廣東省珠海市高二下學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題

珠海市20192020學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末普通高中學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測高二英語卷面滿分130分，考試時間120分鐘注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考生號、試室號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再填寫新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。AAlthoughMacaoissmall,ithasallitsvitalorgans.Whenyouetothisuniquetown,thereareexperiencesyoucan'tmiss.MacaoTowerTheMacaoTower,338meterstall,istheworld’s10thhighesttower,withavarietyofactivities,suchaseatingandentertainment.Oneoftheactivitiesisthebungeejump.TheAJHackettMacaoTowerBungeeJumpis233metershigh,makingitaGuinnessWorldRecordasthehighestmercialbungeejumpintheworld.Raiseyourarmsandoffyougo!MacauMaritimeMuseumOccupyinganareaof800squaremeters,theMacauMaritimeMuseumwasbuiltonthesitewherethefirstgroupofPortugueseexplorerslandedonMacauin1553.Enlargedin1990,themuseumfollowsthetypicalmuseumlayoutsofaEuropeanstyle.TheexhibitsexploremajorthemesinthehistoryofthemaritimeindustryinMacauandshowtraditions,fishingtechniquesandnavigationequipmentofthefishermeninMacau.RuinsofSt.PaulTheRuinsofSt.PaulisthesignaturelandmarkofMacao.TheruinsconsistoftheSt.Paul'sCollegeandtheChurchofSt.Paul,builtin1583.However,afterthreeintensefiresin1595,1601and1835,thechurchwasseriouslydamaged.Surprisingly,afterthevigorouscyclesofrebuildingandfires,thehugefacade（正面）andthefrontstairwayremainunburned.MacaoGrandPrixTheMacaoGrandPrixisamajorworldwidecarracingeventheldannually,attractingover300topdriverseveryyear.Racingthroughthesmallstreetsandroadsoverthistinycity,theMacaoGrandPrixcircuitistheonlystreetcircuitracingintheworldforcarandmotorcycleevents.Thus,itisalsowellknownasoneoftheworld'smostdemandingcircuits.1.Asabungeeenthusiast,Brianwillmostlikelyvisit.A.theMacaoGrandPrix B.theMacauMaritimeMuseumC.theRuinsofSt.Paul D.theMacaoTower2.WhatwillyoudointheMacauMaritimeMuseum?A.Enjoyamazingeggtarts. B.LearnabouttheseahistoryofMacau.C.Takeaboattothesea. D.Listentotoursledbylocalfishermen.3.WhatisspecialaboutMacaoGrandPrix?A.Itisheldannually. B.Itattractsmanydrivers.C.Itfeaturesstreetracing. D.Itoffersrelicsviews.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了去澳門不容錯過的四個體驗?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“MacaoTower”部分最后三句“Oneoftheactivitiesisthebungeejump.TheAJHackettMacaoTowerBungeeJumpis233metershigh,makingitaGuinnessWorldRecordasthehighestmercialbungeejumpintheworld.Raiseyourarmsandoffyougo!(其中一個活動是蹦極。AJHackett的澳門塔蹦極233米高，使它成為吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄上全世界最高的商業(yè)蹦極。張開雙臂去吧)”可知，作為一個蹦極愛好者，Brian最有可能參觀澳門塔。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段MacauMaritimeMuseum部分最后一句“TheexhibitsexploremajorthemesinthehistoryofthemaritimeindustryinMacauandshowtraditions,fishingtechniquesandnavigationequipmentofthefishermeninMacau.(展覽探索澳門航海工業(yè)的的歷史的重大主題，展示澳門的傳統(tǒng)，捕魚技巧和漁民的航海設(shè)備)”可知，在澳門海事博物館可以了解澳門的海洋歷史。故選B項。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“MacaoGrandPrix”部分第二句“Racingthroughthesmallstreetsandroadsoverthistinycity,theMacaoGrandPrixcircuitistheonlystreetcircuitracingintheworldforcarandmotorcycleevents.(穿過這個小城市的小街道和馬路賽車，澳門東望洋跑道環(huán)形賽是世界上唯一的汽車和摩托車賽事的街道環(huán)形比賽)”可知，澳門東望洋跑道的特別之處在于以街道賽車為特點(diǎn)。故選C項?！