大體積混凝土計(jì)算

大體積混凝土澆筑裂縫控制的施工計(jì)算KF001,,,,,,

,,,,,,,

裂縫控制原理,在大體積混凝土澆筑前，根據(jù)施工擬采取的防裂措施和現(xiàn)有的施工條件，先,,,,,

,計(jì)算混凝土的水泥水化熱的絕熱最高溫升值、各齡期收縮變形值、收縮當(dāng)量,,,,,

,溫差和彈性模量，然后通過計(jì)算，估量可能產(chǎn)生的最大溫度收縮應(yīng)力，如不,,,,,

,超過混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度，則表示所采取的防裂措施能有效控制、預(yù)防裂縫的,,,,,

,出現(xiàn)；如超過混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度，則可采取措施調(diào)整混凝土的入模溫度、降,,,,,

,低水化熱溫升值、降低混凝土內(nèi)外溫差、改善施工操作工藝和混凝土拌合物,,,,,

,性能、提高抗拉強(qiáng)度或改善約束等技術(shù)措施重新計(jì)算，直至計(jì)算的應(yīng)力在允,,,,,

,許的范圍。,,,,,

,,,,,,,

1、計(jì)算參數(shù),,,,,,

鋼筋混凝土底板尺寸,,長(zhǎng)度l(m),寬度b(m),厚度h(m),,

,,40,20,1.30,,

混凝土標(biāo)號(hào),C30、S6,,,,,

混凝土配合比,水泥,水,砂,石,粉煤灰,外加劑

,425#普通,,中砂,碎石5-31,,

,1,0.46,1.8,2.86,0.17,0.016

kg/m3,380,175,684,1087,65,6.08

混凝土澆筑溫度Tj(℃),,25,,,,

混凝土入模溫度T0(℃),,28,,,,

,,,,,,,

2、混凝土的最終絕熱溫升Tmax(℃),,,,,,

Tmax=W×Q/(c×ρ)=,,61.5,,,,

其中,W--每立方米混凝土中水泥用量(kg/m3),,,,380,

,Q--每公斤水泥水化熱量(kJ/kg),,,,377,

,c--混凝土的比熱(J/kg?K),,,,0.97,

,ρ--混凝土的密度(kg/m3),,,,2400,

,,,,,,,

3、各齡期混凝土的絕熱溫升T(t)(℃),,,,,,

T(t)=Tmax×(1－e-mt),,,,,,

其中,m----經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù)(隨水泥品種、比表面及澆筑溫度而異),,,,,0.384

,e----常數(shù),,,,,2.718

,t(d)----混凝土的齡期,,,,,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,T(t)(℃),,,

,3,,42.1,,,

,6,,55.4,,,

,9,,59.6,,,

,12,,60.9,,,

,15,,61.3,,,

,18,,61.5,,,

,21,,61.5,,,

,24,,61.5,,,

,27,,61.5,,,

,30,,61.5,,,

,,,,,,,

4、各齡期混凝土內(nèi)部最高溫度Tn(t)(℃),,,,,,

Tn(t)=Tj+T(t)×ξ,,,,,,

其中,ξ----不同齡期和澆筑厚度的降溫系數(shù),,,查表,,

,混凝土齡期t(d),,ξ,,,

,3,,0.65,,,

,6,,0.62,,,

,9,,0.59,,,

,12,,0.48,,,

,15,,0.38,,,

,18,,0.29,,,

,21,,0.23,,,

,24,,0.19,,,

,27,,0.16,,,

,30,,0.15,,,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,Tn(t)(℃),△Tn(t)(℃),,

,3,,52.4,,,

,6,,59.3,-7.0,,

,9,,60.2,-0.8,,

,12,,54.2,5.9,,

,15,,48.3,5.9,,

,18,,42.8,5.5,,

,21,,39.1,3.7,,

,24,,36.7,2.5,,

,27,,34.8,1.8,,

,30,,34.2,0.6,,

,,,,,,,

,混凝土齡期t(d),,與外界氣溫之差△T1(t)(℃),,,

,,,△T1(t)＝Tn(t)-Tj,,,

,3,,27.4,,,

,6,,34.3,,,

,9,,35.2,,,

,12,,29.2,,,

,15,,23.3,,,

,18,,17.8,,,

,21,,14.1,,,

,24,,11.7,,,

,27,,9.8,,,

,30,,9.2,,,

,,,,,,,

5、各齡期混凝土表面溫度Tb(t)(℃),,,,,,

Tb(t)=Tq+4×h'×(H-h')×△T1(t)/H2,,,,,,

其中,Tq----不同齡期的大氣平均溫度(℃),,,25,,

,H----混凝土的計(jì)算厚度(m),,,H=h+2h'=,2.32,

,h'----混凝土的虛厚度(m),,,h'=K×λ/β=,,0.51

,K----計(jì)算折減系數(shù),,,0.666,,

,λ----混凝土的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)(W/m?K),,,2.33,,

,β----模板及保溫層的傳熱系數(shù)(W/m2?K),,,,,

,,β=1/∑(δi/λi+1/βq)=,,3.04,,

,δi----各種保溫材料的厚度(m),,,草袋,,0.04

,λi----各種保溫材料的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)(W/m2?K),,,,,0.14

