast4,600years.ExpertshavealsofoundEgyptianhieroglyphsthatdatetoaroundthesamehistoricalperiod.Thesehieroglyphs,whichcanbetranslatedinto“HehasunitedtheTwoLandsforhisson,DualKingPeribsen,”areconsideredtheearliestpletesentenceeverdiscovered.ExpertsgenerallyagreethatSumerian,AkkadianandEgyptianaretheoldestlanguageswithaclearwrittenrecord.Allthreeareextinct,meaningthattheyarenolongerusedanddon’thaveanylivingfollowerswhichcancarrythelanguagetothenextgeneration.Asfortheoldestlanguagethatisstillspoken,severalpetitorsappear.HebrewandArabicstandoutamongsuchlanguagesforhavingtimelinesthatexpertscanreasonablyfind,accordingtoHieber.Althoughtheseearliestwrittenlanguagesonlydatebackaround3,000years,Hiebersaid,“bothofthembelongtotheAfroasiaticlanguagefamily,whoserootsdatebackto18,000to8,000B.C.E.,orabout20,000to10,000yearsago.”Evenwiththiswideperiodoftime,itiswidelyacceptedthatAfroasiaticistheoldestlanguagefamily.ButtheexactpointintimewhenHebrewandArabicseparatedfromotherAfroasiaticlanguagesisheavilydebatedamongexperts.12.Howdoexpertsdeterminetheageofalanguage?A.Bystudyingitsspokendialects. B.Byanalyzingitsbasicgrammar.C.Byexaminingitswrittenrecords. D.Byparingittootherlanguages.13.WhatisthevalueoftheEgyptianhieroglyphs?A.They’reanexampleofcuneiformscript. B.TheybelongtotheAfroasiaticlanguage.C.Theyprovideevidenceoftheoldestlanguage. D.They’retheearliestknownpletesentences.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extinct”inparagraph4mean?A.Gone B.Ancient. C.Outdated. D.Active.15.WhatisthemaindisagreementamongexpertsregardingHebrewandArabic?A.Thereasonfortheirstandingout. B.Theexacttimeoftheirseparation.C.Theappearanceoftheirpetitors. D.Therootsofearliestwrittenlanguages.第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)HowtoHostaBookSwapIfyoulovethewrittenword,youprobablyhaveapileofbookssomewhereinyourhome.____16____Ifyou’rebeingalarmedatthepriceofnewbooks,holdabookswap.TheideaisprettysimpleGuestsbringbookstoshare,andtheaccumulatedbooksarethenredistributedtonewowners.Ifyou’veneverheldabookswapbefore,hereareafewtips.Sendoutinvitations.Aformalinvitationshouldincludetheaddress,dateandduration.A2to3hourpartygiveseveryoneachancetoenjoythetimeandleavehappy.____17____Threebooksisprettystandard.Ifyouwantextrasaround,don’tsetamaximum.Provideenoughspace.Somepeopleuseonelargediningtableandstartpilingupbookswhentheyrunoutofspace._____18_____Theycanofferpeopleachancetoconsidertheirselectionswithouthavingtojugglepilesofbookswhilethey’redoingit.____19____Tomakesureguestscanfindwhatintereststhem,theeasiestwaytodothisistomartsectionsonthetableforspecifictypesofbooks.Whenpeoplearrive,handoutabriefsetofinstructions,askingthemtoplacetheirbooksintherightcategory.Makeitaparty.Whenyou’reintheplanningstages,thinkpartyandyou’llbeonestepaheadofthegame.____20____Createsomegoodinteractionswithalittlebackgroundmusic.Haveanareasetasideforcoatsandbags.Remember,youarehostingaparty!A.Organizebooksbytypes.B.Preparedifferentkindsofbooks.C.Offerfoodthat’seasytoeatinabiteortwoD.However,theareaaroundthebooktablemaybesmall.E.Butthere’salwaysanewbookaroundthatinterestsyou.F.Actually,acoupleoftablescantakecareoftheproblem.G.It’salsoagoodideatolimitthenumberofbooksguestsbring第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共五節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)LikemostofherschoolmatesinruralZimbabwe,12yearoldMelisahasjustonetypeoffoodinthemealcontainershebringsfromhome.Todayshefinds___21___sweetpotatoes.HerfriendNyaraihasplainrice.Others’tins___22___roastednuts,driedfish.Orboiledcorn.“Webringdifferentfoods,butnobodyhasa___23___meal,”explainsMelisa.Kidswithtoolittlefoodhavefaintedinclassor___24___droppedoutofschool.ButnowMelisaandherschoolmatesaregetting___25___whenitestowhattheyandkidswithtoolittlefoodaregettingmore,becausetheyaresharingwhat’sintheirtins.Atlunch,students___26___aroundtheschoolyardinsmallgroupsthattheycall“l(fā)unchtinclubs.”Withtheirparents’___27___,theysplituptheirfood.NyaraifindsherricetastierwhenshesharesitwithFarisaiandLinnet,whosharetheirdrinkordriedpiecesofmeatwithher.