军c(diǎn)睛】BItisreportedthatusingasmartphoneatmealtimescanleadtoanexpandingwaistline.Researchershavefoundthatmenandwomenconsumed15percentmorecalorieswhenlookingattheirphoneswhileeating.Theyalsoatemorefattyfood.Thegroundbreakingstudysuggeststhatstaringataphonescreenmaydistractdinersfromhowmuchfoodtheyareactuallyeating."Itmaypreventthecorrectunderstandingofthebrainovertheamountoffoodthatiseaten,"saidresearcherswhofilmed62volunteerseatingalone.Themenandwomen,agedfrom18to28,wereinvitedtohelpthemselvestoachoiceoffood一rangingfromhealthyoptionstosoftdrinksandchocolatesuntiltheywerefinallysatisfied.Inthreetrials,thevolunteerswererecordedeatingwithnodistractions,usingasmartphoneorreadingamagazine.Accordingtothestudy,onaverage,thevolunteersate535calorieswithoutthedistractionofasmartphonebut591calorieswhenusingamobilephoneinstead.Thoseinthesamplewhowereclassifiedasoverweightate616calorieswhileusingtheirphones.Whentheywereinpossessionoftheirmobilephones,thevolunteersconsumed10percentmorefattyfoods.Whenreadingamagazine,theyalsoatemoreparedwithnodistractionsduringameal,buttheyconsumelesscaloriesparedwiththeuseofsmartphoneswhenhavingameal."Theuseofasmartphoneduringamealincreasedcalorieandfatintake,"saidMarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa,aleadauthorofthestudycarriedoutattheFederalUniversityofLavrasinBrazilandUniversityMedicalCenterUtrechtintheNetherlands.Headded"Atpresent,tabletsandsmartphoneshavebeethemain'distractors'duringmeals,evenearlyinchildhood,anddistractorspreventthebraincorrectlyunderstandingtheamountoffoodingested,soitisimportanttopayattentiontohowthismayimpactfoodchoices."4.Whichphrasecanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"distract"inthefirstparagraph?A.Draw...to... B.Give...out.C.Bringabout... D.Break...up.5.Accordingtothestudy,aladymayconsumetheleastcaloriesduringamealwhen.A.eatingwithnodistractions B.eatingwithamagazineC.eatingwithaphone D.eatingwithatablet6.WhatisMarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa'sattitudetotheuseofphonesduringameal?A.Favorable. B.Negative. C.Indifferent. D.Surprised.7.Thispassagemostlikelyesfrom.A.adiary B.amagazine C.anovel D.atouristguide【答案】4.A5.A6.B7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項研究結(jié)果，吃飯時玩會使人分心，從而攝入更多的熱量?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句提到“研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃飯時看男性和女性多攝入15%的熱量。他們也食用更多脂肪類食物”，并結(jié)合第二段中“Itmaypreventthecorrectunderstandingofthebrainovertheamountoffoodthatiseaten(它可能阻止大腦正確理解攝入食物的數(shù)量)”可推知，畫線詞所在句“Thegroundbreakingstudysuggeststhatstaringataphonescreenmaydistractdinersfromhowmuchfoodtheyareactuallyeating.”意為“這個突破性的研究表明，盯著屏幕可能使用餐者從實際上吃了多少食物上分心”，所以劃線詞“distract”意為“（使）分心，轉(zhuǎn)移”，故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Accordingtothestudy,onaverage,thevolunteersate535calorieswithoutthedistractionofasmartphonebut591calorieswhenusingamobilephoneinstead.(根據(jù)研究，沒有干擾，志愿者平均吃535卡路里，但是相反，使用時攝入591卡路里)”可知，吃飯時沒有干擾的事情攝入的熱量最少。故選A項。6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段MarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa說的話“目前，平板電腦和已經(jīng)變成吃飯時主要的干擾物，甚至是在童年早期，干擾物阻止大腦正確理解攝取的食物數(shù)量，所以注意這如何影響食物選擇很重要”可知，MarcioGilbertoZangeronimoa對吃飯時使用持消極態(tài)度。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合文章第一句“Itisreportedthatusingasmartphoneatmealtimescanleadtoanexpandingwaistline.(據(jù)報道，吃飯時使用可以導(dǎo)致腰圍變粗)”可知，本文主要講述了一項研究結(jié)果，吃飯時玩會使人分心，從而攝入更多的熱量，所以本文可能出自雜志。故選B項。