,βq----空氣層傳熱系數(shù)(W/m2?K),,,,23,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,Tb(t)(℃),,,

,3,,43.8,,,

,6,,48.6,,,

,9,,49.1,,,

,12,,45.1,,,

,15,,41.0,,,

,18,,76.5,,,

,21,,60.7,,,

,24,,50.2,,,

,27,,42.2,,,

,30,,39.6,,,

,齡期t(d),內(nèi)部溫度與表面溫度之差,,表面溫度與大氣溫度之差,,

,,△T2(t)＝Tn(t)-Tb(t)(℃),,△T3(t)=Tb(t)-Tq(℃),,

,3,8.6,,18.8,,

,6,10.8,,23.6,,

,9,11.0,,24.1,,

,12,9.2,,20.1,,

,15,7.3,,16.0,,

,18,-33.7,,51.5,,

,21,-21.6,,35.7,,

,24,-13.5,,25.2,,

,27,-7.4,,17.2,,

,30,-5.4,,14.6,,

,,,,,,,

6、各齡期混凝土收縮相對(duì)變形值εy(t),,,,,,

εy(t)＝εy0×（1－e-0.01t)×M1×M2×M3…M10,,,,,,

其中,混凝土在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下的最終(極限)收縮值εy0,,,,,0.000324

,混凝土收縮變形不同條件影響修正系數(shù)M,,,,,

,M1,普通水泥,,,1.00,

,M2,水泥細(xì)度為5000孔,,,1.35,

,M3,骨料為花崗巖,,,1.00,

,M4,水灰比為0.46,,,1.05,

,M5,水泥漿量為0.27,,,1.32,

,M6,自然養(yǎng)護(hù)28天,,,0.93,

,M7,環(huán)境相對(duì)濕度為70%,,,0.77,

,M8,水力半徑的倒數(shù)為0.016,,,0.56,

,M9,機(jī)械振搗,,,1.00,

,M10,配筋率0.005,,,0.90,

,,,M1×M2×….×M10=,,0.68,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,εy(t),,,

,3,,6.51926E-06,,,

,6,,1.28459E-05,,,

,9,,1.89855E-05,,,

,12,,2.49437E-05,,,

,15,,3.07259E-05,,,

,18,,3.63371E-05,,,

,21,,4.17826E-05,,,

,24,,4.70671E-05,,,

,27,,5.21955E-05,,,

,30,,5.71723E-05,,,

,,,,,,,

7、各齡期混凝土的當(dāng)量溫差Ty(t)(℃),,,,,,

Ty(t)＝εy(t)/α,,,,,,

其中,α--混凝土的線膨脹系數(shù),,,0.00001,,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,Ty(t)(℃),△Ty(t)(℃),,

,3,,0.65,,,

,6,,1.28,0.63,,

,9,,1.90,0.61,,

,12,,2.49,0.60,,

,15,,3.07,0.58,,

,18,,3.63,0.56,,

,21,,4.18,0.54,,

,24,,4.71,0.53,,

,27,,5.22,0.51,,

,30,,5.72,0.50,,

,,,,,,,

8、各齡期混凝土的彈性模量E(t)(N/mm2),,,,,,

E(t)＝E0(1－e-0.09t),,,,,,

其中,E0--混凝土的最終(28d)彈性模量(N/mm2),,,,30000,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,E(t)(N/mm2),,,

,3,,7098,,,

,6,,12517,,,

,9,,16653,,,

,12,,19811,,,

,15,,22222,,,

,18,,24062,,,

,21,,25467,,,

,24,,26539,,,

,27,,27358,,,

,30,,27983,,,

,,,,,,,

9、混凝土的綜合溫度差△Tt(℃),,,,,,

△T(t)=△T1(t)-Th,,,,,,

其中,Th--混凝土澆筑后達(dá)到穩(wěn)定時(shí)的溫度(℃),,,,20.0,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,△T(t)(℃),,,

,6,,14.34,,,

,9,,15.16,,,

,12,,9.24,,,

,15,,3.31,,,

,18,,-2.17,,,

,21,,-5.85,,,

,24,,-8.31,,,

,27,,-10.15,,,

,30,,-10.77,,,

,,,,,,,

10、各齡期混凝土的溫度(包括收縮)應(yīng)力σ(t)(N/mm2),,,,,,

σ(t)=-E(t)×α×△T(t)×S(t)×R/(1-μ),,,,,,

其中,S(t)--考慮混凝土徐變影響的松弛系數(shù),,,,查表,

,混凝土齡期t(d),,S(t),,,

,6,,0.519,,,

,9,,0.475,,,

,12,,0.442,,,

,15,,0.411,,,

,18,,0.389,,,

,21,,0.369,,,

,24,,0.355,,,

,27,,0.341,,,

,30,,0.331,,,

,R--混凝土的外約束系數(shù),,,,0.25,

,μ--混凝土的泊松比,,,,0.15,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,σ(t)(N/mm2),,,