“____28____bringsvarietytothefoodweeat,”Farisaisays.“Anditisgoodforourhealthtoo.”Theclubsalso___29___newfriendships.AlthoughDennisandPrinceliveneareachotherandareclassmates,they___30___talkedorplayedtogetherbefore.Now,Princesays,“Wearebestfriendsatschoolandathome.”Irene,astudentteacher,seesanother___31___totheclubs.Kidsnowfreelyshareschoolsupplieswithoutquarreling.Theschooldoesnothaveenoughforeveryone,sotwokidsmaysitononechair,andfourmayusethe___32___book.“It’sdifficulttosharefoodwhenyouare____33____”Irenesays.“Ifyoucandothat,itbees___34___tosharemanyotherthings.”TheLunchTinclubscontributestosharingfoodandforming___35___.21.A.uncooked B.eaten C.boiled D.inplete22.A.hold B.cover C.press D.roll23.A.specific B.plete C.similar D.classic24A.even B.suddenly C.hardly D.ever25.A.advice B.strength C.money D.variety26.A.walk B.sit C.look D.gather27.A.attention B.care C.permission D.hope28.A.Exploring B.Sharing C.Delivering D.Working29.A.wish B.suggest C.encourage D.change30.A.gradually B.often C.really D.rarely31A.benefit B.help C.way D.success32.A.new B.same C.old D.different33.A.sad B.excited C.hungry D.fortable34.A.wiser B.easier C.harder D.calmer35.A.groups B.habits C.methods D.friendships第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TaiChiisparofChina’straditionalculture.ItisauniquetypeofChinesekungfumarkedwithslowandgentlemovements___36___aredesignedforselfprotection,strengtheningofbodyandpreventionofdiseases.TaiChi’smovementswithdeepbreathingandrelaxationcanhelppromoteinnerpeaceandcalm,soitissuitable___37___peopleofdifferentages.TaiChi___38___(date)backasfaras2,500years.ItissaidthatZhangSanfeng,a13thcenturyTaoist,inventedTaiChiafterwatching____39____fightbetweenasnakeandabird.However,morepeopletendtobelievethatTaiChi___40___(develop)onthebasisofmartialartsskillsbyChenWangting,al7thcenturymasterofChinesemartialarts.Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatTaiChicanslowdownaging,strengthenmuscles,andaidinthetreatmentofheartdisease,skindiseasesandmanyother____41____(illness).Besides,TaiChicanimprovemoodifpeopleareworriedordepressed.Accordingtosomestudies,____42____(practice)TaiChionadailybasiscanalsohelppeoplegeta___43___(good)sleep.WithsomanybenefitsofTaiChi,moreandmorepeoplebegintopickupthis___44___(amaze)Chinesetraditionalsporttoimprovethequalityof____45____(they)life.第三節(jié)請用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(共6小題;每小題1分，滿分6分)46.Alicegot_______(annoy)withhisyoungerbrotherTom,becausehealwaystalkedtoherwhileshewasreading.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)47._____(actual),Lucyhasbeendoingwellinherstudiesaswellasherextracurriculuminhighschool.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)48.Ifyouhopetofindsomemore_____(detail)information,pleasefeelfreetocontactus.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)49.PartofLangPing’ssuccessisduetoherstrong_______(determine)(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)50.Illegalhuntingisthreateningthe________(survive)ofthewildlife.Asaresult,effectivemeasuresmustbetaken.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)51.Museumswilloftenholdexhibitionstargetedat______(variety)agegroups.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)第四節(jié)請?jiān)诳崭駜?nèi)填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。(共7小題;每小題1分，滿分7分)52.InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)53.It’swidelyrecognizedthatwehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)54.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom________wecanlearnwi