CFelicien,a29yearoldAfricangraduatestudent,smiledashehelpedawomanuseaticketonherphonetoentertheSummerPalaceinBeijing.Asavolunteerinthepalacegarden,FelicienisjustoneofmanyAfricanstudentsstudyinginChina.TheChinaAfricaCooperationMeetingwasheldinBeijingfromSept3to4.Onthemeeting,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingpromisedtoofferworkingtrainingcourses,50,000scholarshipsforAfricanyouthsandinvite2,000youngAfricanpeopletovisitChina."ThefutureofChinaAfricarelationsliesinouryoungpeople,"Xisaid.HealsosaidthatChinawillprovide$60billioninsupport,includingfreeaidandspecialfunds,forAfrica'sdevelopment.ThefriendshipbetweenChinaandAfricadatesback600yearstothetravelsofChineseexplorerZhengHe,whoseshipsreachedEastAfricafourtimes.ZhengbroughtgiftstohisAfricanhostsandtookbacknothingbutafewgiraffes.Today,ChinaseesAfricaasanequalpartnerindevelopmentandininternationalandregionalaffairs.ChinahasbeenAfrica'slargesttradingpartnerfor9years.ChineseinvestmentsinAfricahaveincreasedmorethan100timesinthepast18years.ChinaandAfricahavestrengthenedcooperationsince2013,withthetremendoushelpoftheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)."Chinafollowstheprincipleofgivingmoreandtakingless,givingbeforetakingandgivingwithoutaskingforreturn.Withopenarms,weweleAfricancountriesaboardthetrainofChina'sdevelopment,Xisaid.Xi'swordsreceivedmuchpraisefromAfricanleaders.Indeed,"WithgoodwillandcooperationwithBeijing,Africacanbringherwisdomonboard,mixittotheChineseDreamandjointlybuildamunityofsharedfutureforallmankind,"mentedanexpert.8.WhydoestheauthormentionFelicieninParagraph1?A.TodescribeFelicien'sparttimejob.B.TodemonstrateChinaAfricarelations.C.Toshowforeignerscanbevolunteers.D.ToshowitisconvenienttouseEtickets.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?A.5,000AfricanyoungpeoplewillbeinvitedtovisitChina.B.ZhengHestrengthenedthetiesbetweenAsiaandAfrica.C.TheBRIhasgreatlypromotedChinaAfricacooperation.D.ChinawillprovideAfricawith$60billionspecialfunds.10.WhatcanwelearnfromXi'swordsinParagraph4?A.ChinahelpsAfricadevelophighspeedtrains.B.ChinawelesAfricancountriestoinvestinChina.C.China'sdevelopmentbringsopportunitiestoAfrica.D.ChinagainsnothingfromChinaAfricacooperation.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.China'sAidstoAfricanCountries B.AfricanStudentsinChinaC.ChinaSeesAfricaasEqualpetitor D.China'sBondwithAfrica【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了中非之間深厚的友誼基礎(chǔ)，為未來續(xù)寫合作新篇章?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段提到“Felicien是一名29歲的非洲畢業(yè)生，面帶微笑，在北京幫助一位女性用上的電子票進(jìn)入圓明園。作為圓明園的志愿者，F(xiàn)elicien只是非洲眾多來華學(xué)習(xí)的其中一個留學(xué)生”，接著第二段提到“ThefutureofChinaAfricarelationsliesinouryoungpeople(年輕人是中非關(guān)系的希望所在)”，所以文章在第一段提到Felicien的例子是為了證明中非關(guān)系。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ChinaandAfricahavestrengthenedcooperationsince2013,withthetremendoushelpoftheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI).(自2013年以來，在“一帶一路”倡議的幫助下，中非加強(qiáng)了合作關(guān)系)”可知，“一帶一路”極大地推動了中非合作。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Chinafollowstheprincipleofgivingmoreandtakingless,givingbeforetakingandgivingwithoutaskingforreturn.Withopenarms,weweleAfricancountriesaboardthetrainofChina'sdevelopment,Xisaid.Xi'swordsreceivedmuchpraisefromAfricanleaders“中國主張多予少取、先予后取、只予不取，張開懷抱歡迎非洲搭乘中國發(fā)展快車”。由此判斷出中國的發(fā)展給非洲帶來機(jī)會。故選C項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀文章，并結(jié)合文章最后一段中“WithgoodwillandcooperationwithBeijing,Africacanbringherwisdomonboard,mixittotheChineseDreamandjointlybuildamunityofsharedfutureforallmankind(帶著與北京友好合作的意愿，非洲能展現(xiàn)其智慧，并且融入到中國夢中，共同構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體)”可知，本文主要講述了中非之間的友好關(guān)系。