,6,,-0.2740,,,

,9,,-0.3527,,,

,12,,-0.2381,,,

,15,,-0.0889,,,

,18,,0.0598,,,

,21,,0.1617,,,

,24,,0.2302,,,

,27,,0.2786,,,

,30,,0.2934,,,

,,,,,,,

11、計(jì)算結(jié)論,,,,,,

28d混凝土抗拉強(qiáng)度ft,,,2.01,N/mm2,,

,,,,,,,

通過計(jì)算，說明由于降溫和收縮產(chǎn)生的溫度應(yīng)力小于混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度，可采取一次連續(xù),,,,,,

澆筑混凝土底板，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生貫穿的有害裂縫。,,,,,,

,,,,,,,

大體積混凝土澆筑后裂縫控制的施工計(jì)算KF001,,,,,,

裂縫控制原理,在大體積混凝土澆筑后，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)溫度值和繪制的溫度升降曲線，分別計(jì),,,,,

,算各降溫階段的混凝土溫度收縮應(yīng)力。如累計(jì)的總拉應(yīng)力不超過同齡期的混,,,,,

,凝土抗拉強(qiáng)度，則說明采取的防裂措施能夠有效控制和預(yù)防有害裂縫的出現(xiàn)，,,,,,

,如超過該階段的混凝土抗拉強(qiáng)度，則應(yīng)采取措施加強(qiáng)養(yǎng)護(hù)，減緩其降溫的速,,,,,

,度，提高該齡期的混凝土抗拉強(qiáng)度，以達(dá)到控制裂縫的出現(xiàn)。,,,,,

,,,,,,,

12、各齡期混凝土實(shí)際水化熱最高溫升值Td(℃),,,,,,

Td=Tn－T0,,,,,,

其中,Tn----各齡期混凝土溫度值,,,,,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,Td(℃),,,

,3,,24.4,,,

,6,,31.3,,,

,9,,32.2,,,

,12,,26.2,,,

,15,,20.3,,,

,18,,14.8,,,

,21,,11.1,,,

,24,,8.7,,,

,27,,6.8,,,

,30,,6.2,,,

,,,,,,,

13、混凝土水化熱平均溫度Tx(t)(℃),,,,,,

Tx(t)=Tb+2×(Tn-Tb)/3,,,,,,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,Tx(t)(℃),△Tx(t)(℃),,

,3,,49.5,,,

,6,,55.8,-6.3,,

,9,,56.5,-0.7,,

,12,,51.2,5.3,,

,15,,45.9,5.3,,

,18,,54.0,-8.2,,

,21,,46.3,7.7,,

,24,,41.2,5.2,,

,27,,37.3,3.9,,

,30,,36.0,1.3,,

,,,,,,,

14、各齡期混凝土綜合溫差T(t)(℃),,,,,,

△T(t)=△Tx(t)+△Ty(t),,,,,,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,混凝土齡期t(d),,△T(t)(℃),,,

,6,,-5.6,,,

,9,,-0.1,,,

,12,,5.9,,,

,15,,5.9,,,

,18,,-7.6,,,

,21,,8.3,,,

,24,,5.7,,,

,27,,4.4,,,

,30,,1.8,,,

,,,,,,,

15、各齡期混凝土總溫差T0(t)(℃),,,,,,

T0(t)=∑T(t)=,18.5,,,,,

,,,,,,,

16、最大溫度應(yīng)力值σ(t)(N/mm2),,,,,,

σ(t)=α/(1-μ)×(1-1/(cosh×β×l/2))∑(E(t)×△T(t)×S(t)),,,,,,

其中,β----約束狀態(tài)影響系數(shù),,,,,

,β=(Cx/(h×E(t)))1/2,,,,,

,Cx----地基水平阻力系數(shù)(N/mm3),,,0.06,,

,l----混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)物長(zhǎng)度(mm),,,40000,,

,S(t)--考慮混凝土徐變影響的松弛系數(shù),,,,查表,

,混凝土齡期t(d),,S(t),,,

,6,,0.208,,,

,9,,0.212,,,

,12,,0.215,,,

,15,,0.23,,,

,18,,0.252,,,

,21,,0.301,,,

,24,,0.367,,,

,27,,0.473,,,

,30,,1,,,

計(jì)算結(jié)果,,,,,,

齡期t(d),Cx/(h×E(t),β,cosh(β·l/2),E(t)×△Tt×S(t),,σ(t)

6,3.68742E-09,0.00006072,1.83270680,-14636,,-0.0782

9,2.77148E-09,0.00005264,1.60743367,(420),,-0.0019

12,2.32971E-09,0.00004827,1.50326825,25109,,0.0989

15,2.07697E-09,0.00004557,1.44496139,30109,,0.1091

18,1.91812E-09,0.00004380,1.40878751,(46164),,-0.1576

21,1.8123E-09,0.00004257,1.38489291,63306,,0.2070

24,1.73906E-09,0.00004170,1.36844851,55351,,0.1753

27,1.68702E-09,0.00004107,1.35680926,56705,,0.1754

30,1.64934E-09,0.00004061,1.3