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“中國與非洲的關(guān)系”。故選D項。DKristenSorensenwas55whenshebecameparalyzedfromtheneckdown.DiagnosedinOctober2018withararedisorderthataffectsthebody'snervoussystem,sheneverexpectedtowalkagain.Butearlierthatyear,theBrooksTreatmentCenterinFloridabecamethefirstcentertouseauniquetechnologydevelopedinJapantheHybridAssistiveLimb(HAL).HAL,essentiallyawearablemachine,helpsthosewithspinalcord(脊髓的)injuriesandmusculardiseasesregaintheirmovementsandstrengthentheirnervesandmuscles.Knownasexoskeletons,they'reatypeoflightweightsuit,withjointspoweredbysmallelectricmotors,thatserveasmechanicalmuscle.Patientsusetheirbrainwavestocontrolthem.WhenSorensenheardaboutthebrainwavecontrolledexoskeleton,sheknewshehadtoplaceanorderandgiveitatry.AtrainednursehelpedherfitHALoverherwaistandtrousers,connectinghertosensorsthathelppickupfaintbioelectricsignalsonthesurfaceoftheskin,whichmunicateapatient'sintentiontomove.OnceHALreceivesthesesignals,ithelpssupporttheperson'smovements.AftersometrainingandeffortsSorensenwasabletowalkatherdaughter'sweddingafewmonthslaterinDecember.It'sathoughtthatSorensenshares."WhenIusedHAL,therewerepeoplewhocamefromalloverthecountrytousetheequipment,"shesays."Iwouldlikethiskindoftechnologytobemorereadilyavailableandmoreaccessibleespeciallytothosewholearnslowly."Butit'snotjustthosewithdisabilitiesorinjurieswhostandtobenefit.By2050,therewillbemorethan2billionpeopleoverage60,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),andexoskeletonscouldofferasolutiontotheworld'sagingpopulation.Inthefuture,ashumanbodiesweardownwithage,anexoskeletonpoweredbyactivemindscouldhelppeoplestayontheirfeet.Withsuchhugepotentialapplicationsavailable,theglobalmedicalexoskeletonmarketwillbeworthanestimated$2.8billionby2023,accordingtoaresearchpany.12.WhatdoweknowaboutKristen?A.Shehadmuchdifficultiesinwalking.B.Shewasparalyzedduetoanaccident.C.Shevolunteeredinascienceexperiment.D.Shenevergaveupthehopetowalkagain.13.HALcanbeusedas.A.brainwave B.electricalnerve C.mechanicalmuscle D.spinalcord14.What'stherightorderofhowHALworks?①PersonsputonHAL②Personsareconnectedtothesensors.③HALhelpssupporttheperson'smotion.④Personssendoutintentiontomove.⑤SensorspickupsignalsandpassthemtoHAL.A.②①④⑤③ B.①②③④⑤ C.②①③④⑤ D.①②④⑤③15.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat.A.HALcannowbeusedwithnodifficultyB.HALmayhavealargepotentialmarketC.HALhasbeenwidelyusedintheworldD.HALcanonlyhelppeoplewithdisabilities【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可穿戴的電子衣利用腦電波來增強(qiáng)的肌肉，幫助人們保持站立。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“DiagnosedinOctober2018withararedisorderthataffectsthebody'snervoussystem,sheneverexpectedtowalkagain.(2018年10月被診斷出一種影響身體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的罕見疾病，她從沒有期望能再次站起來走路)”可知，Kristen在走路方面很困難。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Knownasexoskeletons,they'reatypeoflightweightsuit,withjointspoweredbysmallelectricmotors,thatserveasmechanicalmuscle.(它們被稱為外骨骼，是一種輕型的套裝，關(guān)節(jié)由小型電動馬達(dá)驅(qū)動，充當(dāng)機(jī)械肌肉)”可知，HAL可以被當(dāng)作機(jī)械肌肉。故選C項?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AtrainednursehelpedherfitHALoverherwaistandtrousers,connectinghertosensorsthathelppickupfaintbioelectricsignalsonthesurfaceoftheskin,whichmunicateapatient'sintentiontomove.OnceHALreceivesthesesignals,ithelpssupporttheperson'smovements.”可知，一名訓(xùn)練有素的護(hù)士幫她把HAL戴在腰和褲子上，這使她與傳感器連接起來，傳感器幫助捕捉皮膚表面微弱的生物電信號，傳達(dá)病人的移動意圖。一旦HAL接收到這些信號，它就會輔助支持這個人移動，所以正確排序是①②④⑤③。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Withsuchhugepotentialapplicationsavailable,theglobalmedicalexoskeletonmarketwillbeworthanestimated$2.8billionby2023,accordingtoaresearchpany.(按照一家研究公司的說法，隨著這些巨大的潛在應(yīng)用的出現(xiàn)，到2023年，全球醫(yī)療外骨骼市場的價值將達(dá)到28億美元)”可知，HAL可能會有巨大的潛在市場。故選B項。第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。LearningIsaLearnedBehaviorManypeoplemistakenlybelievethatlearningisanunchangeabletraitlikeeyecolor,simplyluckofthegeneticdraw.''Peoplearebornlearners,orthey'renot."___16___Herearethreepracticalwaystobuildyourlearningskills,basedonresearch.OrganizeyourgoalsEffectivelearningoftenboilsdowntoatypeofprojectmanagement.Inordertodevelopanareaofexpertise,wefirsthavetosetachievablegoalsaboutwhatwewanttolearn.Thenwehavetodevelopstrategiestohelpusreachthosegoals.Atargetedapproachtolearninghelpsuscopewithalltheselfcarping（自我挑剔）feelingsassociatedwithgainingskills:AmIgoodenough?WillIfail?WhatifI'mwrong?___17___Whilesomeselfcarpingisnormal,thesesortsofnegativeemotionscanquicklyrobusofourabilitytolearnsomethingnew.ThinkaboutthinkingMetacognition（元認(rèn)知）iscrucialtothetalentoflearning.Psychologistsdefinemetacognitionas"thinkingaboutthinking",andbroadlyspeaking,metacognitionisaboutbeingmoreinspectiveabouthowyouknowwhatyouknow.It'samatterofaskingourselvesquestionslike:DoIreallygetthisidea?CouldIexplainittoafriend?OrdoIneedmorepractice?Whenitestolearning,oneofthebiggestissuesisnotthatsomethinggoesinoneearandouttheother.___18___ReflectonyourlearningThereissomethingofacontradictioninlearning.Getintoadiscussionwithaclassmate,forinstance,andoftenyourbestargumentsarrivewhileyou'rewashingthedisheslater.Inshort,learningbenefitsfromreflection.___19___Sleepisafascinatingexampleofthisidea.It'spossiblethatwetidyupourknowledgewhilewe'renappingorsleepingdeeply.Onerecentstudyshowsagoodeveningofshuteyecanreducepracticetimeby50%.Beingaquickstudydoesn'tmeanyou'rethesmartestpersonintheroom.___20___,thinkingaboutyourthinking,andreflectingonyourlearningatpropertimes,youcanbeeabetterstudy,too.A.Isthereanytruthintheserumors?B.BybeingthefirsttosailroundtheworldC.BydeliberatelyorganizingyourlearninggoalsD.Isn'ttheresomethingelsethatI'dratherbedoing?E.Thistypeofreflectionrequiresamomentofcalm.F.Agrowingbodyofresearchismakingitclearthatlearnersaremade,notborn.G.Theissueisthatindividualsdon'tpushthemselvestoreallythinkabouttheirthinking.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.E20.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)技能的三種實用的方法。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Peoplearebornlearners,orthey'renot.”人是天生的學(xué)習(xí)者，或者不是。根據(jù)后文“Herearethreepracticalwaystobuildyourlearningskills,basedonresearch.”根據(jù)研究，這里有三種培養(yǎng)你學(xué)習(xí)技能的實用方法。選項承上啟下。故F選項“越來越多的研究表明，學(xué)習(xí)者不是天生的，而是后天培養(yǎng)的。”切題。故選F項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“AmIgoodenough?WillIfail?WhatifI'mwrong?”我足夠好嗎?我會失敗嗎?如果我錯了呢?選項與上文為并列關(guān)系，都表示對自己的自責(zé)的疑問。故D選項“難道就沒有其他我想做的事嗎?”切題。故選D項。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenitestolearning,oneofthebiggestissuesisnotthatsomethinggoesinoneearandouttheother.”說到學(xué)習(xí)，最大的問題之一并不是一只耳朵進(jìn)，一只耳朵出。選項承接上文。故G選項“問題是，每個人都不強(qiáng)迫自己去真正思考自己的想法?！鼻蓄}。故選G項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inshort,learningbenefitsfromreflection.”簡言之，學(xué)習(xí)得益于反思。選項承接上文。故E選項“這種思考需要片刻的冷靜”切題。故選E項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“thinkingaboutyourthinking,andreflectingonyourlearningatpropertimes,youcanbeeabetterstudy,too.”思考你的想法，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候反思你的學(xué)習(xí)，你也可以成為一個更好的學(xué)習(xí)者。選項承接下文。故C選項“有意識地組織你的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)”切題。故選C項。第二部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Goodhealthisapreciousthing.Whenwearehealthy,wecanlearn,workand___21___ourselvesandourfamilies.___22___,whenwearesick,we___23___,andourfamiliesalsosufferalot.ThatiswhytheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）isbadly___24___.Workingwith194memberstates,acrosssixregions,andfrommorethan150offices,WHOstaffareunitedinashared___25___toachievebetterhealthforeveryone,___26___.Allpeopleshouldenjoythehigheststandardofhealth,___27___race,religion,political___28___economicorsocialcondition.Theprinciplehasalways___29___WHO'sworkforthepast70years,sinceitwasfirstsetupastheleadagencyforinternational____30____inthenewUnitedNationssystem.Inrecentdecades,theworldhasseenarisein____31____suchascanceranddiabetes（糖尿?。?____32____byforcessuchasrapidunplannedurbanization,globalizationofunhealthylifestylesandpopulationageing,thesediseasesnowaccountfor70%ofalldeaths.____33____,WHOhasshiftedfocus,alongwithhealthauthoritiesaroundtheworld,to____34____healthyeating,physicalexerciseandregularhealthchecks.Theorganizationhasrunglobalhealthcampaignsonthe____35____ofdiabetesandhighbloodpressure.ItnegotiatedtheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl,a（n）____36____tooltohelpreducediseasesanddeaths____37____bytobacco.____38____thesegoalswillrequireunfailingpoliticalandfinancialmitment,frommemberstatesanddonors,andcontinuedandexpanded____39____withcolleaguesfromacademia,partnersontheground,andother____40____oftheUNfamily.21.A.encourage B.support C.prepare D.raise22.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Otherwise D.However23.A.scold B.scream C.struggle D.suspect24.A.survived B.praised C.needed D.designed25.A.mitment B.affection C.custom D.suggestion26.A.everywhere B.everything C.somewhere D.something27.A.becauseof B.regardlessof C.incaseof D.inviewof28.A.ability B.rule C.ment D.belief29.A.changed B.stated C.guided D.showed30.A.fortune B.health C.justice D.exchange31.A.feelings B.reactions C.disabilities D.diseases32.A.Driven B.Convinced C.Encouraged D.Declared33.A.Surprisingly B.Consequently C.Unexpectedly D.Accidentally34.A.distinguish B.expect C.explain D.promote35.A.protection B.application C.prevention D.appreciation36.A.powerful B.inefficient C.confusing D.academic37.A.predicted B.replaced C.caused D.created38.A.Evaluating B.Achieving C.Possessing D.Analyzing39.A.cooperation B.attitude C.intention D.function40.A.workers B.friends C.assistants D.members【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.A27.B28.D29.C30.B31.D32.A33.B34.D35.C36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述世界衛(wèi)生組織的重要性及其為全世界健康做出的努力?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們健康時，我們可以學(xué)習(xí)，工作，養(yǎng)活自己和家人。A.encourage鼓勵；B.support支持，扶持，贍養(yǎng)；C.prepare準(zhǔn)備；D.raise提高。根據(jù)“wecanlearn,work”并結(jié)合下一句中“andourfamiliesalsosufferalot”可知，但我們健康時，我們學(xué)習(xí)、工作并“養(yǎng)活”自己和家人。故選B項。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)我們生病時，我們過的十分艱難，我們的家人也遭受痛苦。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Otherwise否則；D.However然而。上文提到“我們健康時”，根據(jù)空后“whenwearesick”可知，此處與上一句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)我們生病時，我們過的十分艱難，我們的家人也遭受痛苦。A.scold責(zé)怪；B.scream尖叫；C.struggle掙扎，艱難地進(jìn)行；D.suspect懷疑。根據(jù)“whenwearesick”并結(jié)合“ourfamiliesalsosufferalot”中的關(guān)鍵詞“also”可知，生病時，我們過得“艱難”。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是我們十分需要世界衛(wèi)生組織的原因。A.survived生存；B.praised表揚(yáng)；C.needed需要；D.designed設(shè)計。根據(jù)下文“WHOstaffareunitedinashared___5___toachievebetterhealthforeveryone”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織成員團(tuán)結(jié)在一起為每個人達(dá)到更好的健康，所以我們“需要”世界衛(wèi)生組織。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：世界衛(wèi)生組織全體成員團(tuán)結(jié)在一個共享的承諾中，讓每個人，每個地方都達(dá)到更好的健康狀態(tài)。A.mitment承諾，義務(wù)；B.affection影響，喜愛；C.custom風(fēng)俗；D.suggestion建議。根據(jù)下文“___18___thesegoalswillrequireunfailingpoliticalandfinancialmitment”的提示可知，此處指世界衛(wèi)生組織團(tuán)結(jié)在一個共享的“承諾”中，故選A項。【26題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：世界衛(wèi)生組織全體成員團(tuán)結(jié)在一個共享的承諾中，讓每個人，每個地方都達(dá)到更好的健康狀態(tài)。A.everywhere每個地方；B.everything一切；C.somewhere某個地方；D.something某物。根據(jù)“everyone”可知，此處指，每個人、“每個地方”，故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：所有人都應(yīng)該享有最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的健康，不管種族、宗教、政治信仰、經(jīng)濟(jì)或社會狀況。A.becauseof因為；B.regardlessof不管，不顧；C.incaseof萬一，以防；D.inviewof鑒于，考慮到。根據(jù)空前的“Allpeople”可知，此處指“不管”種族、宗教等，所有人都應(yīng)該享受最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的健康。故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所有人都應(yīng)該享有最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的健康，不管種族、宗教、政治信仰、經(jīng)濟(jì)或社會狀況。A.ability能力；B.rule規(guī)則；C.ment評論；D.belief信念、信仰。此處與“race,religion”和“economicorsocialcondition”并列，表示“政治信仰”，故選D項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個原則在過去的70年一直指導(dǎo)著世界衛(wèi)生組織的工作。A.changed改變；B.stated陳述；C.guided指導(dǎo)；D.showed展示。此處指上文提到的原則一直“指導(dǎo)”著世界衛(wèi)生組織的工作，故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自從它起初在聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)中被設(shè)定為國際健康的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)。A.fortune幸運(yùn)，財富；B.health健康；C.justice正義；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)上文“WHOstaffareunitedinashared5toachievebetterhealthforeveryone,6.”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織是國際“健康”的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，故選B項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近幾十年，世界目睹了如癌癥和糖尿病等疾病的增長。A.feelings感覺；B.reactions反應(yīng)；C.disabilities殘疾；D.diseases疾病。根據(jù)空后“suchascanceranddiabetes”可知，此處指在“疾病”方面，下文“thesediseasesnowaccountfor70%ofalldeaths”也是提示。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：被諸如快速的無計劃性城市化，不健康生活方式的全球化和老齡化加劇因素的推動，這些疾病現(xiàn)在是70%的死亡原因。A.Driven驅(qū)動，驅(qū)使；B.Convinced（使）信服；C.Encouraged鼓勵；D.Declared宣布。根據(jù)“forcessuchasrapidunplannedurbanization,globalizationofunhealthylifestylesandpopulationageing”可知，這些是影響因素，所以此處指“受……驅(qū)使，推動”，故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，跟隨世界各地的健康機(jī)構(gòu)一起，世界衛(wèi)生組織已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移了重點(diǎn)，來促進(jìn)健康飲食，身體鍛煉和定期的健康檢查。A.Surprisingly驚訝地；B.Consequently因此；C.Unexpectedly出乎意料地；D.Accidentally偶然地。上文提到一些疾病是70%的死亡原因，結(jié)合空后“世界衛(wèi)生組織已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移了重點(diǎn)”可知，上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，所以此處表示“因此”，故選B項。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，跟隨世界各地的健康機(jī)構(gòu)一起，世界衛(wèi)生組織已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移了重點(diǎn)，來促進(jìn)健康飲食，身體鍛煉和定期的健康檢查。A.distinguish辨認(rèn)，區(qū)別；B.expect期望；C.explain解釋；D.promote提升，促進(jìn)。根據(jù)上文“thesediseasesnowaccountfor70%ofalldeaths”可知，疾病是70%的死亡原因，所以此處指“促進(jìn)”健康飲食，身體鍛煉和定期健康檢查。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：世衛(wèi)組織進(jìn)行了一些全球的關(guān)于防止糖尿病和高血壓的健康活動。A.protection保護(hù)；B.application運(yùn)用；C.prevention防止；D.appreciation感激，欣賞。根據(jù)“ItnegotiatedtheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl,a(n)___16___tooltohelpreducediseasesanddeaths”可知，世衛(wèi)組織舉行的全球健康活動是為“防止”糖尿病和高血壓。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它談判達(dá)成《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》，一個幫助減少煙草引起的疾病和死亡的權(quán)威方法。A.powerful強(qiáng)大的，有權(quán)威的；B.inefficient效率低的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.academic學(xué)術(shù)的。此處指《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》是減少疾病和死亡的“權(quán)威的”方法。故選A項。【37題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它談判達(dá)成《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》，一個幫助減少煙草引起的疾病和死亡的權(quán)威方法。A.predicted預(yù)測；B.replaced代替；C.caused引起，導(dǎo)致；D.created創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)“diseasesanddeaths以及bytobacco”可知，公約是減少由煙草“引起”的疾病和死亡，故選C項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)將需要來自成員國與捐贈者不遺余力的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)努力，以及和學(xué)術(shù)界同仁、當(dāng)?shù)氐暮献骰锇楹吐?lián)合國大家庭中其他成員的持續(xù)擴(kuò)大的合作。A.Evaluating評估；B.Achieving達(dá)到，完成；C.Possessing加工，處理；D.Analyzing分析。根據(jù)“willrequireunfailingpoliticalandfinancialmitment”可知，此處指“達(dá)到”這些目標(biāo)需要不遺余力的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)努力。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)將需要來自成員國與捐贈者不遺余力的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)努力，以及和學(xué)術(shù)界同仁、當(dāng)?shù)氐暮献骰锇楹吐?lián)合國大家庭中其他成員的持續(xù)擴(kuò)大的合作。A.cooperation合作；B.attitude態(tài)度；C.intention意圖；D.function功能，作用?？涨疤岬叫枰佬l(wèi)組織成員國的努力，此處指還需要和學(xué)術(shù)界同仁、當(dāng)?shù)氐暮献骰锇榈鹊摹昂献鳌?，故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)將需要來自成員國與捐贈者不遺余力的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)努力，以及和學(xué)術(shù)界同仁、當(dāng)?shù)氐暮献骰锇楹吐?lián)合國大家庭中其他成員的持續(xù)擴(kuò)大的合作。A.workers工人；B.friends朋友；C.assistants助手；D.members成員。根據(jù)“oftheUNfamily”可知，世衛(wèi)組織是聯(lián)合國的一個組織機(jī)構(gòu)，此處指與聯(lián)合國大家庭中其他“成員”合作。故選D項。第二部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第二節(jié)語篇填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Althoughheatrelateddeathsandillnessesarepreventable,around618peoplearekillednationwidebyextremeheateveryyear.Extremeheat___41___(describe)assummertimetemperaturesthataremuchhotterormorehumidthanaverage.Humidandstickyconditionscanmakeitseemhotterthanitreallyis.Heatrelatedillnesses,likeheatstroke,happenwhenthebodyisnotableto___42___(proper)coolitself.Whilethebodynormallycoolsitselfbysweating,duringextremeheat,thismightnotbeenough.Inthesecases,___43___person'sbodytemperaturerises___44___(fast)thanitcancoolitselfdown,___45___cancausedamagetothebrainandothervitalorgans.Olderadults,theveryyoung,andpeople___46___mentalillnessandchronicdiseasesareathighestrisk.However,even___47___(health)peoplecanbeaffectediftheyparticipateinintensephysical___48___(activity)duringhotweather.Summertimeactivity,whether___49___(play)indoorsoroutdoors,mustbebalancedwithactionsthathelpthebodycoolitselftopreventheatrelatedillnesses.Youcanvisitourwebsite____50____(learn)moreonhowtostaysafeintheheatthissummer,includinghowtoprevent,recognize,andcopewithheatrelatedillnesses.【答案】41.isdescribed42.properly43.a44.faster45.which46.with47.healthy48.activiti